prepared by: Farihah@psa

1. CHAPTER 5–FIRST
AIDS

2. DEFINITION
First Aid is the first assistance or
treatment given for a sick or injured
person (called casualty) before the
arrival of an ambulance or qualified
expert.

3. PURPOSE OF FIRST AID

4. 1. TO SAVE LIFE
Help to stop bleeding
Treat injuries in right
order
Maintain airway in correct position
Perform CPR (when needed- no
breathing or pulse)

5. 2. PREVENT FUTHER INJURY
 Dress wound to prevent infection
 Provide comfort to casualty
 Place casualty in the comfortable
condition.

6. 3. PROMOTE RECOVERY
Relieve casualty from anxiety
Attempt to relief pain and
discomfort
Handle casualty gently
Protect casualty from cold and wet
Encourage confident and trust

7. PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID

8. 1. IDENTIFICATION
a. Brief examination of casualty - to perform
check before concluding by observe sign
and symptom
b. Signs: Details of a casualty’s condition you
may assess using your senses.
Look, listen, smell, feel
c. Symptoms: A sensation that the casualty
experiences E.G is there pain? What type of
pain? Nausea dizziness, coldness

9. 2. ASSESSMENT
Ask details of the injury or illness, any
care that may have already been given,
and pre-existing conditions such as
diabetes or heart trouble.
 One method for evaluating a victim’s
condition is known by the acronym ABC

10. ABC
A = Airway - Ensure airway to lungs is open
B = Breathing – check of sign of breathing.
How? – Look, listen and feel for breathing
C = Circulation – is there any pulse/ Is the
person bleeding externally?
How? Check skin color and temperature for
additional indications of circulation problems.

11. 3. CONTROL
Steps to control or prevent :
How to Stop Bleeding
Control of bleeding is one of the most
important things you can do to save a
trauma victim. Use direct pressure on a
wound before trying any other method
of managing bleeding.

12. 3. CONTROL
How to Treat Shock
Shock, a loss of blood flow to the body,
frequently follows physical and occasionally
psychological trauma.
A person - in shock will frequently have cool,
clammy skin, be agitated or have an altered
mental status, and have pale color to the skin
around the face and lips.
Untreated, shock can be fatal. Anyone who has
suffered a severe injury or life-threatening
situation is at risk for shock.

13. 3. CONTROL
How to Treats Burns
Treat first and second degree burns by immersing
or fleshing with cool water (no ice).
Don’t use creams, butter or other ointments, and
do not pop blisters.
Third degree burns should be covered with a damp
cloth. Remove clothing and jewelry from the burn,
but do not try to remove charred clothing that is
stuck to burns.

14. 3. CONTROL
Treat a Concussion
If the victim has suffered a blow to the
head, look for signs of concussion.
Common symptoms are: loss of
consciousness following the injury,
disorientation or memory impairment,
nausea, and lethargy.

15. 3. CONTROL
How to Treat a Spinal Injury Victim
If you suspect a spinal injury, it is
especially critical that you not move the
victim’s head, neck or back (Unless they
are in immediate danger). You also need
to take special care when performing
rescue breathing or CPR.

16. FIRST AID IN A WORKPLACE
The following factors should be considered:
• Type of industry
• Number of workers
• Number of work shifts
• Physical layout of workplace
• Location of workplace and status of
infra-structure in relation to the nearest
medical clinic or hospital.

17. FIRST AID BOX
 Should be available in the office and kept fully
stocked.
 Someone should be appointed to look after it.
 Made of sturdy material and be portable
 Clearly marked with a green crescent on a white
background.
 Clearly identifiable, well illuminated and
accessible location.
 Contain a sufficient quantity of suitable first-aid
materials.

18. FIRST AID ROOM
DESIGN
 Provided where there are more than 150 employees.
 Large enough to hold a couch and still have space for
people to move about.
 Lighting in the room.
 Material which does not collect dust and is easily
cleaned.
 Floors should be of non-slip material.
 Privacy must be ensured.
 Temperature and humidity at a comfortable level.
 Clearly identified as a first-aid room by means of a
sign.

19. FIRST AID ROOM
LOCATION
Proximity to toilets
Proximity to lifts and main passageways
which are wide enough to allow a stretcher,
wheelchair or carrying chair through
Accessibility to work areas
Accessibility to car park, so as to facilitate
transfer of injured persons to an Ambulance

20. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 1)
Who should attend the training:
Safety Managers and Personnel
Security Managers and Personnel
Human Resource Managers and Personnel
Safety and Health Committee Members
Emergency Response Team Members
All levels of employees and interested
individuals

21. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 1)
Example of basic first aids training contents:
Providing first aid to victims of injury or
sudden illness at anywhere, anytime and
anyplace.
Disseminate knowledge on International
Humanitarian Law to the community.
How to create safety awareness at home,
workplace
Healthy lifestyle and habits to prevent
hazard and injury

22. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 2)
To provide information and expose
employees to hazards at the workplace,
ways to identify and overcome hazards,
and
To enable workers to understand their
responsibilities under the Occupational
Safety & Health Act (OSHA) 1994.

23. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 2)
Who should attend the training :
All employee especially who are exposed to
hazard
First Aider
Training contents:
Principles of first aid
Wound, Bleeding and Shock
Burn and Scald
Fractures and dislocated
CPR

24. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 3)
The important of occupational first aid
training:
 To increase awareness of possible
accidents,
 Identify accidents with casualties and
 Optimize health and performance at the
workplace.

25. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 3)
Example of workplace training contents :
Prevention of infection when giving first
aid
Medications
Pain management
Trauma management
Basic anatomy (body systems)
Clinical assessment, Etc

26. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 3)
Who should attend the training:
Particularlysuitable for the first aider in
larger organizations who are employed as
the occupational first aider, or
In charge of a first aid room.