1. Ayesha, Farwa, Iram, Samreen
1Clauses
Definition of Sentence:
i
Sentence is made up of
different words combined
into a pattern that expresses a
complete thought”. When written, it
begins with a capital letter and ends
with a period, a question mark, or an
exclamation mark. In its simplest
form this complete statement is also
called an independent clause or a
simple sentence. All the above
examples are of sentences.
Sentence Fragment:
A group of words which does convey
some meaning but does not express a
complete thought is called a sentence
fragment. Fragments are incomplete
sentences. Usually, they are pieces of
sentences that have become
disconnected from the main clause.
Examples:
i. in the morning
ii. over the window
iii. my younger brother
iv. the rose
v. wet by rain
vi. is a soldier
vii. works day in and day out
A
Sentence
The Sentence ___ a complete thought
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2. Ayesha, Farwa, Iram, Samreen
2Clauses
There are five kinds of sentences: declarative, interrogative, imperative,
exclamatory, and Optative.
1. ii
A declarative sentence makes a statement. It tells something. A full stop is
used after this kind of sentence.
i. My brother is a soldier.
ii. Hassan has not come today.
2. An interrogative sentence asks a question. A question mark is used after
this kind of sentence.
i. Do you know how to wash a carpet?
ii. What are you doing nowadays?
3. An imperative sentence makes a command or requests someone to do
something. This kind of sentence usually ends with a period.
1 A sentence has five kinds. (Declarative)
2 Do you know these kinds? (Interrogative)
3 Study them carefully. (Imperative)
4 How easy these kinds are! (Exclamatory)
5 May you live long! (Optative)
Types of
Sentences

3. Ayesha, Farwa, Iram, Samreen
3Clauses
i. Give me that book
ii. Please help yourself to find a dish.
4. An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings. An exclamation mark
is used at the end of this kind of sentence.
i. The mangoes tasted great!
ii. What a beautiful sight it is!
5. Optative sentence expresses wishes:
i. May you live long and happy life together!
ii. Peace be upon him!
Note: Following are some exercises related to clauses and sentences
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4. Ayesha, Farwa, Iram, Samreen
4Clauses
Clauses and Phrases Worksheet
I. Put (parentheses) around the phrase or phrases in each sentence:
*** phrases often start with prepositions and have an object
*** phrases can show you what a plane does to a cloud
*** phrases can go wherever a rabbit (or a squirrel) can go
*** phrases DO NOT have a subject or a verb!
1. The old man ran across the long, high bridge away from the monsters.
2. For many years he has been the football coach in our town.
3. Without a partner, the boy in the cool shirt could not enter the dance competition.
4. From the north came a freezing rain after the snowstorm.
5. We paddled our canoe slowly against the fast-moving current in the river.
6. Jazz, rock, and dance bands specialize in different musical forms.
7. Centuries ago musicians entertained in castles and great houses.
8. Some nobles maintained their own bands of musicians.
9. In the 1500’s, towns formed their own bands.
10. These bands remained popular in Europe and the Americas.
11. Radios and recorded music have put town bands out of business.
12. In Mexico town bands still entertain the citizens.
13. They play marimbas, instruments like xylophones.
14. In the West Indies, steel-drum bands are popular.
15. Their instruments are made from steel oil drums or barrels.

5. Ayesha, Farwa, Iram, Samreen
5Clauses

6. Ayesha, Farwa, Iram, Samreen
6Clauses
16. Bagpipe bands are especially popular in Scotland.
17. Marching bands dress in fancy uniforms.
18. The drum major, with a tall hat and a baton, leads the band.
19. These bands often march in complex formations.
20. People of all ages usually enjoy band music
21.
22.
i
A sentence represents an eventuality….
ii
Declarative sentence is also called statement or assertive sentence….