Cerutti--ECSQARU 2009

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Federico Cerutti

Talk at ECSQARU 2009

Noticias y política

University of Brescia
Dipartimento di Elettronica per l'Automazione
Knowledge Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction Research Group
© 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Encompassing Attacks toEncompassing Attacks to
Attacks in AbstractAttacks in Abstract
Argumentation FrameworksArgumentation Frameworks
Pietro Baroni, Federico Cerutti, Massimiliano Giacomin and Giovanni GuidaPietro Baroni, Federico Cerutti, Massimiliano Giacomin and Giovanni Guida

Slide 2 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Summary
 Introduction by example
 Formalization
 Relationship with Dung's Argumentation Framework
 Comparison with other approaches
 Conclusion and future works

© 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Introduction by exampleIntroduction by example
➢ Formalization
➢ Relationship with Dung's Argumentation Framework
➢ Comparison with other approaches
➢ Conclusion and future works

Slide 4 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Example (1)
 Simple decision support problem
 Bob's holidays plan
 Two possible choices:
 Gstaad
 Cuba
 Preferences among the possible choices
 Exception to the preference's general rule

Slide 5 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Example (2)
There is a last minute offer
for Gstaad →
I should go to Gstaad
GG
If I go to Cuba, I can not
go to Gstaad
There is a last minute offer
for Cuba →
I should go to Cuba
CC

Slide 6 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Example (3)
GG
PP
CC
When it is possible, I prefer
to go to a ski resort
According to this preference,
the possible choice for Cuba can
not attack the one for Gstaad

Slide 7 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Example (4)
GG
PP
CC
The preference about
skiing does not apply
in the current situation
NN
Since there were no snowfalls in
Gstaad since a month, it is not
possible to go to ski in Gstaad.

Slide 8 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Example (5)
GG
PP
CC
AA NN
It is possible to ski in Gstaad
thanks to artificial snow

© 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
FormalizationFormalization
➢ Introduction by example
➢ Relationship with Dung's Argumentation Framework
➢ Comparison with other approaches
➢ Conclusion and future works

Slide 10 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Argumentation Framework with
Recoursive Attacks (AFRA)

Slide 11 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Formalization of the example (1)
GG
PP
CC
AA NN
d
a
b
g
e

Slide 12 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Defeat relation

Slide 13 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Formalization of the example (2)
GG
PP
CC
AA NN
d
a
b
g
e

Slide 14 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Admissibility

Slide 15 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Fundamental lemma and
preferred extension

Slide 16 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
GG
PP
CC
AA NN
d
a
b
g
e
Formalization of the example (3)

© 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Relationship with Dung's Relationship with Dung's
Argumentation FrameworkArgumentation Framework
➢ Introduction by example
➢ Formalization
➢ Comparison with other approaches
➢ Conclusion and future works

Slide 18 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Correspondence between AFRA
and AF (1)
AA
BB
aa
bb
CC
AA
BBbb
aa
CC
gg
gg

Slide 19 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Correspondence in the example
GG
ee
PP
CC
AA NN
gg
dd
aa
bb
GG
PP
CC
AA NN
d
a
b
g
e

Slide 20 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Correspondence between AFRA
and AF (2)

Slide 21 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
GG
ee
PP
CC
AA NN
gg
dd
aa
bb
Correspondence in the example:
The Preferred Extension
GG
PP
CC
AA NN
d
a
b
g
e

© 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Comparison with other Comparison with other
approachesapproaches
➢ Introduction by example
➢ Formalization
➢ Relationship with Dung's Argumentation Framework
➢ Conclusion and future works

Slide 23 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Argumentation attack model
 Modelling the strength of nodes and attacks with
propagation
 Argumentation attack model [Barringer et al, 2005]
 Recursive definition of “torpedoes”, or attacks,
similarly as AFRA attacks
 Focus on attack network and its numerical valuation
 Dung style semantics issues not considered

Slide 24 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
The EAF formalism
 Reasoning about preferences/values can be
formalized through attacks to attacks
 Extended Argumentation Framework [Modgil,
2007;2009]
 Specific assumptions:
 A limited level of recursion
 A constraint on some attacks to be symmetric (when the
involved arguments represent conflicting preferences)
 In the paper we have considered a possible extension
of EAF aimed at overcoming these restrictions

Slide 25 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Higher-order AF
 Reasoning about coalitions
 Model of attacks to attacks as an instance of Dung's
Argumentation Framework
 Proposal of a “second order argumentation
framework” with some constraints like EAF
 Proposal of a “higher order argumentation
framework” without such constraints [Boella et al,
2009]

© 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Conclusion and future Conclusion and future
worksworks
➢ Introduction by example
➢ Formalization
➢ Relationship with Dung's Argumentation Framework
➢ Comparison with other approaches

Slide 27 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it>
Conclusion and future works
 Preliminary investigation about AFRA
 Generalization of Dung's Argumentation Framework
 Attacks to attacks recursively encompassed without
restriction
 Focus on decision support context
 Future works:
 Enlarging the theoretical bases of AFRA
 Investigating the definition of argumentation semantics in
this context

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1. University of Brescia Dipartimento di Elettronica per l'Automazione Knowledge Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction Research Group © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Encompassing Attacks toEncompassing Attacks to Attacks in AbstractAttacks in Abstract Argumentation FrameworksArgumentation Frameworks Pietro Baroni, Federico Cerutti, Massimiliano Giacomin and Giovanni GuidaPietro Baroni, Federico Cerutti, Massimiliano Giacomin and Giovanni Guida

2. Slide 2 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Summary  Introduction by example  Formalization  Relationship with Dung's Argumentation Framework  Comparison with other approaches  Conclusion and future works

3. © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Introduction by exampleIntroduction by example ➢ Formalization ➢ Relationship with Dung's Argumentation Framework ➢ Comparison with other approaches ➢ Conclusion and future works

4. Slide 4 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Example (1)  Simple decision support problem  Bob's holidays plan  Two possible choices:  Gstaad  Cuba  Preferences among the possible choices  Exception to the preference's general rule

5. Slide 5 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Example (2) There is a last minute offer for Gstaad → I should go to Gstaad GG If I go to Cuba, I can not go to Gstaad There is a last minute offer for Cuba → I should go to Cuba CC

6. Slide 6 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Example (3) GG PP CC When it is possible, I prefer to go to a ski resort According to this preference, the possible choice for Cuba can not attack the one for Gstaad

7. Slide 7 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Example (4) GG PP CC The preference about skiing does not apply in the current situation NN Since there were no snowfalls in Gstaad since a month, it is not possible to go to ski in Gstaad.

9. © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> FormalizationFormalization ➢ Introduction by example ➢ Relationship with Dung's Argumentation Framework ➢ Comparison with other approaches ➢ Conclusion and future works

17. © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Relationship with Dung's Relationship with Dung's Argumentation FrameworkArgumentation Framework ➢ Introduction by example ➢ Formalization ➢ Comparison with other approaches ➢ Conclusion and future works

22. © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Comparison with other Comparison with other approachesapproaches ➢ Introduction by example ➢ Formalization ➢ Relationship with Dung's Argumentation Framework ➢ Conclusion and future works

23. Slide 23 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Argumentation attack model  Modelling the strength of nodes and attacks with propagation  Argumentation attack model [Barringer et al, 2005]  Recursive definition of “torpedoes”, or attacks, similarly as AFRA attacks  Focus on attack network and its numerical valuation  Dung style semantics issues not considered

24. Slide 24 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> The EAF formalism  Reasoning about preferences/values can be formalized through attacks to attacks  Extended Argumentation Framework [Modgil, 2007;2009]  Specific assumptions:  A limited level of recursion  A constraint on some attacks to be symmetric (when the involved arguments represent conflicting preferences)  In the paper we have considered a possible extension of EAF aimed at overcoming these restrictions

25. Slide 25 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Higher-order AF  Reasoning about coalitions  Model of attacks to attacks as an instance of Dung's Argumentation Framework  Proposal of a “second order argumentation framework” with some constraints like EAF  Proposal of a “higher order argumentation framework” without such constraints [Boella et al, 2009]

26. © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Conclusion and future Conclusion and future worksworks ➢ Introduction by example ➢ Formalization ➢ Relationship with Dung's Argumentation Framework ➢ Comparison with other approaches

27. Slide 27 © 2009 Federico Cerutti <federico.cerutti@ing.unibs.it> Conclusion and future works  Preliminary investigation about AFRA  Generalization of Dung's Argumentation Framework  Attacks to attacks recursively encompassed without restriction  Focus on decision support context  Future works:  Enlarging the theoretical bases of AFRA  Investigating the definition of argumentation semantics in this context

Cerutti--ECSQARU 2009

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Cerutti--ECSQARU 2009