1. FOREST FIRE in INDONESIA:
REVIEW AND EFFORTS (based on Riau Case)
By:
Director of Forest Fire Control
DG. Forest Protection and Nature Conservation, MoF
Workshop on Fire, Haze and Landscape
Borobudur Hotel, Jakarta. January 29, 2014.
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2. OVERVIEW

3. FACTS
• Forest fire occurs every years, repeatedly.
• First El Nino period (1982-1983) reported as a trigger
the biggest forest fire occurence in East Kalimantan: 3,6
million ha burnt area.
• Burnt area (approx.):
– 1987: 0.3 million Ha
– 1991: > 0.5 million Ha
– 1994: ~ 5 million Ha
– 1997/1998: > 5 million Ha
(Source: UNDP, 1998)

4. •
•
•
Periodically, big fires occure every 5 to 15 years starting from
1982/83, 85/86, 1991, 1994, 1997/1998, 2002/2003, and
2012
Total burnt area 1997/1998: 11,7 million Ha (BappenasADB, 1999).
Peatland forest fire occurred in 1997/1998 emit 156.3 million
tons of carbon (Tacconi, 2003).

5. •
Almost 99 % forest and land fire caused by human activities
(including: land preparation).
• Peat-land become a new issues in terms of forest fire and
climate change.
• Riau has the largest area of peat-land in Sumatera
( 4 million Ha).
• President of Republic Indonesia has committed to reduce the
carbon emission up to 26 % in the 2020

6. Condition
• Provincial Spatial Plan (RTRWP) has not been defined.
• Slash and Burn agriculture (cheap, quick, easy).
• Mostly, land tenure occupied by corporation
(plantation forest and oil-palm plantation).
• Peat-land area: 4 million Ha.
• Lack of law enforcement.
• High population growth.
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7. Forest Area by Function in Riau Province
Function
Protected Forest
Conservation Forest
Production Forest
Non Forest
Mangrove
Total
Source:
Riau Forestry Services , 2013.
DG. Planology, MoF, 2013.
Area (Ha)
Percentage (%)
208.910
628.638
2,31
6,96
4.590.698
3.489.331
119.260
50,80
38,61
1,32
9.036.835
100

8. Fire and Haze Season in Indonesia
First Season: February – March
(North/South Sumatra, Riau, Jambi)
Second Season: June - September
(Whole of Sumatera and Kalimantan)

9. Fire Pattern in Indonesia
Peat land Fire Region – Open
Burning Practices
Ground Wildfire Region

10. INDICATORS

11. KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
1. The hotspot numbers on Island of Kalimantan,
Sumatra and Sulawesi are decreased until 20%
per-year compared with average number of
hotspots in 2005-2009 (58.890 hotspots).
2. The burnt forest areas are reduced until 50% in
5 years compared to average condition in 20052009 (12,300 Ha).
3. The capacity building of the government
institution and community in 30 operational
areas (10 Provinces).
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12. HOTSPOTS REDUCTION TARGET
Hotspots Average
2005-2009
58.890
Hotspots were
counted
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
20%
36%
48,8%
59,2%
67,2
47.112
37.690
30.152
24.027
19.316
9.382
25.922
32.323
19.353
?
Source: NOAA18
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13. HOTSPOT IN INDONESIA (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013)
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Jan-Feb
Jan-Mar
Jan-Apr
Jan-Mei
Jan-Juni
Jan-Juli
243
800
1,363
1,601
2,020
2,392
2,784
4,105
5,966
8,749
9,413
9,880
384
1,258
1,780
2,625
3,738
5,757
9,498
18,707
25,979
27,763
28,249
28,474
2012
996
1,675
2,821
3,812
4,852
9,050
12,587
21,028
31,171
34,216
34,598
34,789
2013
519
1,153
2,771
3,318
4,206
7,066
8,852
12,859
16,130
18,874
19,211
19,353
2010
2011
Jan-Jan
Jan-Agust
Jan-Sept
Jan-Okt
Jan-Nov
Jan-Des

14. TREND OF HOTSPOT BY MONTHLY IN INDONESIA
(2010, 2011, 2012, 2013)
12,000
10,000
Jumlah Hotspot
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
2010 ( 9.880 hotspot)
Mei
243
557
563
238
419
2011 ( 28.474 hotspot)
384
874
522
845
1,113
2012 ( 34.789 hotspot)
996
679
1,146
991
1,040
2013 ( 19.353 hotspot)
519
634
1,618
547
888
Juni
Juli
Agust
Sept
Okt
Nov
Des
372
392
1,321
1,861
2,783
664
467
2,019
3,741
9,209
7,272
1,784
486
225
4,198
3,537
8,441
10,143
3,045
382
191
2,860
1,786
4,007
3,271
2,744
337
142

15. Hotspot in Riau Province based on Land Use
Year
Land Use
2010
2011
2012
2013
Conservation Area
49
50
232
262
Natural Forest
(IUPHHK-HA)
90
181
294
244
Planted Forest
(IUPHHK-HT)
395
819
1.059
1.077
Protected Forest
47
126
271
234
Plantation
121
263
337
417
1.005
2.097
2.493
2.948
1.707
3.536
4.686
5.182
Land/Others use
JUMLAH
Source: MoF

16. Hotspot per Regency (Kabupaten) in Riau 2010-2013
SIAK
ROKAN HULU
ROKAN HILIR
PELALAWAN
KUANTAN SINGINGI
2013
KOTA PEKANBARU
2012
KEPULAUAN MERANTI
2011
2010
KAMPAR
INDRAGIRI HULU
INDRAGIRI HILIR
DUMAI
BENGKALIS
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200

17. EFFORTS

18. PREVENTION
1. Conduct a consolidation, socialization, counseling, and
inspection up to local area.
2. Socialisation of Presidential Instruction Number
16/2011 concerning Forest and Land Fire Control
Improvement.
3. Dissemination of Fire Danger Rating System (FDRS).
4. Community Involvement/Empowering Program through
Conservation Village Model, Providing Local Fire
Leaders (MPA).
5. Implementation of Zero Burning.
6. Routine patrolling by the Manggala
Agni, stakeholder, and Local Fire Leaders.
7. Fire Risk Reduction through the development fire
break, green belt, fuel management

19. EARLY WARNING, DETECTION AND SUPPRESSION
1. Actived National FDRS by BMKG
2. Routine Inspection to Local Fire Center/DAOPS
3. Daily Hotspot Monitoring and Dissemination
(more than 1.000 members of SiPongi Mailing
List: government, provincial and
regency, NGO, other stakeholders )
4. Ground-check by Forest Fire Brigade of
Manggala Agni and other related fire fighters.
5. Dispaching Manggala Agni to fire prone based
on FDRS; conduct initial-attack.
6. Conducting aerial suppression.
7. Technical assistance for fire suppression.
8. Mobilization plan.

20. Fire Danger Rating System

21. MANGGALA AGNI FIRE BRIGADE
Ministry of Forestry has built Manggala Agni Fire Brigade
in 10 provinces (33 Local Fire Center):
1. North Sumatera
2. Riau and Riau Island
3. Jambi
4. South Sumatera
5. West Kalimantan
6. Central Kalimantan
7. South Kalimantan
8. East Kalimantan
9 South Sulawesi
10 North Sulawesi
Total
: 12 groups
: 16 groups
: 14 groups
: 16 groups
: 16 groups
: 14 groups
: 12 groups
: 4 groups
: 8 groups
: 2 groups
: 117 groups
= 1.755 personnels

23. Manggala Agni in action: fire suppression, capacity building, cooperation with TNI

24. Manggala Agni’s head quarter
in West Kalimantan Province

25. NEED FOLLOW UP
 Awareness increasement for forest and land fire
management, and budget allocation planning (APBD, APBN).
 Implementation of President Instruction Number 16 Year 2011
describe on local regulation.
 Local Unit (SKPD) establishment which especially handle on
forest and land fire in regency/province which equipped by
human resources, infrastructures, and adequate budget.
 Law enforcement.
 Engagement of local fire leaders (MPA)
 Adequate forest fire controls infrastructures requirement for
timber company and plantation.
 Forest fire control infrastructures enhancement.
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