15. Reading is a multifaceted skill, gradually acquired over years of instruction and practice. The Many Strands that are Woven into Skilled Reading (Scarborough, 2001) Torgesen, J.K. Meeting the Instructional Needs of Students with Reading Disabilities: Issues in Prevention and Remediation . Presented at meetings of the Council for Exceptional Children, Charleston, South Carolina, January, 2005 BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE LANGUAGE STRUCTURES VERBAL REASONING LITERACY KNOWLEDGE PHONEMIC AWARENESS DECODING (and SPELLING) SIGHT RECOGNITION SKILLED READING: fluent execution and coordination of word recognition and text comprehension. LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION WORD RECOGNITION increasingly automatic increasingly strategic
21. Oral language comprehension is a good predictor of reading comprehension. (Carroll, 1977; Ladd, 1970; Stanovich, Cunningham & Freeman, 1984) Listening comprehension is more related to reading ability than intelligence (Aaron, 1991; Durrell & Hayes, 1969; Spring & French, 1990; Wood, Buckhalf &Tomlin, 1988). Language
59. Basic Reading Skills Phonics is . . . a system that utilizes the sounds of spoken language and the letters and patterns of written language (FLaRE, ). Includes written symbols (letters) and their corresponding sounds (phonemes).
64. Basic Reading Skills Word Attack Using Word Attack skills, students can read unknown words by examining the individual letters and sounds and perhaps making associations with known letters or words (Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children).
71. Basic Reading Skills Phonological Awareness is . . . The understanding that speech is composed of sub-parts Sentences are comprised of words, words are comprised of syllables, syllables are comprised of onsets and rimes, and can be further broken down to phonemes (SEDL).
76. Basic Reading Skills Phonemic Awareness is . . . the ability to notice, mentally grab hold of, and manipulate the individual phonemes within speech (Yopp & Yopp, 2000).
79. Basic Reading Skills Syllables are . . . a unit of spoken language that can be spoken. In English, a syllable can consist of a vowel sound alone or a vowel sound with one or more consonant sounds preceding and following (Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children). The division of words into its basic units of pronunciation.
82. Basic Reading Skills Rhyming is . . . sharing identical or at least similar medial and final phonemes in the final syllable. Words can rhyme without sharing similar orthography such as ‘suite’ and ‘meet’ (SEDL).
91. DIBELS Additional testing probes and instructions for use are available for free download at http://dibels.uoregon.edu/measures.php Cool Tools Testing materials are available for free download at http://projectcentral.ucf.edu/Free%20Products/Instructional%20Resources/links.html
92.
93. Joe Smith – First Grade DX of ADHD History of Oppositional Bx Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation (GRADE) Reading Comp = 97SS *Negated due to test administration error Completing a reading assessment
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