1. Future Policies and Services –
Electric Mobility and Demand Response
J. A. Peças Lopes (jpl@fe.up.pt)

2. 1. Introduction

2
Source: wikipedia.org

Production of electricity from renewable power sources will
continue growing
This generation is characterised by a variability characteristic
The climatic changes will require a change in the mobility
paradigm through a progressive integration of EV in existing
fleets
Source: wikipedia.org


3. 1. Introduction
Deployment of electric mobility only makes sense if renewable
power sources will feed EV batteries
Distributed generation and self generation is gaining
importance


The variability of the renewable generation requires flexibility
in the power system  load flexibility mainly

3
Impacts from Large Scale Deployment of Electric Vehicles
F. J. Soares

4. 2. The Electric Mobility Paradigm
 Controlled EV charging (and V2G) might be used to “shape” the power
demand, avoiding very high peak loads and energy losses
 EV storage capability might be used to avoid wasting “clean” energy
(wind/PV) in systems with high renewables integration
During the periods when renewable power available
is higher than the consumption
 Isolated networks might improve their robustness and safely accommodate a
larger quantity of intermittent renewable energy sources
If EV batteries are efficiently exploited as storage devices
and used to mitigate frequency oscillations
4

5. 3. Framework for EV Integration into Power Systems
Data flow between the aggregators and the “flexible EV” – Smart charging
adherents - and other flexible loads (thermal loads)

Intra-day Markets
Bids for selling the excess of energy or
for buying extra energy.
Aggregator
Broadcast of information related with
billing, tariffs and set-points related
with charging rates and provision of
ancillary services.
Smart
Meter
µG
EV is plugged-in and its owner
defines the time of disconnection
and the required battery SOC.
µG
Storage
EV Charger
5
EV
Moment of connection: bus where
the EV is plugged-in, period during
which the EV will be connected to
the grid, required battery SOC in
the end of the charging period and
maximum/minimum power rates
of the charging point. Each time
interval of 15 min: battery SOC.

6. 4. Policy Implications
The successful implementation of the electric mobility
paradigm will require:

1.
2.
Policies to incentivize the users adherence to controlled EV
charging schemes
3.
Policies related with the physical implementation of the
concepts
4.
6
Policies to incentivize the acquisition EV
Regulation policies for the activities related with the EV
charging

7. 4. Policy Implications
Policies to incentivize the acquisition EV:
1.

These policies should be implemented by the governments. Some
possible examples:


Direct incentives for buying EV (difficult to adopt in the present situation)

Reduction of the “vehicle tax” for EV owners

Free parking facilities for EV in city centers

Allow the EV access to areas restricted to conventional vehicles

7
Tax reduction in the acquisition of an EV
Allow EV to drive in “bus only lanes”

8. 4. Policy Implications
Policies to incentivize the users adherence to controlled
EV charging schemes and active load management:
2.

These policies should be implemented by aggregators. Some
possible examples:


Recompense EV owners and consumers that are willing to provide
system services (e.g. voltage and frequency control)

8
Provide energy at lower prices to the EV owners that adhere to
smart charging ,V2G, and active load management
Provide recompenses to increase the EV owners’ and consumers
flexibility

9. 4. Policy Implications
Policies related with the physical implementation of the concepts:
3.
(strongly interrelated with the development of the Smart Grid concept)

These policies should be implemented by the entities in charge of
regulating the electricity distribution sector. Some possible examples:


Policies related with the EV charging equipment (technical specifications of the
private and public charging equipment, users safety and protection, etc.)

Policies related with the implementation of the communication infrastructure used
to support the smart metering and the EV charging management activities and
active load management

Policies related with the deployment of the equipment required to monitor the
networks’ operating conditions (equipment owned by the DSO)

9
Policies related with the smart meters deployment
Policies related with the deployment of the equipment required to manage the EV
charging (equipment owned by the aggregators and/or by the DSO)

10. 4. Policy Implications
Regulatory policies for the activities related with the EV
charging control of flexible loads:
4.

These policies should be implemented by the entities in charge
of regulating the electricity distribution sector. Some possible
examples:


Policies to regulate the interactions between aggregators and system
operators, including the data they need to exchange

Policies to regulate the aggregators/system operators access to the
communication infrastructure

10
Data protection policies
Policies to regulate the aggregators participation in the electricity
markets