The document discusses open educational resources (OER) including: 1) OER aim to improve access to learning opportunities by sharing knowledge and resources freely. 2) They include a variety of materials like curricula, lectures, images, videos and tools that can be reused and adapted. 3) Advantages of OER include free access, encouragement of innovation, lower costs, and contribution to the global education community.

1. Open Educational Resources
Gabriel Abad
United World College of South East Asia

2. MIT OpenCourseWare

3. MIT OpenCourseWare/2
• To date, MIT has published 1900 courses
online, and they are being accessed by more
than one million users every month (MIT
OpenCourseWare, n.d.).

4. The Copyright Paradox

5. The Copyright Paradox
• Copyright can be a barrier to sharing
knowledge and resources,

6. The Copyright Paradox
• Copyright can be a barrier to sharing
knowledge and resources,
• but it can also be an enabler to achieve the
aims and objectives of the OER movement.

7. The Copyright Paradox/2
• Most OER have copyright licenses that are
purposefully designed to give you permission
to download, alter, and share them, OER
provide an exciting opportunity to create and
share educational materials in your classroom,
with your colleagues, and with the world at
large.

8. The Cathedral and the Bazaar

9. Defining OER
• The term “Open Educational
Resource(s)” (OER) refers to educational
resources (lesson plans, quizzes, syllabi,
instructional modules, simulations, etc.) that
are freely available for use, reuse, adaptation,
and sharing.

10. Defining OER/2
• Most definitions of the term include
• content,
• software tools,
• licenses,
• and best practices.

11. This Presentation is Based on
an OER!

12. This Presentation is Based on
an OER ...
that makes the most of digital media!

13. Wikipedia

14. OER Aims
• The aim of OER is to improve access to
learning opportunities by sharing knowledge
and learning resources.

15. OER Aims
• The aim of OER is to improve access to
learning opportunities by sharing knowledge
and learning resources.

16. Types of OER

17. Types of OER
• Curricula,

18. Types of OER
• Curricula,
• Lecture-based and other forms of didactic
learning resources for educators,

19. Types of OER
• Curricula,
• Lecture-based and other forms of didactic
learning resources for educators,
• Images, text, video, podcasts and screencasts

20. Types of OER
• Curricula,
• Lecture-based and other forms of didactic
learning resources for educators,
• Images, text, video, podcasts and screencasts
• all of them by and for both educators and
learners.

21. The Value Proposition for OER

22. The Value Proposition for OER
• With OER you can, for example, browse
online photo galleries, select appropriately
licensed images, and use them to compose a
poster or other learning resource for your own
classroom.

23. The Value Proposition for OER
• With OER you can, for example, browse
online photo galleries, select appropriately
licensed images, and use them to compose a
poster or other learning resource for your own
classroom.
• The result may be shared similarly, as an OER,
for others to use in their own learning design
without having to ask for permission.

24. Advantages of OER

25. Advantages of OER
• OER provide freedom of access for both
yourself and others.

26. Advantages of OER
• OER provide freedom of access for both
yourself and others.
• Because you can freely adapt them, OER
encourage pedagogical innovation.

27. Advantages of OER
• OER provide freedom of access for both
yourself and others.
• Because you can freely adapt them, OER
encourage pedagogical innovation.
• Because OER are available free of charge,
using them can lower costs to students and
organizations.

28. Advantages of OER/2

29. Advantages of OER/2
• You and your organization may benefit from
potential publicity.

30. Advantages of OER/2
• You and your organization may benefit from
potential publicity.
• When you share OER, you are contributing to
the global education community.

31. Advantages of OER/2
• You and your organization may benefit from
potential publicity.
• When you share OER, you are contributing to
the global education community.
• When you share OER, you open a new
method of collaborating with your students
and colleagues.

32. Advantages of OER/3

33. Advantages of OER/3
• Your OER may be helpful to future educators.

34. Advantages of OER/3
• Your OER may be helpful to future educators.
• Your OER may be beneficial to undeserved
individuals in the developed and developing
world.

35. Advantages of OER/3
• Your OER may be helpful to future educators.
• Your OER may be beneficial to undeserved
individuals in the developed and developing
world.
• Using OER puts you in control and avoids
“vendor lock-in” or a situation in which you
can only use one company’s products.

36. Advantages of OER/4
• OER are represented in standard formats that
can be edited and manipulated with free
software for a wide variety of reasons
including file conversion for access on
different media (e.g., on paper, CD/DVD, via
mobile devices, in multimedia presentations),
re-purposing for various language and
educational levels, etc.

37. OER Life Cycle

38. OER Life Cycle
• Find

39. OER Life Cycle
• Find
• Compose

40. OER Life Cycle
• Find
• Compose
• Adapt

41. OER Life Cycle
• Find
• Compose
• Adapt
• Use

42. OER Life Cycle
• Find
• Compose
• Adapt
• Use
• Share

43. Time to Find OERs!

44. Find
• Before venturing out and surfing the ocean of
educational resources on the Internet, take a
good look around at home and at the office
for existing lesson plans, visual aids,
handouts, and multimedia resources
developed over the years and stored on
backup disks or in folders, desk drawers, or
filing cabinets.

45. Find/2

46. Find/2
• These resources have the advantage of
having been designed for the context in which
they were to be used, and some may have
stood the test of time in the classroom.

47. Find/2
• These resources have the advantage of
having been designed for the context in which
they were to be used, and some may have
stood the test of time in the classroom.
• The resources found may meet the need, or
they may be the beginning of an open
educational resource. The next step is to find
additional resources to expand and complete
the needed resource.

48. Find/3: Specialized Search
Engines
• ARIADNE, Creative Commons Search,
Commonwealth of Learning Knowledge
Finder, Federal Resources for Educational
Excellence, Learning Objects.net, MERLOT,
OpenCourseWare Finder, OER Recommender,
OER Commons, Universal Education Search...

49. Find/4: Tips for Effective Search

50. Find/4: Tips for Effective Search
• AND, NOT, OR

51. Find/4: Tips for Effective Search
• AND, NOT, OR
• Example:

52. Find/4: Tips for Effective Search
• AND, NOT, OR
• Example:
• apple AND fruit NOT macintosh NOT mac
NOT computer

53. Find/4: Tips for Effective Search
• AND, NOT, OR
• Example:
• apple AND fruit NOT macintosh NOT mac
NOT computer
• apple +fruit -macintosh -mac -computer

54. Find/4A:
Specialized Search

55. Find/4B:
Specialized Search

56. Find/4C:
Specialized Search

57. Find/4D:
Specialized Search

58. Find/4E:
Specialized Search

59. Find/4F:
Specialized Search

60. Find/4: Specialized
Search Engines

61. Find/4: Specialized
Search Engines

62. Find now some OERs relevant
to your professional needs.

63. The Four Rs
CC By Sunshine Connelly.

64. Compose
• If you don't find ready-made resources that
are easily adapted for use in your situation,
then you may need to build some from
scratch.
• The easiest way to get started is to join in on
an existing project like Wikipedia or
Wikiversity. Even making small edits or
corrections adds (cumulative) value.

65. Compose/2
• These projects tend to attract subject experts
and some of the resources may lack the
pedagogical finesse of educators. Over time,
as you gain confidence in your OER
development skills, you can move on to
contributing larger sections or even starting
your own project.

66. Adapt (Revise and Remix)
• Adapting OER includes inserting and
removing components, changing the
sequence of learning activities, editing and
remixing images, text, audio and video, etc. to
suit the style of the educator and match the
requirements of the learners.

67. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/2

68. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/2
• To address a particular teaching style or
learning style

69. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/2
• To address a particular teaching style or
learning style
• To adapt for a different grade level

70. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/2
• To address a particular teaching style or
learning style
• To adapt for a different grade level
• To adapt for a different discipline

71. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/2
• To address a particular teaching style or
learning style
• To adapt for a different grade level
• To adapt for a different discipline
• To adjust for a different learning environment

72. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/2
• To address a particular teaching style or
learning style
• To adapt for a different grade level
• To adapt for a different discipline
• To adjust for a different learning environment
• To address diversity needs

73. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/2
• To address a particular teaching style or
learning style
• To adapt for a different grade level
• To adapt for a different discipline
• To adjust for a different learning environment
• To address diversity needs
• To address a cultural preference

74. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/3

75. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/3
• To support a specific pedagogical need

76. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/3
• To support a specific pedagogical need
• To address either a school or a district’s
standardized curriculum (ISKME, 2008)

77. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/4

78. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/4
• A teacher translates a web page about Queen
Elizabeth from English to French.

79. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/4
• A teacher translates a web page about Queen
Elizabeth from English to French.
• A teacher replaces pictures depicting Russian
children working on a water project with
images that are more familiar to her students
in Ghana.

80. Adapt (Revise and Remix)/4
• A teacher translates a web page about Queen
Elizabeth from English to French.
• A teacher replaces pictures depicting Russian
children working on a water project with
images that are more familiar to her students
in Ghana.
• A teacher changes some wording in a fourth
grade unit on spaceflight to make it better
suited for his third grade students.

81. Use (Learners)

82. Use (Learners)
• Learners can derive their own unique benefits
from using OER and promote their use
through

83. Use (Learners)
• Learners can derive their own unique benefits
from using OER and promote their use
through
• Sharing lecture notes (and audio recordings),
exam texts, and model answers with other
students (on public web-sites) can create
useful knowledge repositories that support
study efforts.

84. Use (Learners)/2

85. Use (Learners)/2
• Encouraging educators to use OER readings where
good alternatives to proprietary textbooks and
articles exist; and using Google Scholar to identify
open versions of closed materials.

86. Use (Learners)/2
• Encouraging educators to use OER readings where
good alternatives to proprietary textbooks and
articles exist; and using Google Scholar to identify
open versions of closed materials.
• Writing summaries of academic articles that are
read during course work, and sharing them with
peers on public websites to enable access to some
of the knowledge that would otherwise only be
available through closed journals and publications.

87. Use (Learners)/3

88. Use (Learners)/3
• Using social bookmarking and ranking tools to
evaluate usefulness of resources; building social
recommendation networks that make finding good
resources easier.

89. Use (Learners)/3
• Using social bookmarking and ranking tools to
evaluate usefulness of resources; building social
recommendation networks that make finding good
resources easier.
• Reviewing published OER can help potential
students determine which institution offers courses
that best fit their interests. Once enrolled, looking
through course descriptions helps them choose the
courses they want to take.

90. Use (Educators)/4

91. Use (Educators)/4
• Adapting and extending existing OER for a local
purpose.

92. Use (Educators)/4
• Adapting and extending existing OER for a local
purpose.
• Choosing OER as part of the readings to support a
growing international movement towards more and
higher quality OER.

93. Use (Educators)/4
• Adapting and extending existing OER for a local
purpose.
• Choosing OER as part of the readings to support a
growing international movement towards more and
higher quality OER.
• Publishing materials as OER by simply allowing
public access to online courses (if e-learning is used)
or archiving key materials on sites that offer free
hosting (for example, flickr.com for images,
www.slideshare.net for presentations, etc.)

94. Use (Educators)/5

95. Use (Educators)/5
• Sharing one's work in ways that makes it easy for
others to access it and collaborate on adding more
materials or examples.

96. Use (Educators)/5
• Sharing one's work in ways that makes it easy for
others to access it and collaborate on adding more
materials or examples.
• Translating the resources into other languages.

97. Use (Educators)/6

98. Use (Educators)/6
• Teaching in ways that encourage students to access
and produce OER, and assess the quality of online
resources.

99. Use (Educators)/6
• Teaching in ways that encourage students to access
and produce OER, and assess the quality of online
resources.
• Experimenting with peer-based assessment models
and reputation mechanisms familiar to the learners
from social networking and e-commerce sites (e.g.
rating each others' work based on five stars).

100. Share (Redistribute):
Third Party/1

101. Share (Redistribute):
Third Party/1
• One of the issues of self vs. third-party
publishing has to do with control. Typically
when placing an OER on a third-party website
you sacrifice some control.

102. Share (Redistribute):
Third Party/1
• One of the issues of self vs. third-party
publishing has to do with control. Typically
when placing an OER on a third-party website
you sacrifice some control.
• For example, as part of their terms of service
YouTube can place whatever ads they'd like
around a video.

103. Share (Redistribute):
Third Party/2

104. Share (Redistribute):
Third Party/2
• Others, like WikiEducator, allow for anyone with
an account to edit a page, even if they are not
directly affiliated with that project (although you
can always rollback a page to a previous state).

105. Share (Redistribute):
Third Party/2
• Others, like WikiEducator, allow for anyone with
an account to edit a page, even if they are not
directly affiliated with that project (although you
can always rollback a page to a previous state).
• Another disadvantage of third-party services is
that they can disappear, sometimes abruptly.
This disadvantage is less likely for well
established services like Flickr, though the
possibility always remains.

106. Share (Redistribute):
Self-Publishing

107. Share (Redistribute):
Self-Publishing
• Self-publishing gives you complete control over
the OER.

108. Share (Redistribute):
Self-Publishing
• Self-publishing gives you complete control over
the OER.
• However, self-publishing requires you to be
entirely responsible for all aspects of the OER
deployment.

109. Share (Redistribute):
Self-Publishing
• Self-publishing gives you complete control over
the OER.
• However, self-publishing requires you to be
entirely responsible for all aspects of the OER
deployment.
• Which method of distribution is right for you
depends on what you value and how you see
the OER being used. The decision also depends
on your technical skills and abilities.

110. License

111. License
• Copyright Clearance

112. License
• Copyright Clearance
• License Compatibility

113. License
• Copyright Clearance
• License Compatibility
• Creative Commons

114. Freedom!

115. Freedom!
• With OER you are free to

116. Freedom!
• With OER you are free to
• use,

117. Freedom!
• With OER you are free to
• use,
• adapt,

118. Freedom!
• With OER you are free to
• use,
• adapt,
• mix and share the resources,

119. Freedom!
• With OER you are free to
• use,
• adapt,
• mix and share the resources,
• and become part of this growing
community.

120. Thank you, and please reuse me,
remix me and reshare me!