1. GS1 for Smart Agriculture and
Food Safety System (농산물 코드 표준화)
Daeyoung Kim
June 27, 2014
Director of Auto-ID Lab at KAIST
Professor, Computer Science Department, KAIST
kimd@kaist.ac.kr http://resl.kaist.ac.kr http://autoidlabs.org
http://autoidlab.kaist.ac.kr http://oliot.org

2. Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
- Food Traceability System (Now)

3. 3
Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
- Food Traceability System (Now)

4. [1] Track & Tracing & Recall [2] Smart Agriculture (Sensors & Actuators)
[3] Global Access
[4] Processed
Foods [5] Smart Services &
BigData
(CASE II ) Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
- Food Traceability System (Future)

5. The Road to Internet of Things
Positioning Baseline Infrastructure

6. GS1 Philosophy and Internet of Things
Humans and things

7. GS1 a long time ago …

8. Home of Internet of Things
GS1 & Auto-ID Labs
In 1999, the Internet of Things" was first
coined by Kevin Ashton who cofounded
the Auto-ID Center at the MIT
Business Processes
and Applications
Software and Network
Hardware

9. GS1 Member Organizations

10. GS1 - Essentials

11. Regulation EU No 1169/2011
Food Information Regulation

12. Food Safety Modernization
Act (FSMA)
• Food Safety Modernization
Act(FSMA) was signed on January 4,
2011and aims to ensure the U.S.
food supply is safe by shifting the
focus from responding to
contamination to preventing it.
http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm247546.htm
Foodborne illness is a significant
burden
About 48 million (1 in 6 Americans)
get sick each year
128,000 are hospitalized
3,000 die

13. GS1 Standards &
Oliot Open Source Project
at Auto-ID Lab KAIST

14. GS1/EPCglobal Standards
• Integrating Data Carriers to Business Applications
• Enabled by code systems
• Global Product Classification (GPC)
• GS1 Keys
• Electronic Product Code (EPC)

15. GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- Global Product Classification (GPC)
• Global Product Classification (GPC)
– http://www.gs1.org/1/productssolutions/gdsn/gpc/browser/index.html
Category selection
Code for bananas classes with
different attribute

16. GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- GS1 Keys

17. • GTIN (Global Trade Item Number)
• The GTIN Family of Data Structures
UPC: Universal Product Code
EAN: European Article Number
UCC: Uniform Code Council
ITF: Interleaved Two of Five
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- GS1 Keys

18. • GRAI (Global Returnable Asset Identifier)
– used to identify returnable assets, re-usable packages, or transport
equipment, such as a tray, pallet, or beer keg.
– the asset being used for the purpose of tracking its location and
return.
– as part of a lease or rental system.
• GIAI (Global Individual Asset Identifier)
– e.g., office equipment, transport equipment, IT equipment, vehicles,
etc.
• GSRN (Global Service Relation Number)
– e.g., club membership, loyalty programmes, a patient in a hospital,
or employees
ECG measurement device (GRAI)
Surgical equipment (GIAI)
Membership ID (GSRN)
Patient ID in hospital
(GSRN)Surgical tools (GIAI)
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- GS1 Keys

19. • EPC
– universal identifier that provides a unique identity for any physical
object
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- Electronic Product Code (EPC)

20. • SGTIN (Serialized Global Trade Item Number)
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- Electronic Product Code (EPC)

21. • EPC Binary encoding
• EPC Tag URI
• EPC Pure Identity URI
• GS1 Element String
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- EPC Encodings
Examples of GTIN and Serial Number (SGTIN) in Different
Syntaxes

22. GS1/EPCglobal Standards
- Application Identifers

23. If catalog data indicate low risk product, governm
ent can release without inspection; if high-risk,
GS1US/FSMA (USA)
Global Catalog
(GDSN)
Product Supplier
Customs
Data
Product supplier au
thoritatively publis
hes product inform
ation
Government downloads publi
shed product information fro
m catalog
Government matchesGTIN with c
atalog info and makes admission
decision, ideally in advance, using
rich global data from catalog
1
2
3
4
Importer places theGTIN
for the product in the entr
y record and sends to Cust
oms
5
10005143 =Dolls/Soft Toys (Powered); Consumer
Lifestage = >3 YEARS & UP; Power Source = BATT
ERY; Target Gender = FEMALE; Type of Doll/Soft
Toy = BABY DOLL
Government Agency Inspection
Importer
GPC = 1000
5143
GPC DESCRIPT
ORS
GTIN= 123456
119121
ENTRY #
Line N
GTIN= 123456
119121

24. GS1 for Food Safety (Germany)

25. GS1 for Food Safety (New Zealand)

26. GS1 for Food Safety (Austrailia)
Standard Bar Code for Non-Retail Meat Product

27. GS1 for Food Safety (Taiwan)

28. • EPC global Architectural framework
GS1/EPCglobal Standards
GS1/EPCglobal Architectural Framework
Identification
& sensing
Data filtering
& grouping
Data store and
share
Item Discovery &
Information search
Frédéric Thiesse, Christian Floerkemeier, Mark Harrison, Florian Michahelles, Christof Roduner, "Technology, Standards, and Real-World Deployments of the EPC Network,
" IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 36-43, March-April 2009
Bar Code
Scanner
Output
GS1ElementString
0180614141123458216789

29. GS1/EPCglobal Standards
GS1/EPCglobal Architectural Framework
with Supply Chain Example
Applications
Manufacturer Distributor Retailer
Product info.
• Technical spec.
• Warranty spec.
• Instruction manual
• etc.
Product history
• Genuine or Imitation
• Freshness
• Where this is from?
• Etc.
Manufacturer
EPCIS server
Productquery
Korea
JapanChina
Taiwan
Australia
USA
Brazil
Switzerland
England
Object Name Service
(ONS) Server
ONS query
EPCIS
repository
F&C
middleware
Capturing Applications
DS query
Application
Real-time feedback
Smart
RFID
reader
Discovery Service (DS)

30. Object Name Service for Internet of Things
Manual Service
Object Name Service
(ONS)
manual
html
epcis
…

31. ONS 2.0 Architecture
ONS Application
GS1 ID AUS
ONS Client
FQDN NAPTR
Recursive
Name Server
EPCIS Server
ONS Peer Roots
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5) (6)
(7)
(8)
Federated ONS Architecture
ONS Query response
• ONS Query for ONS Query Responses for the domain name
• ONS Query Response contains a set of Naming Authority PoinTeR (NAPTR) Records
ONS Query
0.0.6.2.2.3.1.4.1.4.1.6.0.gtin.gs1.id.onsepc.com

32. Globally Federated ONS Peer Roots
Pilot Testbed Plan for Federated ONS
Korea
JapanChina
Taiwan
Australia
USA
Brazil
Switzerland
England
Sunchon
Univ.
GS1 Korea
Samsung
KAIST
Local ONS Name Servers
onsepc.kr

33. EPCIS (EPC Information Service)
Internet of Things Global Data Repository
33
RFID Reader
& Antenna
Barcode
Reader
ALE – Event Capturing
Everyday
Object
EPCIS – Visibility Event Data
TDS – Unification of GS1 Codes
Attaching
EPC Tag
Attaching
Bar Code
Capturing Interface
Query Interface
Business Apps.

34. GS1 EPCIS 1.1 (RFID not necessary)
(Sample)

35. GS1 Source
GS1 Source is a framework for
Sharing product information in the
Digital world.

36. • Comparison between two Search Engines
GS1 Digital in standardization now
What can you find on Internet now?
Schick quattro titanium razor
Schick quattro titanium razor
Missing
retailersMissing reviews
Different
image
Different
name
Different
highlight
Different
pricing
Source: Enabling the “digital” revolution in retail (McKinsey, 2013)

37. Improved search by GS1 Digital
Source: Enabling the “digital” revolution in retail (McKinsey, 2013)
SE sees GTIN in HTML
Search engine (SE) finds
initial search term on 1st
retailer's webpage
SE switches from text-
based to GTIN-based
search, and finds 2nd
retailer’s webpage
SE returns all results,
regardless of initial search
term
1 2 3 4
Retailer Retailer 1
Product Dixie combo pack 168
Price $12.59
<html>
<meta name=“GTIN”
content=“0012345678901”>
…
</html> Retailer Retailer 2
Product Dixie combo box 168
Price $10.21
<html>
<meta name=“GTIN”
content=“0012345678901”>
…
</html> Retailer 1
Dixie combo pack 168
$12.59
Retailer 2
Dixie combo set 168
$10.21
ILLUSTRATIVE PROCESS
Dixie combo pack 168
Retailer
Product
Price
Retailer
Product
Price

38. Oliot for GS1 based Open Source IoT Platform
(Open Language for Internet of Things)
• GS1 EPCglobal Network on the Cloud
for Groceries Trace Framework since 2013
– Complete Implementation of GS1
EPCglobal Network
– EPCIS Enhanced with NOSQL DB
– Cloud Support
– ELFIN: Enhanced LLRP- enabling
Framework for the INternet of Things
– Geo-discovery Service
– ONS 2.0.1 implemented
• Smart Thing Information Service
(STIS) since 2005, 2011
– Expand GS1 EPCglobal Network to
integrate various sensor network protocols
– Successor of EPC Sensor Network
– ZigBee, 6LoWPAN/CoAP integration
– Obix integration, etc.

39. Open Language for the Internet of Things
• Open Language for IoT (Oliot) is an ID-based IoT framework.
– Based on GS1 standard ID (e.g., URI-convertible GTIN)
• Goal
– Is to build a ID-based framework to identify, capture, control and share
information about smart things
Passive Tags
(e.g., passive
tags, barcode)
Sensor & Actuator Networks
(e.g., ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Mobile phone, BLE,
AllJoyn, lwM2M etc.)
Active Tags (e.g.,
Wireless ID and Sensor
Networks)
RFID Middleware
LLRP LLRP Sensor & actuator protocols Sensor & actuator protocols
Domain-specific capturing application
Domain-specific accessing applications
Sensor Interface
Sensor interface
EPC Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
ALE
Actuation Interface
Sensor & Actuator Middleware
Object
Name
Service
Discovery
Service
ZigBee
6LoWPAN/
CoAP
MQTT
Web
service-*
REST
Other
Comm.
RFID stream processing
Logical RFID
reader
Reader
Management
Sensor stream
processing
Sensor & actuator
Management
ID-Sensor stream
processing

40. Passive Tags
(e.g., passive
tags, barcode)
Sensor & Actuator Networks
(e.g., ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Mobile phone, BLE,
AllJoyn, lwM2M etc.)
Active Tags (e.g.,
Wireless ID and Sensor
Networks)
RFID Middleware
LLRP LLRP Sensor & actuator protocols Sensor & actuator protocols
Domain-specific capturing application
Domain-specific accessing applications
Sensor Interface
Sensor interface
EPC Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
ALE
Actuation Interface
Sensor & Actuator Middleware
Object
Name
Service
Discovery
Service
ZigBee
6LoWPAN/
CoAP
MQTT
Web
service-*
REST
Other
Comm.
RFID stream processing
Logical RFID
reader
Reader
Management
Sensor stream
processing
Sensor & actuator
Management
ID-Sensor stream
processing
• July 7 2014 – oliot 1.0
(latest implementation
of EPCglobal framework,
run on any cloud and
supporting mysql and
cassandra)
• 4Q 2014 – oliot 1.1
(provide EPCIS 1.1,
strengthened to support
food industry)
• 2015 – oliot 2.0 (support
internet of things,
merging auto-id lab,
KAIST’s Epc sensor
network, STIS and more)
Oliot Release Plan

41. Smart Agriculture and Food Safety
Systems Pilot Project