Differences between galaxies

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geislau15

Differences Between Galaxies By: Lauren Geisel

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Materials Required: Computer and internet access Calculator Ruler Pencils and pens, eraser Digital camera and/or scanner Print out Galaxy Image Prints document Total Time Required: Approximately 2-3 Hours Part 1. The Local Group In Table 1, you will find a list of most of the galaxies in the Local Group. This group is made up of our own galaxy, the Milky Way, and its closest neighbors. (Note: 1 kpc = 1 kiloparsec = 1000 parsec; 1 parsec = 3.26 light years) Table 1. Galaxies of the Local Group Name Distance (kpc) Diameter (kpc) Name Distance (kpc) Diameter (kpc) Milky Way - 40.0 IC 1522 610 1.5 Sculptor 60 0.3 WLM 610 2.1 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) 60 6.1 Andromeda I 675 0.6 Carina 90 0.2 Andromeda II 675 0.6 Draco 90 0.2 Andromeda III 675 0.9 Ursa Minor 90 0.3 M32 675 1.5 Sextans I 90 0.9 NGC 185 675 1.8 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) 90 4.6 NGC 147 675 3.1 Fornax 150 0.9 NGC 205 675 3.1 Leo II 185 0.2 M31 (Andromeda Galaxy) 675 61 Leo I 185 0.3 IC 1613 765 3.7 NGC 6822 520 2.5 M33 (Triangulum Galaxy) 765 14.0 DDO 210 920 1.2 Below is a visual representation of our Local Group of galaxies. You can access and zoom into this image to see galaxies more clearly using this link Local Group . Figure 1. Local Group Visualization. Type and label your answers to the below questions in your lab report. Using Table 1 above and noting the diameters of the galaxies, which five galaxies in the Local Group are the largest? In a few sentences, compare the sizes of the other galaxies in the Local Group to the two largest ones. Which three galaxies have the largest angular size (not including the Milky Way)? These galaxies are the ones that look the largest in the sky. Explain how you get your answer. By hand and with pencil, create a scale drawing of the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud, showing their relative sizes and the distance between them in kiloparsecs (the galaxies can be represented by circles). Write down the scale you use , and your calculations to find the scaled-down sizes and distance. (An example of a good scale to use would like something like: 5 mm = 10 kpc, also see this site Basic-Mathematics.com for more information on scaling.) You will photo your drawing and insert it into your lab report. Figure 2. Local Supercluster Print Image courtesy of Palomar Sky Survey Photographs As you have already seen, galaxies can vary a lot in size. Now, we will look at how their shapes are different. Two basic types of galaxies are the spiral galaxies and the elliptical galaxies. Spiral galaxies have a disk-like structure,and a central bulge. Our own Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. Elliptical galaxies appear round, looking a lot like a football .

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