1. Cyber attack
offensive maneuver employed by both
individuals and whole organizations that
targets computer information systems,
infrastructures, computer networks, and/
or personal computer devices by various
means of malicious acts usually
originating from an anonymous source
that either steals, alters, or destroys a
specified target by hacking into a
susceptible system.

2. politically motivated hacking to conduct
sabotage and espionage
The general purpose of conventional warfare
is to weaken or destroy the opponent's
military force, thereby negating its ability to
engage in conventional warfare.
Cyber attack as cyber warfare

3. Fear factor
Spectacular factor
Vulnerability factor
Factors for cyber-attacks

4. develop their plans step-by-step
and acquire the appropriate
software to carry out an attack
political agendas, targeting
political structures
Professional hackers to cyber
terrorists

5. straight forward
considered malicious software
Syntactic attacks

6. Viruses are a self-replicating
program that can attach itself to
another program or file in order
to reproduce
Viruses

7. Worms do not need another file
or program to copy itself; it is a
self-sustaining running program
Worms

8. “social engineering,”
presenting themselves as
harmless, useful gifts, in order
to persuade victims to install
them on their computers.
Trojan horse

9. Espionage and national security
breaches

10. Sabotage

11. China
Malaysia
Taiwan
Philippines and cyber attacks

12. Future