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The Partition of India August 14, 1947 Tarif Haque
What is the Partition of India? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Above: A current day map of India
Basic Maps of the Partition These two maps show how India was divided after gaining independence from the British in 1947. The first shows India under British rule, before the partition. The second shows how the region was divided after gaining independence and the breakaway of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) from West Pakistan (Pakistan today) in 1971 through the Bangladesh Liberation War.
Timeline of Events ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The British East India Company  also known as The Honorable East India Company ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Original flag of East India Company
This map shows European settlements in India from 1498 to 1739. As you can see, the British & Dutch (from joint East India Company) together have the most settlements in the region, which sets the stage for the British to begin ruling the area through the East India Company.
East India Company Gains Power beginning over 100 years of British rule of India ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Impact of British Rule in India ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Negative Effects The British held almost all political and economic power and set restrictions on Indian  owned industries. Many villagers lost self-suffiency due to the British enforcing cash  crops. Most British carried racist attitudes towards the Indians in the country, and  adopted policies which did not abide by many religious practices in India.  Traditional  Indian life was threatened due to British superiority.  Policies and Regulation At first the East India Company ruled with little interference from the British  government until the 19 th  century. The company employed its own army and even had  an internal government structure. The British used India for the gain of Britain’s  Economy, and set up restrictions that didn’t allow India to operate on its own.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 also The Sepoy Mutiny ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Above: A painting of a battle during the Rebellion
British Government Takes Direct Control of India in 1858 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nationalism Surfaces in India: the Indian National Congress and Muslim League form Nationalist feelings began arising in the country due to modernization and the taking up of western ideas. It wasn’t long before the groups wanting to self govern themselves. Two Major Nationalist Groups formed: The Indian National Congress In 1885, the Indian National Government formed- comprised mainly of Hindus wanting to break free from British rule. The Muslim League In 1906, the Muslim League formed- another nationalist group which focused on specific concerns for the Muslim minority living in India. Above: Current flag of Indian National Congress
Ram Mohan Roy Powerful Social Reformer of India ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Above: Painting of Ram Mohan Roy
Leading up to Partition: 1920-1932 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Left: Allama Iqbal was a key figure in proposing the seperation of India into two states. Allama Iqbal’s 1930 Address to Mulsim Leage: “ The Hindus and the Muslims belong to two different religions, philosophies, social customs and literature… To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built up for the government of such a state.”
Leading up to Partition: 1932-1937 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In 1937, Veer Savarkar in his Presidential Address to the Hindu Mahasabha: “ India cannot be assumed today to be Unitarian and homogeneous nation, but on the contrary there are two nations in the main — the Hindus and the Muslims.”
Leading up to Partition: 1937-1946 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mohandas Gandhi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Above: Mohandas Gandhi pictured in 1930
The Partition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Above: British officials discussing the Mountbatten Plan, with a countdown to handover of power in the back.
Impact and Aftermath of Partition The partition of India left both India and Pakistan devastated. Riots erupted, and looting broke out widespread. Women were raped and battered by both the Hindus and Muslims, and trains full of  battered women and children would arrive between the borders of India and Pakistan daily. Over 15 million refugees were forced into regions completely new to them. Even though they shared the same  religion of thier new home, they still had not lost the bond to the region their family and ancestors grew up in. The provinces of Bengal and Punjab were divided causing outrage in many Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs alike. Even after almost six decades after the partition, India and Pakistan have still not healed from the wounds left by the partition.  India and Pakistan have been to war twice since the partition, and Pakistan suffered the bloody war of the breaking away of East Pakistan into Bangladesh. The two countries are still arguing over the landlocked region of Kashmir. Many believe the partition not only broke the unity of India, but also took away the sense of belonging to many people who were tore apart from their native regions. Left: Refugee train of Sikhs heading to India Right: Man carrying wife and family across the border.
“ A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance.”  -Jawaharlal Nehru, 1 st  Prime Minister of India
Works Cited ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Partition Of India 1196727228476126 2

  • 1. The Partition of India August 14, 1947 Tarif Haque
  • 2.
  • 3. Basic Maps of the Partition These two maps show how India was divided after gaining independence from the British in 1947. The first shows India under British rule, before the partition. The second shows how the region was divided after gaining independence and the breakaway of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) from West Pakistan (Pakistan today) in 1971 through the Bangladesh Liberation War.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. This map shows European settlements in India from 1498 to 1739. As you can see, the British & Dutch (from joint East India Company) together have the most settlements in the region, which sets the stage for the British to begin ruling the area through the East India Company.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Nationalism Surfaces in India: the Indian National Congress and Muslim League form Nationalist feelings began arising in the country due to modernization and the taking up of western ideas. It wasn’t long before the groups wanting to self govern themselves. Two Major Nationalist Groups formed: The Indian National Congress In 1885, the Indian National Government formed- comprised mainly of Hindus wanting to break free from British rule. The Muslim League In 1906, the Muslim League formed- another nationalist group which focused on specific concerns for the Muslim minority living in India. Above: Current flag of Indian National Congress
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Impact and Aftermath of Partition The partition of India left both India and Pakistan devastated. Riots erupted, and looting broke out widespread. Women were raped and battered by both the Hindus and Muslims, and trains full of battered women and children would arrive between the borders of India and Pakistan daily. Over 15 million refugees were forced into regions completely new to them. Even though they shared the same religion of thier new home, they still had not lost the bond to the region their family and ancestors grew up in. The provinces of Bengal and Punjab were divided causing outrage in many Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs alike. Even after almost six decades after the partition, India and Pakistan have still not healed from the wounds left by the partition. India and Pakistan have been to war twice since the partition, and Pakistan suffered the bloody war of the breaking away of East Pakistan into Bangladesh. The two countries are still arguing over the landlocked region of Kashmir. Many believe the partition not only broke the unity of India, but also took away the sense of belonging to many people who were tore apart from their native regions. Left: Refugee train of Sikhs heading to India Right: Man carrying wife and family across the border.
  • 19. “ A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance.” -Jawaharlal Nehru, 1 st Prime Minister of India
  • 20.

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