2. Development of FNT Face - Negotiation Theory (FNT) was developed by Stella Ting-Toomey (1985), a communication professor at California State University, Fullerton “Face” according to sociologist Erving Goffman (1967, p. 5), is “the positive social value a person effectively claims for her/himself by the line others assume s/he has taken during a particular contact.”
3. Face-work Face is a metaphor for the image of oneself that we want others to see and believe. Every culture is always negotiating face. FNT states that people from individualistic, low context cultures interact differently from collectivistic, high context cultures.
5. FNT: Practical Conflict Management The ways which various cultures view face and their individual role in face-work will determine the approach to conflict management. FNT maintains that inter-cultural conflict can be reduced by recognizing, understanding, accepting, and adapting to the differences with another's culture.
