Presentation by Anthony Veder Vopak at the Global CCS Institutes 2011 Member's Meeting in Rotterdam

1. Preliminary results
GCCSI Study
Liquid logistic Shipping Concept
Lessons learned to date
Rotterdam
May 11th, 2011
Michael Tetteroo & Cees van der Ben
5/13/2011 1

2. Preliminary results
CINTRA logistic concept
• Bulk making/breaking for off shore CO2 storage
• Intermediate Storage
• Combine and link pipeline systems and barging/shipping routes: 4 routes
• Provide independent custody transfer metering (for ETS)
• Network building block (at rivers and coast lines)
5/13/2011 2

3. Preliminary results
Hub service: CO2 transfer barge/ship pipe
BARGE/SHIP
PIPE
5/13/2011 3

4. Preliminary results
CO2 Transport and Storage systems
• Transport from the Emitters via
pipelines or barges; Liquefaction at the Emitter’s site
• Collecting CO2 in storage tanks at the or at the CO2 Hub
CO2 Hub;
• Loading sea vessels for transport to
depleted offshore gas fields.
Connecting Hub
to offshore trunk line
• Locking the sea vessel to a floating turret or
loading tower linked with the sub-sea system of the
depleted gas field;
• Injecting the CO2 into the porous rocks (depleted
gas or oil field or aquifers, at required temp’s and
pressures ;
• As an alternative, mooring near a platform for
discharging the CO2 into a depleted field via the
platform utilities
5/13/2011 • Ship is designed to carry both CO2 and LPG 4

5. Preliminary results
Hub Concept Organic Growth Model:
Asset build up follows the volume build-up
Source 1 Source 2 Source 3 Source 4 Source n
3
1
2 2
1. Early scheme: single source
flow too small to justify off shore
3. Final mature scheme:
pipe
multiple sources &
2. Intermediate scheme: two sinks, both depleted
combined flows do allow for an reservoirs and EOR at
off shore pipe => ship moves production wells
into alternative CO2 or LPG 3
service 2
3
1
2
Potentially
Ship now could ship that
become pipe used to sail
line for 2 on sink 1 Sink 3: EOR
Sink 1 Sink 1 Sink 2 Sink n
5/13/2011 sources at oil field
5

6. Preliminary results
GCCSI LLSC study:
lessons learned to date
General
• Start engineering at the sink
• Minimize CO2 composition requirements
• Combining multiple emitters in one network is technically feasible.
• No metallurgical/corrosion issues found other than water: dry at the
source
SHE
• No items of concern encountered
• Low vessel collision risk due to high LCO2 density
• On shore pipeline through busy areas: 40 bar
Compression
• Up to 100 bar: bull gear compressor (bull gear), beyond: pump.
• Moderate ambient temperatures: no power consumption difference
between compression or compression/liquefaction/pumping.
Pipeline
• In dense phase in order to minimize costs.
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7. Preliminary results
GCCSI LLSC study:
lessons learned to date
Liquefaction
• Optimum CO2 liquefaction condition: -50 ˚C, 7 bara.
• Combining parallel compression and liquefaction in one
machine feasible.
Storage
• Terminal minimum storage volume: 10,000 m3
• Min. costs/m3: > 2000 m3 shop fabricated spheres
• Other considerations may call for horizontal bullets.
Legislation
Biggest remaining uncertainties:
• CO2 custody transfer: who, when and to whom
• Monitoring requirements in the mean time
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8. Preliminary results
GCCSI LLSC study:
lessons learned to date
ship sizes
Ship transport capacity [mmt/yr]
3.5 • Loading & discharge 2000 t/hr
• Sailing speed 15 kts
3 • Voyage related spare 1 day
2.5
2
30,000 cbm ship
1.5
1
10,000 cbm ship
0.5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
0
Distance [nm]
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9. Preliminary results
LLSC mission statement
• Depleted gas field NS
• Stand alone operation
• Stay above hydrate formation bottom hole temperature: 13 ˚C
• Challenges: all solvable
Intermittent flow
Pressure over sink life time: 150 – 400 bar at well head
450
400
Ship manifold pressure (bara)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time line (years)
5/13/2011 9

10. Preliminary results
Shipping
Source: AnthonyVeder – IP Anthony Veder
• LPG/CO2 carrier
• 30,000 m3
• Stand alone operation
• Onboard conditioning
• Key challenge: uptime
• Conventional
• X - bow
Source Anthony Veder, X-Bow® IP of Ulstein Sea of Solutions
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11. Preliminary results
Conventional hull
Source: AnthonyVeder – IP Anthony Veder
LOA 210 m DP 2
B 33.6 m Sailing speed 17kts (lpg trade)
5/13/2011 T 11 m Gradual power generation build 11

12. Preliminary results
CO2Conditioning
Source: AnthonyVeder – IP Anthony Veder
5/13/2011 12

13. Preliminary results
Rotterdam distance to sinks
Dutch sinks are all
within the 400 km
range.
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14. Preliminary results
GCCSI LLSC study:
lessons learned to date
Barging/shipping
• No CO2 venting/re-liquefaction in transit
• Barge max. LOA 135 m → 150 m in the future
• Max barge size Ruhrgebiet → R’dam: 7500 tonnes (Ruhrgebiet →
Karlsruhe: 6000 tonnes)
• Required ship sizes: 10,000 - 30,000 m3
• Ship min. required off loading temperature: 0 ˚C
• => sea water suffices as heat source for LCO2 “vaporization”
Ship off loading
• HP pressure CO2 unmanned off loading: technically feasible at
acceptable uptimes in deep and shallow water.
• Depleted reservoir’s existing wells require retubing
• Ship → sink batch injection technically feasible, multiple wells likely
to be required flow wise.
• Tubing: low temperature material of construction.
5/13/2011 14

15. Preliminary results
GCCSI LLSC study:
lessons learned to date
Costs: contract duration
Pipeline system tariffs are hurt the most by short term contracts
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16. Preliminary results
Transportation Costs: insight evolution
LNG CO2
Source: IEA GHG, 2004
CO2 CO2
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17. Preliminary results
GCCSI LLSC study:
lessons learned to date
Costs
• CO2 transportation is to be considered as a regular infra
structural project: 20+ year contract durations
• CO2 liquefaction’s energy intensity is relatively low =>
cost break even distances are
1. for on shore pipe versus barge: 200 km (and not 1500 km)
2. for off shore pipe versus ship: 150 km (and not 750 km)
• Depending on flow and distance the transportation costs
may vary from 20 to 120 €/ton (20 year contract)
• Combining multiple emitters in one system is paramount
to make CCS affordable, especially for industrial
(smaller) emitters
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18. Preliminary results
THANK YOU
QUESTIONS?
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19. Preliminary results
BACKUP SLIDES
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20. Preliminary results
Which transport solution to choose cost wise
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21. Preliminary results
Transportation tariffs
5/13/2011 From capture flange to storage well head; 20 year take or pay 21

22. Preliminary results
Transportation tariffs
5/13/2011 From capture flange to storage well head; 20 year take or pay 22

23. Preliminary results
Transportation tariffs
5/13/2011 From capture flange to storage well head; 20 year take or pay 23

24. Preliminary results
Transportation tariffs
5/13/2011 From capture flange to storage well head; 20 year take or pay 24

25. Preliminary results
CO2 Hub Process Flow Diagram
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