CO2 GeoNet and CGS Europe: the relevance of pilot and demo projects

CO2GeoNet and CGS Europe:
the relevance of pilot and demo
projects
Sergio Persoglia
CO2GeoNet Secretary General

COP$19$/$CMP$19$–$IETA$Pavilion$–"15"November,"WARSAW!

1

CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe – towards a panEuropean scientific body on CO2 Geological Storage
CO2GeoNet$ is$ the$ European$ scien?ﬁc$ authority$ on$ CO2$
geological$storage$$

!  
!  
!  
!  
!  

Created as a FP6 Network of Excellence in 2004
Transformed into a non profit scientific Association under
French law in 2008
Founding Members: 13 research institutes over 7 countries
Now:
24 research institutes over 16 countries

CGS$Europe$is$a$FP7$Coordina?on$Ac?on$(2010I2013)$

!  
!  
!  
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Builds on the sound foundation of CO2GeoNet
Involves 34 research institutes from 28 countries
Will enable the expansion of the CO2GeoNet Association to
cover the whole of Europe

International recognition:

Activities:
!
!
!
!

Joint research
Scientific advice
Training
Information & communication
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

2

A pan-European coverage
COUNTRY COVERAGE OF CGS EUROPE

Participants joined from the existing networks of:
CO2GeoNet
CO2NET EAST
ENeRG
EuroGeoSurveys, etc.


3

CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe - an integrated
community of researchers
!  

Multidisciplinary expertise:
!  geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geomechanics,

hydrology, microbiology, reservoir engineering,
oceanography, psycho-social science, …

!  

Masters every facet of CO2 storage:

!  site selection and characterization, modelling and monitoring

CO2 fate and site behaviour, environmental impacts, risk
assessment, and safety protocols

!  

Provides integrated research results, synthesized
knowledge and advices, shared by a large and
independent scientific community
Our activities are oriented to consolidate and
develop a scientific community able to answer to
the requests of knowledge on CO2 storage coming
from all sectors of our society

4

CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe key activities since
Venice Open Forum 2012
Key reports:
!   State-of-play on CO2 storage in the 28 European
countries covered by CGS Europe
!   State-of-the-art of Monitoring Methods to evaluate
Storage Site Performance
!   State-of-the-art of CO2 Storage Site Selection and
Characterisation Methods
!   CO2 storage related Directives and Regulatory
Regimes related to Operational and Safety Risks (Dec.
2013)
!   Opportunities for CO2 storage pilots in Europe (under
preparation – in collaboration with ZEP)


5

CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe key activities since
Venice Open Forum 2012
External contracts for research and scientific advice:
!   FP7: RISCS project on ecosystems impacts (2010-2013)
!  deployment of the CO2GeoNet Benthic Chamber Lander in a Norwegian

fjord

!   IEAGHG: Study on mitigation of undesired CO2 migration in
the subsurface
!   DG Energy: CO2Stop project for mapping storage
potential in Europe
!   DG Clima: Framework contract in relation to climate change
!  4-year contract led by ICF Consulting Ltd (2012-2015)
!  Service Requests arrive periodically from the Commission in relation to

the CCS Directive and the NER300 programme
!  CO2GeoNet/CGS Europe presently involved in the contract
"Implementation of Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of
carbon dioxide (CCS Directive) – support to the implementation report"

6

CO2GeoNet Strategy
"

Focus on:

Knowledge Management

!

Knowledge Development: joint research through
alignment of institutes’ research programmes and
external support, knowledge-sharing workshops, staffexchange programme

!

Knowledge Repository: collect, structure, summarize
knowledge for easy use

!

Knowledge Dissemination: Annual Open Forum, CO2
storage awareness-raising workshops, CO2 storage
Spring School, Brochures, central website with links to
national websites
""
""

7

CO2GeoNet Strategy
"

This implies:
!

Strong interaction with all the stakeholders
in Europe and elsewhere

!

Active participation in the EU and international
initiatives (such as ZEP, EERA, ECCSEL, EU Demo
Network, ISO, GCCSI, CSLF ....)

!

Direct involvement in the running (and planned)
large-scale and small-scale storage projects
(such as Weiburn, Sleipner, Snohvit, In Salah, K-12B,
Ketzin, Hontomin, Longyearbyen - Svalbard ....)
""


8

CO2GeoNet Strategy
"

!

Is true that the techniques for CO2 geological
storage come from the hydrocarbon sector ...
BUT

!

Every new knowledge we got is due to the
projects of REAL CO2 storage !!!!

"

and
!

The NEXT GENERATION of techniques for a large
deployment of CCS will come from a meaningful
number of new Pilot and Demo projects starting
now and in the years to come

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Sleipner project – assessing the limits

CO2 storage started in 1996
~ 1 M t CO2 / year
> 13 M t stored so far


10

Injected CO2
11

Accumulated mass
(million tons)

10
9
8
7
6

seismic surveys
gravity surveys
seafloor mapping
CSEM survey

5
4
3
2
1
0
1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Date
- courtesy Statoil -


11


CO2 plume
Area : 2,8 km2

Increasing amplitude

Length : 3760 m

1 km

- reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved -


12


top
reservoir

Detection limit for Sleipner data
~ 4.000 m3
~ 2.500 tonnes at top reservoir
(0.004% of projected total)
- reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved -


13

Monitoring at Ketzin – complex geology
•  located in the North German Basin
•  double anticline above salt pillow
reservoir
•  sandstones of Upper
Triassic Stuttgart
formation
•  fluvial system
•  lateral and vertical
heterogeneous
Ketzin

•  620 – 650 m depth
cap-rock
•  Upper Triassic
shales
•  >165 m

- Courtesy GFZ -


14

Monitoring at Ketzin – wells

Observation
well P300

Observation
well Ktzi 202

Observation
well Ktzi 203

Injection/ observation
well Ktzi 201

20 m

Observation well
Ktzi 200

Injection facility

e seismic
nt passiv
Permane array

June 2013
- Courtesy GFZ 15

Monitoring at Ketzin – the concept

Comprehensive monitoring concept combining
permanent and periodic monitoring techniques

- Courtesy GFZ 16

Monitoring at Ketzin – 4D seismics
3D Baseline 2005:
41 Templates
~12 km2

3D Repeat Survey

3D Repeat 2009:
20 Templates
(~22 kilotons injected)
3D Repeat 2012:
31 Templates
(~61 kilotons injected)
Survey performed
from September to
November 2012

Ketzin/Havel 1 km

1 Template:
5 lines, 240 geophones
12 lines, 180
shotpoints

- Courtesy GFZ -


17

UTM Northing (km)

UTM Northing (km)

Monitoring at Ketzin – 4D seismics

5818

5817.5

5818

5817.5

3356

3355
UTM Easting (km)

3356

3355
UTM Easting (km)

Normalized time-lapse amplitudes
Baseline – 2009; 22 kt CO2
Baseline – 2012; 61 kt CO2
Areal extension
~8 hectares
~15 hectares

Time-lapse amplitudes at top Stuttgart indicate
lateral extent of detected CO2
Lüth et al. (2010), Ivandic et al. (2013)

- Courtesy GFZ 18

Monitoring at Ketzin – geoelectric

Geoelectric measurements show resistivity increase
and give tomographic information
Bergmann et al. (2012)

- Courtesy GFZ 19

Monitoring at Ketzin – modelling & simulation

Project

schedule

Bielinski (2007)
Kopp et al. (2008)

Risk
assessment

Frykman (2008)

Process
understanding

Kempka et al. (2010)

Prediction

Kempka & Kühn (2012)
Klein et al. (2012)

Lengler et al. (2010)

Modelling and simulation started before injection
and accompany entire operation

- Courtesy GFZ -


20

Monitoring at Ketzin – history matching

06/2009
06/2010
06/2011
06/2012
06/2013
06/2014

Kempka & Kühn (2013)

-

Martens et al. (2013)


- Courtesy GFZ 21

"

So, there are many things still to learn
from pilot and demo projects ...

!

Focus on deep saline aquifers

!

Spatial development of CO2 plume (steering, control
mechanism)

!

Improved resolution of geophysical mapping methods,
particularly in aquifers with sparse data

!

Improved static and dynamic modelling tools

!

Dissolution, residual trapping and associated time-scale
processes

!

Pressure build-up (monitoring and control)

!

Improved knowledge of hydraulic properties of faults

!

Cheap wells for exploration and observation

!

Abandonment procedures

!

Low-cost and long-time monitoring tools for afterclosure periods (transfer of liability)

22

CO2 GeoNet and CGS Europe: the relevance of pilot and demo projects

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