1. MDG-4 Campaign Middle class population and Leaders’ attitudes and opinions towards Child Mortality GLOBAL REPORT June 2010

3. Introduction and objectives After 10 years of policy and programme efforts since the Millennium Development Goals were established, progress has been made towards the achievement of MDG-4 ( see www.childinfo.org/mortality.html ) However, though the rate of decline in under-five mortality increased over the past few years, it is still clearly insufficient to reach the goal by 2015. Equally importantly, child mortality is increasingly concentrated : recent data indicate that approx. 75% of child deaths occur in only 18 countries. India and Nigeria together account for nearly one third of the total number of child deaths worldwide. Therefore, the GMC encouraged social mobilization campaigns, in countries where the problem is most serious, to galvanize public opinion in order to push for a redoubling of efforts to reduce child mortality. Through a multi-level communications and grassroots activation strategy, the GMC particularly recommends engaging the middle class - a so far neglected section of the public- who might have little insight or experience in the issue, but who has influence on decision-makers by virtue of its position in the society. Middle class members can hold the Government accountable as they represent taxpayers, and often share similar backgrounds, education, cultural references or even product tastes. In addition, wealth creators ( the business community ), opinion formers and reflectors ( people in the media ), academics and students are all categories that have the ability to influence governments. The GMC believes that by targeting this section of society and shifting their attitude towards child mortality along a continuum from “acceptable/unavoidable” to “unacceptable/solvable” will create the pressure required for Government action. Following these objectives the GMC conducted a research to develop insights and better understand these groups attitudes and opinions towards child mortality, particularly their degree of awareness of the problem and their willingness to do something about it. It was felt that such information is clearly a pre-requisite to design any meaningful communication strategy. The research was carried out in 8 countries : India; Cambodia; Mali; Nigeria; Kenya; Zambia; Ethiopia and Bolivia. The presentation that follows shows the main results for all countries. For further detail regarding results by country, specially at a regional level, please refer to the country specific report

4. Coverage Bolivia: La Paz Santa Cruz Cochabamba Mali: Bamako Segou Sikasso Nigeria: Yenagoa Akure Onitsha Ilorin Kebbi Damaturu Lagos Enugu Kano Zambia: Lusaka Ndola Livingstone India: Delhi Mumbai Chennai Kolkata Bangalore Ethiopia: Addis Ababa Awassa Mekele Arba Minch Nazareth Ambo Awash Gambella Assosa Jijiga Kenya : Nairobi Mombasa Kisumu Cambodia: Phnom Penh Battambang Siemreap Sihanoukville Kampong Cham

5. Middle Class opinions

6. Methodology

7. Universe: Middle Class The target of study, in terms of middle class, was the population group (in many cases a minority) with formal education and professional work. The assumption is that this group has better access to media and information, and is an influential section of the public . In all cases middle class was defined in terms of Socio economic level, and in a country by country basis according to the country context. For further information see Annex 2 - Middle class definition by country Data collection technique: Face to face interviews in household Sample size: 1000 interviews were conducted in each country. Total: 8121 interviews Sampling method: stratified probabilistic Margin error: + 4.2% Methodology Specifications

8. General Context

9. Bolivia: -Corruption -Crime -Economic problems Mali: -Hunger -Corruption -Education Nigeria: -Corruption -Poverty -Economic problems Zambia: -Corruption -Unemployment -Poverty India: -Corruption -Poverty -Economic problems Ethiopia: -Poverty -Economic problems -Corruption Kenya : -Corruption -Poverty -Unemployment Cambodia: -Drugs -Economic problems -Corruption Top 3 problems by country Question: Which of the following do you think is the most important problem your country faces today?

10. Countries’ main problems Corruption is one of the main concerns in all countries Basis: Middle class population in each country Top problem by country 2 nd main problem by country Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia Corruption 36% 30% 38% 21% 14% 32% 20% 26% Poverty 14% 18% 14% - 24% 14% 10% 7% Hunger/ Not enough food 2% 7% 5% 51% 2% 2% 2% 1% Economic problems 10% 3% 11% 3% 18% 10% 20% 9% Unemployment 16% 16% 8% - 6% 8% 5% 8% Crime / Insecurity 1% 3% 4% 4% 2% 5% 2% 25% HIV/ AIDS 11% 9% 2% - 10% 1% 3% 1% Drugs and drug abuse 1% 3% 2% 2% 2% 1% 26% 6% Education 1% 1% 3% 15% 2% 6% 3% 3% Terrorism/ internal conflicts/ human right violations - 1% 2% - 5% 7% 1% 5% Child Mortality 2% - 1% 3% 3% 8% 2% 2% The gap between the rich and the poor 2% 4% 1% - 3% 1% 1% 1% Lack of democracy / lack of freedom 1% 1% 2% - 5% 1% 1% 3% Other health problems 1% - 2% - 2% - 2% 1% Environmental issues 1% 1% 2% - - 2% 2% 1%

11. Trust in institutions Percentage A lot + Some Confidence Basis: Middle class population in each country % below 50% Percentages are calculated excluding don´t know / no answer Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia Donor Countries 86% 92% 73% 74% 84% 83% 95% 72% International Development Organizations 84% 93% 76% 74% 89% 83% 94% 66% Hospital/ Clinics 87% 84% 84% 70% 85% 83% 93% 65% Religious Groups / Institutions 85% 84% 85% 67% 78% 67% 73% 62% Civil Society Organizations 78% 84% 70% 62% 78% 78% 86% 53% Schooling System 85% 81% 74% 49% 68% 76% 94% 53% Press 79% 82% 67% 50% 62% 72% 87% 47% National Government 66% 65% 71% 54% 74% 80% 93% 35% Major Companies 62% 71% 55% 48% 65% 59% 68% 42% The Civil Service 60% 44% 58% 43% 68% 67% 69% 38% Labor Unions 48% 48% 55% 30% 60% 55% 70% 14% Armed Forces / The Military 39% 48% 41% 39% 51% 65% 71% 24% The Justice System 51% 31% 52% 34% 62% 61% 52% 21% The Police 36% 24% 21% 27% 64% 42% 66% 22% Political Parties 35% 27% 32% 16% 34% 34% 49% 9%

12. Trust in HOSPITAL/ CLINICS Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

13. Trust in DONOR COUNTRIES Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

14. Trust in INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

15. Trust in NATIONAL GOVERNMENT Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

16. Trust in POLITICAL PARTIES Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

17. Trust in RELIGIOUS GROUPS / INSTITUTIONS Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

18. Trust in THE PRESS Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

19. Trust in SCHOOLING SYSTEM Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

20. Trust in CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

21. Trust in MAJOR COMPANIES Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

22. Trust in ARMED FORCES / THE MILITARY Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

23. Trust in LABOR UNIONS Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

24. Trust in THE CIVIL SERVICE Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

25. Trust in THE JUSTICE SYSTEM Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

26. Trust in THE POLICE Basis: Middle class population in each country Question: Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all?

27. Interest towards Politics Question: In general, how interested would you say you are in politics? Basis: Middle class population in each country

28. Influence in Social and political environment Question: To what extent would you say that people like you may have an influence in social and political events that surround us? Would you say that you may influence: a great deal, a fair amount, not very much, or not at all? Basis: Middle class population in each country

29. Question: Now I’m going to read out some forms of political action that people can take, and I’d like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have done any of these things, whether you might do them or would never under any circumstances do them. Social Actions Basis: Middle class population in each country Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia Signing a petition Done 10% 9% 6% 19% 9% 19% 12% 19% Might 56% 63% 32% 67% 28% 54% 43% 56% Never 25% 27% 51% 8% 35% 18% 43% 22% Attending a demonstration Done 20% 18% 16% 42% 24% 14% 4% 16% Might 39% 37% 30% 49% 27% 66% 14% 39% Never 37% 44% 45% 6% 30% 16% 82% 44% Volunteering in a non-profit organization Done 23% 39% 23% 16% 25% 14% 19% 13% Might 67% 56% 45% 67% 51% 60% 61% 68% Never 6% 4% 27% 11% 14% 22% 20% 17% Being a member of a political party Done 19% 10% 17% 24% 12% 6% 19% 4% Might 37% 35% 30% 41% 16% 32% 23% 17% Never 39% 54% 45% 28% 48% 55% 57% 75% Donating money or something else for a cause Done 35% 42% 31% 32% 29% 22% 52% 22% Might 62% 52% 48% 58% 44% 63% 40% 61% Never 2% 6% 15% 3% 12% 9% 8% 14% Advocacy Done 22% 19% 18% 23% 36% 12% 17% 8% Might 68% 67% 50% 64% 46% 54% 48% 65% Never 6% 13% 24% 7% 9% 27% 34% 24%

30. What they would NEVER do Social Actions Basis: Middle class population in each country Barrier for the country – more than half the middle class would never do it Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia Signing a petition 25% 27% 51% 8% 35% 18% 43% 22% Attending a demonstration 37% 44% 45% 6% 30% 16% 82% 44% Volunteering in a non-profit organization 6% 4% 27% 11% 14% 22% 20% 17% Being a member of a political party 39% 54% 45% 28% 48% 55% 57% 75% Donating money or something else for a cause 2% 6% 15% 3% 12% 9% 8% 14% Advocacy 6% 13% 24% 7% 9% 27% 34% 24%

31. Awareness of the Millennium Development Goals Question: In the year 2000 the world leaders agreed on a certain number of programs to solve the world’s most important problems. A set of goals was established to be accomplished by 2015. This agreement is known as the Millennium Development Goals. Have you heard of this initiative? Basis: Middle class population in each country

32. Bolivia: -Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger -Achieve universal primary education -Reduce child mortality Mali: -Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger -Achieve universal primary education -Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Nigeria: -Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger -Achieve universal primary education -Reduce child mortality Zambia: -Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger -Achieve universal primary education -Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases India: -Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger - Reduce child mortality - Achieve universal primary education Ethiopia: -Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger -Achieve universal primary education – Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Kenya : -Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger -Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases - Achieve universal primary education Cambodia: -Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger -Promote gender equality and empower women -Reduce child mortality -Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Top 3 MDG by country Question: Which of the following do you think is the most important problem your country faces today?

33. Main MDG for the country Question: I will enumerate the different Millennium Development Goals. Could you please tell me which one you consider the most important one for this country? And which one do you think is the second most important goal for this country? 1 ST + 2 ND MENTION Basis: Middle class population in each country Top MDG by country 2 nd main MDG by country Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger 75% 82% 73% 60% 80% 58% 69% 75% Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 53% 52% 21% 31% 31% 17% 25% 10% Achieve universal primary education 21% 16% 26% 50% 37% 31% 16% 27% Reduce child mortality 11% 8% 23% 23% 16% 39% 25% 26% Improve maternal health 7% 8% 22% 11% 10% 22% 16% 16% Promote gender equality and empower women 12% 10% 13% 7% 12% 16% 25% 7% Develop a global partnership for development 14% 11% 9% 12% 8% 6% 16% 15% Ensure environmental sustainability 5% 13% 11% 5% 7% 11% 7% 19%

34. Child Mortality as the main MDG for the country 1 st + 2 nd mention Basis: Middle class population in each country

35. Child mortality: Awareness & Problem dimension

36. Awareness on child mortality Question: Focusing on what you know about child mortality, how much would you say you know…? Basis: Middle class population in each country

37. Main sources of information about child mortality Question: Which sources of information have you used to learn about the issue? Basis: Middle class population in each country Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia TV 54% 78% 69% 71% 68% 90% 70% 73% Radio 40% 65% 59% 62% 64% 17% 52% 27% Magazines / Newspapers 46% 60% 27% 29% 47% 80% 23% 30% Comments of someone you know 8% 16% 23% 15% 21% 16% 16% 6% Campaigns in public places 8% 16% 12% 6% 12% 15% 8% 7% Community centers 10% 14% 11% 9% 11% 10% 8% 3% Internet 8% 10% 7% 13% 22% 10% 1% 17%

38. Question: And from the following causes of child mortality that I am going to mention, which one would you say is the most relevant one in your country? Main cause of child mortality Basis: Middle class population in each country Top cause by country 2 nd main cause by country Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia Malnutrition 27% 17% 20% 25% 24% 39% 9% 56% Malaria 16% 34% 28% 47% 8% 4% 7% - Lack of access to health services 21% 15% 23% 7% 24% 7% 11% 18% Lack of improved water & sanitation services 6% 8% 9% 9% 15% 18% 31% 8% HIV / AIDS 18% 8% 2% 2% 12% 3% 7% 1% Diarrhea 4% 3% 4% 2% 8% 6% 8% - Acute Respiratory infections 2% 1% 2% 1% 4% 9% 15% 5% Infections 2% 3% 3% 2% - 7% 2% 2% Tetanus - - - - - - 3% - Measles 1% 4% 6% - - 1% 1% 1% Pneumonia 1% 4% 1% 1% 1% 3% 4% 1% Droughts - 2% - - 3% 1% 1% - Wars / Tribal conflicts 1% - 1% - 1% - - -

39. Concern about child mortality in their country Question: How concerned would you say you are about child mortality in (MENTION COUNTRY)? Basis: Middle class population in each country

40. Assessment of child mortality as a serious problem Question: How would you rate the problem of child mortality in your country? Would you say it is...?

41. Number of children dying every year Question: According to what you may know or may have heard: how many children under 5 die every year in your country? I know this is a difficult question and that you probably don’t know the number but your best estimation based on what you know or believe will do. ( CARD SHOWN)

42. Evolution of child mortality in the last years Question: Regarding the present situation of child mortality in Mali in the last 3 years, would you say that it has improved, it has got worse, or it has stayed the same?

43. Expectations on Child Mortality for the next years Question: And thinking about the next 3 years, would you say that it will improve, it will get worse, or it will stay the same as it is now?

44. Likeliness of achieving MDG4 Question: One of the objectives to be achieved by 2015, as set by the world leaders in the Millennium Development Goals, is to reduce under-five mortality rate by two thirds. How likely do you think it is for this goal to be achieved in your country?

45. Can child mortality in the country be solved? Question: There are different opinions regarding child mortality. Which one would you say is closer to your view?

46. Question: When it comes to child mortality, who do you think is mostly responsible for its solution in the country? Institution most responsible for solving child mortality Basis: Middle class population in each country Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia The national government 62% 66% 49% 52% 59% 31% 42% 18% The local government 20% 19% 20% 21% 25% 45% 25% 69% International development organizations 3% 4% 9% 12% 4% 10% 14% 4% Civil society organizations 8% 7% - 8% 8% 12% 5% 3% Donor Countries 3% 2% 7% 4% 3% 2% 12% 3% DK/NA 3% - 3% 1% - - - 1%

47. Question: And who do you think would be the most efficient one in solving the problem in this country? Institution most efficient for solving child mortality Basis: Middle class population in each country Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia The national government 36% 47% 34% 26% 25% 48% 40% 25% The local government 23% 13% 10% 16% 19% 21% 18% 37% International development organizations 13% 17% 14% 29% 23% 11% 19% 15% Civil society organizations 16% 12% - 19% 21% 16% 8% 11% Donor Countries 9% 7% 11% 8% 12% 2% 13% 5% No one - - - - 1% 1% - 3% DK/NA 4% - 3% 1% - - - 2%

48. Question: And who would be the most reliable one? (CARD SHOWN) Institution most reliable for child mortality Basis: Middle class population in each country Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia The national government 27% 34% 36% 19% 25% 35% 41% 19% The local government 14% 11% 15% 15% 11% 17% 16% 28% International development organizations 14% 18% 20% 22% 23% 15% 19% 20% Donor Countries 23% 22% 12% 24% 16% 10% 13% 9% Civil society organizations 16% 8% - 17% 18% 18% 9% 10% No one 1% 1% - 1% 2% 4% - 8% DK/NA 5% 1% 4% 1% - 1% - 4%

49. Child mortality: People’s initiatives

50. % who have taken actions/ initiatives regarding child mortality Question: Have you taken any action/ initiative regarding child mortality in the last 5 years? Basis: Middle class population in each country

51. Actions/ initiatives carried out regarding child mortality Question: Which kind of action/ initiative have you carried out? Basis: Middle class population – respondents who declare to have taken any action/ initiative regarding child mortality in the last 5 years. Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia Volunteering 38% 62% 46% 26% 69% 50% 54% 44% Donate Money 24% 40% 34% 24% 39% 66% 59% 28% Advocacy 51% 32% 27% 26% 21% 23% 23% 19% Participate in demonstrations 11% 3% 16% 24% 5% 31% 1% 5% Sign petitions / requests 3% 3% 4% 4% 5% 28% 10% 6% Support a political party / politician depending on their interest on this matter 5% 5% 9% 13% 9% 6% 3% 2% Others 7% 8% - 21% 3% 1% - 29% DK / NA - - - 8% 1% 3% - -

52. Reasons for not taking any actions/ initiatives Basis: Middle class population – respondents who declare NOT to have taken any action/ initiative regarding child mortality in the last 5 years. Question: And why didn’t you take any action/ initiative regarding the child mortality issue in your country? Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia I do not know what I can do to help 41% 56% 25% 17% 51% 41% 34% 26% Nothing that I could do would make a difference 15% 21% 22% 18% 18% 13% 3% 11% I don't have enough money/resources 25% 17% 30% 42% 20% 4% 17% 12% I have no time 20% 18% 11% 14% 6% 28% 50% 42% It is not my responsibility to solve it 6% 3% 23% 12% 4% 7% 6% 5% I am not interested in the issue 2% 2% 3% 13% 16% 6% 22% 4% It is not a serious problem 2% 2% 2% 1% 3% 3% 2% 3% Never had an opportunity 1% 1% - - 2% - - 1%

53. Reaction to Child Mortality Facts and Figures

54. Stimulus Child Mortality Fact and Figures in the different countries Some figures about child mortality in [country] In [country] [#] children under 5 die every year. More than 50% is due to [main causes for the country]. Most of these deaths could be prevented by providing [simple everyday solutions for each cause, for example: antibiotics for Respiratory Infections; sleeping under mosquito nets for Malaria and giving the child to drink a simple solution made of sugar and salt in case of diarrhoea]. Most of these things are available locally and they are not expensive. Interviewer: Next, I will show you a short document about the issue of child mortality… DOCUMENT SHOWN ABOUT CHILD MORTALITY:

55. Are aware of the facts & figures shown Question: Did you know the information you have just read? ANSWERED YES Basis: Middle class population in each country

56. Most outstanding information Question: What piece of information was most outstanding for you? Basis: Middle class population in each country

57. Stimulus impact: Interest in the information presented Question: While you were reading this information on child mortality, did you have the feeling that people like you may be interested in the subject? ANSWERS ‘YES’ Basis: Middle class population in each country

58. Stimulus impact: Interest in receiving information Question: Would you like to receive similar information occasionally? ANSWERS ‘YES’ Basis: Middle class population in each country

59. Stimulus impact: Information worth Communicating Question: Did this information on child mortality give you the feeling that what was said or shown was worth communicating? ANSWERS ‘YES’ Basis: Middle class population in each country

60. Stimulus impact: Word of mouth Question: If you were talking to someone about child mortality, do you think that you would mention any of the points of the information you have just read? ANSWERS ‘YES’ Basis: Middle class population in each country

61. Impact on concern on child mortality Question: As a result of reading this information on child mortality, would you say that you are…? Basis: Middle class population in each country

62. More interest in carrying out actions Question: Has this information on child mortality that you have just read raised your interest in carrying out actions in order to improve the situation? ANSWERS ‘YES’ Basis: Middle class population in each country

63. Likeliness in carrying out actions Question: And how likely are you to carry out any actions in order to fight child mortality in the next 12 months? Basis: Middle class population in each country

64. Actions to carry out Question: What actions would you carry out/ are you currently carrying out? Basis: Middle class population – respondents who declare to be willing to take action/ initiative regarding child mortality in the last 5 years. Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia Volunteering 54% 80% 47% 44% 79% 51% 59% 54% Donate Money 24% 58% 40% 36% 49% 56% 60% 25% Advocacy 38% 39% 29% 36% 51% 30% 28% 21% Participate in demonstrations 12% 16% 16% 46% 22% 25% 3% 9% Sign petitions / requests 7% 12% 4% 19% 17% 22% 18% 19% Support a political party / politician depending on their interest on this matter 12% 13% 14% 27% 14% 8% 9% 3% Others 1% 3% - 14% 2% - 3% 12% DK / NA 1% - 1% - 1% 1% - 2%

65. Reasons for not willing to carry out actions Question: Why wouldn’t you carry out any actions? Basis: Middle class population – respondents who declare NOT to be willing to take any action/ initiative regarding child mortality in the last 5 years. Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia I don't have the time 32% 18% 11% 13% 25% 48% 60% 45% I do not know what I can do to help 20% 36% 17% 20% 33% 26% 32% 17% I don't have enough money/resources 22% 25% 28% 29% 10% 5% 29% 13% Nothing that I could do would make a difference 19% 18% 22% 16% 30% 8% 5% 7% It is not my responsibility to solve it 6% 7% 19% 14% 11% 12% 6% 5% I am not interested in the issue 4% 3% 5% 13% 17% 3% 14% 8% It is not a serious problem 2% 6% 1% 2% 1% 6% 9% 3% DK / NA 4% 16% 3% 5% 1% 2% - 3%

66. Whom would they contact? Question: Could you please tell me the kind of organization or institution you would approach? Basis: Middle class population in each country who would know who to contact Ministry of Health and/or Local Government Health Department 42% Zambia Kenya Nigeria Mali Ethiopia India Cambodia Bolivia Hospital / clinics 55% 47% 38% 32% 66% 42% 53% 40% Community center 39% 27% 19% 34% 30% 26% 21% 18% International organizations 14% 27% 14% 35% 36% 31% 31% 20% Schools 20% 20% 22% 26% 41% 21% 32% 13% Civil society organizations 23% 20% 11% 18% 23% 53% 27% 15% Religious groups / institutions 25% 38% 32% 12% 26% 15% 3% 15% Political Parties 8% 10% 9% 10% 8% 20% 5% 5%

67. Leaders opinions

68. Universe: Leaders: policy makers and influencers Leaders belonged to different spheres: Policy makers, politicians, Religion leaders, Business leaders, Well known sport men and Women, singers, actors, Heads from local national NGOs, Journalists, media and broadcasting Data collection technique: Face to face interviews Sample size: 30 interviews were conducted in each country. Total: 120 interviews Sampling method: Convenience Sampling Methodology Specifications

69. General context

70. Top problems by country Basis: Leaders in each country Bolivia: Unemployment Poverty Lack of politic consensus Nigeria: Corruption Poverty Electricity problems Illiteracy India: Corruption Poverty Inflation Ethiopia: Poverty Economic problems/HIV Corruption Question: What would you say are the country’s most serious problems? (OPEN ENDED) And from these which one would you say is the most serious problem? (ONE MENTION) Mali: Unemployment Corruption Education Zambia: Corruption Unemployment Poverty HIV Kenya: Corruption Poverty Unemployment Health problems/ HIV Cambodia: Traffic accidents Drug/ Alcohol abuse Poverty Economic problems

74. Child mortality

75. Concern on Child Mortality Question: How concerned would you say you are about child mortality in your country? Basis: Leaders in each country

76. Assessment on seriousness of the issue Question: How would you rate the problem of child mortality in your country? Would you say it is...? Basis: Leaders in each country

79. Evolution on solving Child mortality in the past 3 years Question: Thinking about the present situation of child mortality in your country in the last 3 years, would you say that it has improved, it has got worse, or it has stayed the same? Basis: Leaders in each country

80. Evolution on solving Child mortality in the next 3 years Question: And thinking about the next 3 years, would you say that it will improve, will get worse, or will stay the same as it is now? Basis: Leaders in each country

81. Opinion on the possibility of solving Child Mortality Question: There are different opinions regarding child mortality. Which one would you say is closer to your view?: Child mortality in your country is a problem that … Basis: Leaders in each country

85. Actions

86. % who have taken actions/ initiatives regarding child mortality Question: Have you taken any action/ initiative regarding child mortality in the last 5 years? Basis: Leaders in each country

88. Reaction to Stimulus

89. Concern on the issue after seeing the stimulus Question: As a result of reading this information on child mortality, would you say that you are…? Basis: Leaders in each country

90. Interest on carrying out actions after seeing the stimulus Question: Has this information on child mortality that you have just read raised you interest in carrying out actions in order to modify the situation? Basis: Leaders in each country

91. Call for action Question: And how likely are you to carry out any actions in order to fight child mortality in the next 12 months? Basis: Leaders in each country

94. Summary

102. Annex I – Questionnaires used

103. Middle class population Questionnaire Your usual introduction, but add: We are conducting this survey in several countries around the world, asking people like you for their views and opinions regarding social issues. Please be assured that we are not selling or soliciting anything and that your responses will remain anonymous and only aggregated results will be reported General context – Agenda Q1. Which of the following do you think is the most important problem your country faces today? SHOW CARD 1 WITH PROBLEMS AND READ PROBLEMS OUT LOUD – SINGLE ANSWER Corruption Crime / Insecurity Drugs and drug abuse Economic problems Child Mortality Education Environmental issues HIV/ AIDS Other health problems Human rights violations Hunger/ not enough food Lack of democracy / lack of freedom Poverty Refugees, asylum, and refugee problems Religious / Ethnic problems Terrorism Unemployment Internal conflicts External conflicts The gap between the rich and the poor Others– specify DK/NA Q2. In the year 2000 the world leaders agreed on a certain number of programs to solve the world’s most important problems. A set of goals was established to be accomplished by 2015. This agreement is known as the Millennium Development Goals. Have you heard of this initiative? Yes No

104. Middle class population Questionnaire Q3. Next, I will enumerate the different Millennium Development Goals. Could you please tell me which one you consider the most important one for this country? READ OUT AND ROTATE. SINGLE ANSWER Q4. And which one do you think is the second most important goal for this country? READ OUT AND ROTATE. SINGLE ANSWER Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality and empower women Reduce child mortality Improve maternal health Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Ensure environmental sustainability Develop a global partnership for development None of these (DO NOT READ) DK/NA (DO NOT READ) Child mortality: Awareness – Problem dimension – People’s initiatives Now we are going to talk more specifically about child mortality Q5. Focusing on what you know about child mortality, how much would you say you know…? READ OUT – SINGLE ANSWER A great deal Fair amount Not very much Nothing DK / NA Q6. Which sources of information have you used to learn about the issue? READ OUT – MULTIPLE Magazines / Newspapers Radio TV Internet Campaigns in public places Community centers Comments of someone you know Others – specify None DK / NA

105. Middle class population Questionnaire Q7. How concerned would you say you are about child mortality in (MENTION COUNTRY) ? READ OUT - SINGLE ANSWER Very Somewhat Not very much Not at all DK / NA Q8.How would you rate the problem of child mortality in your country? Would you say it is...? READ OUT - SINGLE ANSWER Very serious Somewhat serious Not too serious Not serious at all DK / NA Q9. According to what you may know or may have heard: how many children under 5 die every year in your country? I know this is a difficult question and that you probably don’t know the number but your best estimation based on what you know or believe will do. SHOW CARD 2 - SINGLE ANSWER From 5,000 to 10,000 From 10,000 to 50,000 From 50,000 to 100,000 From 100,000 to 200,000 From 200,000 to 300,000 From 300,000 to 500,000 From 500,000 to 1,000,000 From 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 From 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 From 2,000,000 to 2,500,000 From 2,500,000 to 3,000,000 From 3,000,000 to 4,000,000 More than 4,000,000 DK/NA Q10. Regarding the present situation of child mortality in (MENTION COUNTRY) in the last 3 years, would you say that it has improved, it has got worse, or it has stayed the same? Improved Got worse Stayed the same DK/NA

106. Middle class population Questionnaire Q11. And thinking about the next 3 years, would you say that it will improve, it will get worse, or it wil l stay the same as it is now? Will improve Will get worse Will stay the same DK/NA Q12. One of the objectives to be achieved by 2015, as set by the world leaders in the Millennium Development Goals, is to reduce under-five mortality rate by two thirds. How likely do you think it is for this goal to be achieved in your country? READ OUT – SINGLE ANSWER Very likely Somewhat likely Somewhat unlikely Very unlikely DK / NA Q13. There are different opinions regarding child mortality. Which one would you say is closer to your view? READ OUT - SINGLE ANSWER Child mortality in NAME COUNTRY is a problem that cannot be solved Child mortality in NAME COUNTRY is a problem that can only be slightly improved Child mortality in NAME COUNTRY is a problem that can be greatly improved Child mortality in NAME COUNTRY is a problem that can be fully solved DK/NA FOR THOSE WHO ANSWER CODE 1 OR 2 IN Q13 – OTHERS GO TO Q15 Q14. Why do you think that child mortality is a problem that can not be solved / can only be slightly improved? ASK ACCORDING TO ANSWER IN Q13 ? OPEN ENDED ASK ALL Q15. a) When it comes to child mortality, who do you think is mostly responsible for its solution in MENTION COUNTRY ? (SHOW CARD 3) b) And who do you think would be the most efficient one in solving the problem in this country? c) And who would be the most reliable one? The local government The national government Civil society organizations International development organizations Donor Countries Others, who? No one DK/NA

107. Middle class population Questionnaire Q16. From what you may know or may have heard: what would you say is the main cause of child mortality in your country? UNAIDED – SINGLE ANSWER Q17. And from the following causes of child mortality that I am going to mention, which one would you say is the most relevant one in your country? SHOW CARD 4 – SINGLE ANSWER Malnutrition Lack of improved water & sanitation services Malaria Measles Acute Respiratory infections Diarrhea HIV / AIDS Droughts Wars / Tribal conflicts Lack of access to health services Pneumonia Infections Tetanus Other, specify DK/NA Q18. Have you taken any action/ initiative regarding child mortality in the last 5 years? Yes No IF IN Q18 THE ANSWER IS YES (CODE 1)– OTHERS GO TO Q20 Q19 Which kind of action/ initiative have you carried out? DO NOT READ OUT – IT CAN BE MULTIPLE Volunteering Donate Money Advocacy Sign p etitions / requests Participate in demonstrations Support a political party / politician depending on their interest on this matter Others – specify DK / NA

108. Middle class population Questionnaire IF THE ANSWER IN Q18 IS NO (CODE 2)– OTHERS GO TO Q 21 Q20. And why didn’t you take any action/ initiative regarding the child mortality issue in NAME COUNTRY ? DO NOT READ OUT – IT CAN BE MULTIPLE I am not interested in the issue I have no time It is not a serious problem Nothing that I could do would make a difference I do not know what I can do to help It is not my responsibility to solve it I don’t have enough money/resources Others – specify DK / NA Child mortality – Stimulus reaction Next I will show you a short document about the issue of child mortality SHOW DOCUMENT (CARD 5) ABOUT CHILD MORTALITY Some figures about child mortality in Kenya In Kenya 175.000 children under 5 die every year. More than 50% is due to acute respiratory infections, malaria and diarrhea. Most of these deaths could be prevented by providing antibiotics for Respiratory Infections; sleeping under mosquito nets for Malaria and giving the child to drink a simple solution made of sugar and salt in case of diarrhea. Most of these things are available locally and they are not expensive. Q21. Did you know the information you have just read? Yes No DK/NA Q22. What piece of information was most outstanding for you? READ OUT - SINGLE ANSWER The number of children dying every year The causes The solutions Other, specify (DO NOT READ OUT) Dk/ Na (DO NOT READ OUT)

109. Middle class population Questionnaire Q23. While you were reading this information on child mortality, did you have the feeling that people like you may be interested in the subject? Yes No DK/NA Q24. Would you like to receive similar information occasionally? Yes No DK/NA Q25. Did this information on child mortality give you the feeling that what was said or shown was worth communicating? Yes No DK/NA Q26. If you were talking to someone about child mortality, do you think that you would mention any of the points or impressions of the information you have just read? Yes No DK/NA Q27. As a result of reading this information on child mortality, would you say that you are…? READ OUT – SINGLE ANSWER More concerned about this issue As concerned as before Less concerned about this issue DK/NA ( DO NOT READ) Q28. Has this information on child mortality that you have just read raised your interest in carrying out actions in order to improve the situation? Yes No No, I already do so (UNAIDED) DK/NA Q29 And how likely are you to carry out any actions in order to fight child mortality in the next 12 months? READ OUT – SINGLE ANSWER Very likely Somewhat likely Somewhat unlikely Very unlikely DK / NA

110. Middle class population Questionnaire ASK ONLY THOSE WHO MENTIONED CODE 1 OR 2 IN Q29 - OTHERS GO TO Q31 Q30. What actions would you carry out/ are you currently carrying out? ASK ACCORDING TO ANSWER IN Q28. READ OUT –ROTATE ORDER – IT CAN BE MULTIPLE Volunteering Donate Money Advocacy Sign petitions / requests Participate in demonstrations Support a political party /politician depending on their interest in this matter Others– specify DK / NA ASK THOSE WHO MENTIONED CODE 3, 4 OR 9 IN Q29 Q31. Why wouldn’t you carry out any actions? I am not interested in the issue I don’t have the time It is not a serious problem Nothing that I could do would make a difference I do not know what I can do to help It is not my responsibility to solve it I don’t have enough money/resources Others – specify DK / NA ASK ALL Q32. If you were interested in carrying out any action in order to change the situation, would you know what organization or institution to approach? Yes No Q33. Could you please tell me the kind of organization or institution you would approach? DO NOT READ OUT –ROTATE ORDER – IT CAN BE MULTIPLE Schools Political parties Community center Religious groups / institutions Hospital / clinics International organizations Civil society organizations Others specify DK/ NA

111. Middle class population Questionnaire Q34. And would you know how to reach this organization? Yes No ASK ALL Q35. Could you please tell me how much confidence you have in each of the following? Would you say you have a lot of confidence, some confidence, not much confidence or no confidence at all? READ OUT AND ROTATE INSTITUTIONS – ONE ANSWER EACH Schooling system The press Political parties Religious groups / institutions Armed forces / the military Labor unions The justice system The civil service The police Hospital / clinics National government Major companies Civil Society Organizations International development organizations Donor Countries Q36. To what extent would you say that people like you may have an influence in social and political events that surround us? Would you say that you may influence: a great deal, a fair amount, not very much, or not at all? A great deal Fair amount Not very much Not at all DK / NA Q37. In general, how interested would you say you are in politics? READ OUT – SINGLE ANSWER A great deal Fair amount Not very interested Not interested Don’t know (DO NOT READ) No answer (DO NOT READ)

112. Middle class population Questionnaire Q38. Now I’m going to read out some forms of political action that people can take, and I’d like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have done any of these things, whether you might do them or would never under any circumstances do them. READ OUT PHRASES –ROTATE ORDER - SINGLE ANSWER Signing a petition Attending a demonstration Volunteering in a non-profit organization Being a member of a political party Donating money or something else for a cause Advocacy Demographics Gender Age Total household income before taxes Education: Highest attained Employment Religion Family Do you have any children? If yes: Do any of them live with you? Do you have any children under the age of 5? City Interview duration Interview date Supervision

113. Public opinion Leaders/ Influencers Questionnaire INTRODUCTION We appreciate that you have agreed to respond to our survey today. As we mentioned on the phone, you have been chosen at random from a diverse group of influential leaders and thinkers to take part in a survey about some challenges in NAME COUNTRY. Your responses to the survey will be kept confidential, and neither your name nor your professional position will be used in any publication. Results will be reported in aggregate form only. 1. What would you say are [COUNTRY] most serious problems? OPEN ENDED 2. And from these which one would you say is the most serious problem? ONE MENTION 3. What is the underlying reason for [RESPONSE TO 2] to be the biggest problem your country faces [COUNTRY]? OPEN ENDED Now we would like to talk specifically about one of [COUNTRY] problems: child mortality 4. How concerned would you say you are about child mortality in [COUNTRY]? READ OUT - SINGLE ANSWER Very Somewhat Not very much Not at all DK / NA 5. How would you rate the problem of child mortality in your country? Would you say it is...? READ OUT - SINGLE ANSWER Very serious Somewhat serious Not too serious Not serious at all DK / NA 6. Thinking about the present situation of child mortality in [COUNTRY] in the last 3 years, would you say that it has improved, it has got worse, or it has stayed the same? Improved Got worse Stayed the same DK/NA 7. And thinking about the next 3 years, would you say that it will improve, will get worse, or will stay the same as it is now? Will improve Will get worse Will stay the same DK/NA

114. Public opinion Leaders/ Influencers Questionnaire 8. You’ve said child mortality is ANSWER IN Q5 problem in [COUNTRY]. Why would you say this? What is the underlying reason? OPEN ENDED 9. Having said that, what things do you think [COUNTRY] could do to solve this problem? What else? Is there anything else you can think of? OPEN ENDED 10. And what do you think is the one best thing [COUNTRY] could do that would have the biggest impact on solving this problem? ONE MENTION ONLY. 11. What is the underlying reason for [RESPONSE TO 10] to be the best solution for child mortality in [COUNTRY]? OPEN ENDED 12. There are different opinions regarding child mortality. Which one would you say is closer to your view? READ OUT - SINGLE ANSWER Child mortality in NAME COUNTRY is a problem that cannot be solved Child mortality in NAME COUNTRY is a problem that can only be slightly improved Child mortality in NAME COUNTRY is a problem that can be greatly improved Child mortality in NAME COUNTRY is a problem that can be fully solved DK/NA FOR THOSE WHO ANSWER CODE 1 OR 2 IN Q12 – OTHERS GO TO Q14 Q13. Why do you think that child mortality is a problem that can not be solved / can only be slightly improved? ASK ACCORDING TO ANSWER IN Q12 ? OPEN ENDED 14. Have you taken any initiative regarding child mortality in the last 5 years? OPEN ENDED Yes No IF THE ANSWER IN Q14 IS YES (CODE 1)– OTHERS GO TO Q17 15 Which kind of initiative have you carried out? OPEN ENDED 16.a And how do you believe that this initiative could impact on the problem of child mortality? OPEN ENDED 16.b Which were the main issues and barriers that you faced when conducting this initiative? OPEN ENDED IF THE ANSWER IN Q14 IS NO (CODE 2) – OTHERS GO TO Q 18 17. And why haven’t you taken any initiative regarding child mortality in NAME COUNTRY ? Is there any other reason? OPEN ENDED

115. Public opinion Leaders/ Influencers Questionnaire SHOW DOCUMENT ABOUT CHILD MORTALITY: Some figures about child mortality in Kenya In Kenya 175.000 children under 5 die every year. More than 50% is due to acute respiratory infections, malaria and diarrhea. Most of these deaths could be prevented by providing antibiotics for Respiratory Infections; sleeping under mosquito nets for Malaria and giving the child to drink a simple solution made of sugar and salt in case of diarrhea. Most of these things are available locally and they are not expensive. 18. As a result of reading this information on child mortality, would you say that you are…? READ OUT – ONE ANSWER More concerned about this issue As concerned as before reading the information Less concerned about this issue DK/NA ( DO NOT READ) 19. Has this information on child mortality that you have just read raised you interest in carrying out actions in order to modify the situation? Yes No No, I already do so (UNAIDED) DK/NA 20 And how likely are you to carry out any actions in order to fight child mortality in the next 12 months? READ OUT – ONE ANSWER Very likely Somewhat likely Somewhat unlikely Very unlikely DK / NA ASK ONLY THOSE WHO MENTIONED CODE 1 OR 2 IN Q20. OTHERS GO TO Q21 21. What actions would you carry out/ are you currently carrying out? ASK ACCORDING TO ANSWER IN Q20. OPEN ENDED ASK THOSE WHO MENTIONED CODE 3, 4 OR 9 IN Q20 22. Why wouldn’t you carry out any actions? OPEN ENDED

116. Public opinion Leaders/ Influencers Questionnaire ASK ALL 23. Is there anything else you would like to add regarding [COUNTRY] child mortality and how it could best meet its challenges? OPEN ENDED Thank you very much for your time. Type of leader policy makers, politicians Religion leaders Business leaders well known sport men and Women, singers, actors heads from local national NGOs Journalists, media and broadcasting City Delhi Mumbai Chennai Kolkata Bangalore Interview duration : Please record in minutes Interview date : Please record DD/MM Supervision Was the interview supervised? This refers to directly as well as interviewee re contacted Yes No

117. Annex II – Middle class definition for each country

118. Bolivia In Bolivia, socioeconomic level is defined in terms of education, occupation and household income Middle class correspond to socioeconomic C, where: C1 or middle high represents 4% of the population and are households with monthly income above 1.500 US$ and whose head of household has university studies and works as manager in middle size and large companies, or owns and SME or is a successful independent professional. C2 or middle represents 12% of the population and are households with monthly incomes between 800 US$ y 1.500 US$ and whose head of household has more than high school studies (some specialization or university) and works as middle management in a private company or high management in public offices or as an independent professional. C3 or middle low represents 19% of the population and are households with monthly incomes between 500 US$ and 800 US$ and whose head of household has finished high school and works in a private company, in a public office or in a shop or as an independent professional.

119. Cambodia In Cambodia socioeconomic level is defined in terms of income. Based on Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey 1999 from the National Institute of Statistic, socioeconomic levels are defined as: US$ per month SEC Class More than 400 A 301 to 400 B 201 to 300 C 101 to 200 D Less than 100 E Where middle groups B and C are consider middle class. In order to decided if an interviewee belonged to middle class the following question was asked: Could you please tell me, which category on this card best describes your household income? Monthly Income Less than 50 USD (<200,000 R) 50 to 100 USD (200,001-400,000R) 101 to 150 USD (400,001-600,000R) 151 to 200 USD (600,001-800,000R) 201 to 250 USD (800,001-1,000,000R) 251 to 300 USD (1,000,001-1,200,000R) 301 to 350 USD (1,200,001-1,400,000R) 351 to 400 USD (1,400,001-1,600,000R) More than 400 USD (>1,600,000R) Don't Know Refused

120. India In India, socioeconomic level is defined in terms of education and occupation Below is the Socioeconomic grid for India – those highlighted in yellow correspond to the middle class Illiterate School up to 4 th School 5 th -9 th SSC/ HSC Grad. SSC/HSC. Not gradu GRAD/ P.G Genl GRAD/ P.G Profl Unskilled E2 E2 E1 D D D D Skilled worker E2 E1 D C C B2 B2 Petty trader E2 D D C C B2 B2 Shop owner D D C B2 B1 A2 A2 Business with number of employees D C B2 B1 A2 A2 A1 - None - 1 - 9 C B2 B2 B1 A2 A1 A1 - 10 + B1 B1 A2 A2 A1 A1 A1 Self empl profl. D D D B2 B1 A2 A1 Clerical/ salesman D D D C B2 B1 B1 Supervisory level D D C C B2 B1 A2 Off / exec - junior C C C B2 B1 A2 A2 Off/exec-mid/senior B1 B1 B1 B1 A2 A1 A1

121. Africa: Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, Zambia and Ethiopia In these countries Middle Class was defined in terms of the “ Living Standard Measure “ LSM is the most widely used tool in Africa to segment the population in Social Classes. It groups people according to their living standards using criteria such as degree of urbanization and ownership of cars and major appliances. In order to achieve this categorization a questionnaire is applied where each response implies a number of points, depending on the points is the social class the person belongs too. AB = 70 points and more C1 = 56 to 69 points C2 = 35 to 55 points D = less than 35 points In general, middle class belong to the C1 Social Economic Classification scale. These are individuals who have attained high education (University degree or slightly lower), live in a Medium density environment (in flats not necessarily detached, likely to own major household appliances e.g. Car, TV, fridge, etc. Questionnaire: Ownership - Which of the following things do you have at home? Description Points Household help 2 Fridge / deep freezer 3 Video 1 Car 2 Colour TV 1 Music system 1 Description Points Cable satellite 2 Telephone (land) 3 Telephone (mobile) 1 Personal driver 2 Multiple cars 3 Computer 3 Computer laptop 4 Generator 4 Description Points Air conditioning unit (split) 4 Satellite dish 3 Washing machine 4 Black & White TV 1 DVD (Digital video disk) 4

122. Africa: Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, Zambia and Ethiopia LSM Questionnaire (continuation) Cooking - What type of cooking facilities do you have at home? Toilet type - What type of toilet do you have at home? Main water source - What is your main water source? Description Points Gas / Electric cooker 2 Kerosene stove 1 Charcoal / wood 0 Description Points Inside / Outside WC 2 Pit latrine 1 None 0 Description Points Inside tap 2 Outside pipe borne tap 1 Self-owned borehole 3 Communal borehole 1 Well 1 Stream 0

123. Africa: Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, Zambia and Ethiopia LSM Questionnaire (continuation) Education - What is your highest level of achieved education? Residential area Type of house - How would you describe the place where you live? Description Points Primary incomplete 1 Primary complete 2 Secondary incomplete 3 Secondary complete 4 University / Polytechnic: OND 4 University / Polytechnic: HND 5 Post University incomplete 3 Post University complete 5 Illiterate / No education 0 Description Points Low density 3 Medium density 2 High density 1 Description Points Self-occupied bungalow 2 Villa 5 Flat 3 Duplex 4 Mini flat 2 Room and parlour 1 Room 1

124. Africa: Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, Zambia and Ethiopia LSM Questionnaire (continuation) Occupation - How would you describe your occupation? Lifestyle - Which of the following apply to you? Description Points Senior Management / Admin 5 Managing Director 5 Head of Department / Senior Manager 4 Manager 3 Professional e.g. Doctor, Lawyer, Engineer, Surveyor etc. 4 Skilled workers e.g. Mechanic, Tailor, Carpenter, Bricklayer etc. 2 Unskilled workers 1 Clerical workers 1 Unemployed, Housewife / Househusband, Student, Retired 0 Description Points I have membership to social / recreational club 3 I travel abroad for holidays 4 I read regularly as a habit 2 I spend leisure time with friends 1 I attend social occasions 1 I like modern fashion 1

125. MDG-4 Campaign Middle class population and Leaders’ attitudes and opinions towards Child Mortality GLOBAL REPORT June 2010 Preliminary Report