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Chapter 4 Defining Your Own Classes Part 1
Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Programmer-Defined Classes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First Example: Using the Bicycle Class class  BicycleRegistration  { public static void  main ( String []  args ) {  Bicycle bike1, bike2; String  owner1, owner2; bike1 =  new  Bicycle ( ) ;  //Create and assign values to bike1 bike1.setOwnerName ( "Adam Smith" ) ; bike2 =  new  Bicycle ( ) ;  //Create and assign values to bike2 bike2.setOwnerName ( "Ben Jones" ) ; owner1 = bike1.getOwnerName ( ) ;  //Output the information owner2 = bike2.getOwnerName ( ) ; System.out.println ( owner1 +  " owns a bicycle." ) ;  System.out.println ( owner2 +  " also owns a bicycle." ) ;  } }
The Definition of the Bicycle Class class  Bicycle  { // Data Member   private  String ownerName; //Constructor: Initialzes the data member public  void Bicycle ( ) { ownerName =  "Unknown" ; } //Returns the name of this bicycle's owner public  String getOwnerName ( ) { return  ownerName; } //Assigns the name of this bicycle's owner public void  setOwnerName ( String name ) { ownerName = name; }  }
Multiple Instances ,[object Object],Bicycle bike1, bike2; bike1 =  new  Bicycle ( ) ; bike1.setOwnerName ( "Adam Smith" ) ; bike2 =  new  Bicycle ( ) ; bike2.setOwnerName ( "Ben Jones" ) ;
The Program Structure and Source Files There are two source files. Each class definition is stored in a separate file. To run the program: 1. javac Bicycle.java  (compile) 2. javac BicycleRegistration.java  (compile) 3. java BicycleRegistration  (run) BicycleRegistration Bicycle BicycleRegistration.java Bicycle.java
Class Diagram for Bicycle Method Listing We list the name and the data type of an argument passed to the method. Bicycle setOwnerName(String) Bicycle( ) getOwnerName( )
Template for Class Definition class { } Import Statements Class Comment Class Name Data Members Methods (incl. Constructor)
Data Member Declaration ,[object Object],Modifiers Data Type Name Note: There’s only one modifier in this example.  ,[object Object]
Method Declaration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Statements Modifier Return Type Method Name Parameter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Constructor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Statements Modifier Class Name Parameter public  <class name>  (  <parameters>  ){   <statements>  }
Second Example: Using Bicycle and Account class  SecondMain  { //This sample program uses both the Bicycle and Account classes public static void  main ( String []  args ) { Bicycle bike; Account acct; String  myName =  &quot;Jon Java&quot; ; bike =  new  Bicycle ( ) ;  bike.setOwnerName ( myName ) ; acct =  new  Account ( ) ; acct.setOwnerName ( myName ) ; acct.setInitialBalance ( 250.00 ) ; acct.add ( 25.00 ) ; acct.deduct ( 50 ) ; //Output some information   System.out.println ( bike.getOwnerName ()  +  &quot; owns a bicycle and&quot; ) ;  System.out.println ( &quot;has $ &quot;  + acct.getCurrentBalance ()  +  &quot; left in the bank&quot; ) ;  } }
The Account Class class  Account  { private  String ownerName; private  double balance; public  Account ( ) {   ownerName =  &quot;Unassigned&quot; ;   balance = 0.0; } public void  add ( double amt ) { balance = balance + amt; } public void  deduct ( double amt ) { balance = balance - amt; } public double  getCurrentBalance ( ) { return  balance; } public  String getOwnerName ( ) { return  ownerName; } public void  setInitialBalance ( double bal ) { balance = bal; } public void  setOwnerName ( String name )   { ownerName = name; }   } Page 1 Page 2
The Program Structure for SecondMain To run the program: 1. javac Bicycle.java  (compile) 2. javac Account.java  (compile) 2. javac SecondMain.java  (compile) 3. java SecondMain  (run) Note: You only need to compile the class once. Recompile only when you made changes in the code. SecondMain Bicycle SecondMain.java Bicycle.java Account.java Account
Arguments and Parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],class  Account  { . . . public void  add ( double amt ) { balance = balance + amt; } . . . } class  Sample  { public static void   main ( String[] arg ) { Account acct = new Account(); . . . acct.add(400); . . . } . . . } argument parameter
Matching Arguments and Parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Passing Objects to a Method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Passing a Student Object
Sharing an Object ,[object Object],[object Object]
Information Hiding and Visibility Modifiers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Accessibility Example Client Service ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Data Members Should Be private ,[object Object],[object Object]
Guideline for Visibility Modifiers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagram Notation for Visibility public – plus symbol (+) private – minus symbol (-)
Class Constants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Sample Use of Constants class  Dice  { private static final int  MAX_NUMBER =  6; private static final int  MIN_NUMBER = 1; private static final int  NO_NUMBER = 0; private int  number; public  Dice ( ) { number = NO_NUMBER; } //Rolls the dice public void  roll ( ) { number =  ( int )   ( Math.floor ( Math.random ()  *  ( MAX_NUMBER - MIN_NUMBER + 1 ))  + MIN_NUMBER ) ; } //Returns the number on this dice public int  getNumber ( ) { return  number; }   }
Local Variables ,[object Object],public  double convert ( int num ) { double result; result = Math.sqrt(num * num); return  result;  } local variable
Local, Parameter & Data Member ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sample Matching class  MusicCD  { private  String  artist; private  String  title; private  String  id; public  MusicCD ( String name1, String name2 ) { String ident; artist = name1; title  = name2; ident  = artist.substring ( 0,2 )  +  &quot;-&quot;  +    title.substring ( 0,9 ) ; id  = ident; } ... }
Calling Methods of the Same Class ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changing Any Class to a Main Class ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problem Statement ,[object Object],[object Object]
Overall Plan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Required Classes input computation output LoanCalculator Loan JOptionPane PrintStream
Development Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Step 1 Design ,[object Object],Gets three input values private getInput Displays the output private displayOutput Displays a short description of a program private describeProgram Give three parameters, compute the monthly and total payments private computePayment Starts the loan calcution. Calls other methods public start Purpose Visibility Method
Step 1 Code ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Program source file is too big to list here. From now on, we ask you to view the source files using your Java IDE.
Step 1 Test ,[object Object],inside describeProgram inside getInput inside computePayment inside displayOutput
Step 2 Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Step 2 Code ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Step 2 Test ,[object Object],[object Object],System.out.println ( &quot;Loan Amount: $&quot;   + loan.getAmount ()) ; System.out.println ( &quot;Annual Interest Rate:&quot;   + loan.getRate ()  +  &quot;%&quot; ); System.out.println ( &quot;Loan Period (years):&quot;   + loan.getPeriod ()) ;
Step 3 Design ,[object Object],[object Object]
Step 3 Code ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Step 3 Test ,[object Object],[object Object]
Step 4 Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Step 4 Code ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Step 4 Test ,[object Object]
Step 5: Finalize ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Java căn bản - Chapter4

  • 1. Chapter 4 Defining Your Own Classes Part 1
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  • 4. First Example: Using the Bicycle Class class BicycleRegistration { public static void main ( String [] args ) { Bicycle bike1, bike2; String owner1, owner2; bike1 = new Bicycle ( ) ; //Create and assign values to bike1 bike1.setOwnerName ( &quot;Adam Smith&quot; ) ; bike2 = new Bicycle ( ) ; //Create and assign values to bike2 bike2.setOwnerName ( &quot;Ben Jones&quot; ) ; owner1 = bike1.getOwnerName ( ) ; //Output the information owner2 = bike2.getOwnerName ( ) ; System.out.println ( owner1 + &quot; owns a bicycle.&quot; ) ; System.out.println ( owner2 + &quot; also owns a bicycle.&quot; ) ; } }
  • 5. The Definition of the Bicycle Class class Bicycle { // Data Member private String ownerName; //Constructor: Initialzes the data member public void Bicycle ( ) { ownerName = &quot;Unknown&quot; ; } //Returns the name of this bicycle's owner public String getOwnerName ( ) { return ownerName; } //Assigns the name of this bicycle's owner public void setOwnerName ( String name ) { ownerName = name; } }
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  • 7. The Program Structure and Source Files There are two source files. Each class definition is stored in a separate file. To run the program: 1. javac Bicycle.java (compile) 2. javac BicycleRegistration.java (compile) 3. java BicycleRegistration (run) BicycleRegistration Bicycle BicycleRegistration.java Bicycle.java
  • 8. Class Diagram for Bicycle Method Listing We list the name and the data type of an argument passed to the method. Bicycle setOwnerName(String) Bicycle( ) getOwnerName( )
  • 9. Template for Class Definition class { } Import Statements Class Comment Class Name Data Members Methods (incl. Constructor)
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  • 13. Second Example: Using Bicycle and Account class SecondMain { //This sample program uses both the Bicycle and Account classes public static void main ( String [] args ) { Bicycle bike; Account acct; String myName = &quot;Jon Java&quot; ; bike = new Bicycle ( ) ; bike.setOwnerName ( myName ) ; acct = new Account ( ) ; acct.setOwnerName ( myName ) ; acct.setInitialBalance ( 250.00 ) ; acct.add ( 25.00 ) ; acct.deduct ( 50 ) ; //Output some information System.out.println ( bike.getOwnerName () + &quot; owns a bicycle and&quot; ) ; System.out.println ( &quot;has $ &quot; + acct.getCurrentBalance () + &quot; left in the bank&quot; ) ; } }
  • 14. The Account Class class Account { private String ownerName; private double balance; public Account ( ) { ownerName = &quot;Unassigned&quot; ; balance = 0.0; } public void add ( double amt ) { balance = balance + amt; } public void deduct ( double amt ) { balance = balance - amt; } public double getCurrentBalance ( ) { return balance; } public String getOwnerName ( ) { return ownerName; } public void setInitialBalance ( double bal ) { balance = bal; } public void setOwnerName ( String name ) { ownerName = name; } } Page 1 Page 2
  • 15. The Program Structure for SecondMain To run the program: 1. javac Bicycle.java (compile) 2. javac Account.java (compile) 2. javac SecondMain.java (compile) 3. java SecondMain (run) Note: You only need to compile the class once. Recompile only when you made changes in the code. SecondMain Bicycle SecondMain.java Bicycle.java Account.java Account
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  • 25. Diagram Notation for Visibility public – plus symbol (+) private – minus symbol (-)
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  • 27. A Sample Use of Constants class Dice { private static final int MAX_NUMBER = 6; private static final int MIN_NUMBER = 1; private static final int NO_NUMBER = 0; private int number; public Dice ( ) { number = NO_NUMBER; } //Rolls the dice public void roll ( ) { number = ( int ) ( Math.floor ( Math.random () * ( MAX_NUMBER - MIN_NUMBER + 1 )) + MIN_NUMBER ) ; } //Returns the number on this dice public int getNumber ( ) { return number; } }
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  • 30. Sample Matching class MusicCD { private String artist; private String title; private String id; public MusicCD ( String name1, String name2 ) { String ident; artist = name1; title = name2; ident = artist.substring ( 0,2 ) + &quot;-&quot; + title.substring ( 0,9 ) ; id = ident; } ... }
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  • 35. Required Classes input computation output LoanCalculator Loan JOptionPane PrintStream
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