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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
12 CFR Part 34
Docket ID OCC-2010-___
RIN 1557-AD23

FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
12 CFR Part 208
Docket No. R-1357

FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION
12 CFR Part 365
RIN 3064-AD43

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Office of Thrift Supervision
12 CFR Part 563
Docket No. 2009 - 0004
RIN 1550-AC33

FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION
12 CFR Part 610
RIN 3052-AC52

NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION
12 CFR Parts 741 and 761
RIN 3133-AD59



                        Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators

AGENCIES: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Treasury (OCC); Board of Governors

of the Federal Reserve System (Board); Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC); Office

of Thrift Supervision, Treasury (OTS); Farm Credit Administration (FCA); and National Credit

Union Administration (NCUA).


                                              1
ACTION: Final rule.

SUMMARY: The OCC, Board, FDIC, OTS, FCA, and NCUA (collectively, the Agencies) are

adopting final rules to implement the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act

(the S.A.F.E. Act). The S.A.F.E. Act requires an employee of a bank, savings association, credit

union or Farm Credit System (FCS) institution and certain of their subsidiaries that are regulated

by a Federal banking agency or the FCA (collectively, Agency-regulated institutions) who acts

as a residential mortgage loan originator to register with the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing

System and Registry, obtain a unique identifier, and maintain this registration. The final rule

further provides that Agency-regulated institutions must: (1) require their employees who act as

residential mortgage loan originators to comply with the S.A.F.E. Act‟s requirements to register

and obtain a unique identifier, and (2) adopt and follow written policies and procedures designed

to assure compliance with these requirements.

DATES: This final rule is effective on [INSERT FIRST DATE OF CALENDAR QUARTER

60 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. Compliance with

§ __.103 of the final rule (registration requirement) is required by the end of the 180-day period

for initial registrations beginning on the date the Agencies provide in a public notice that the

Registry is accepting initial registrations.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

OCC: Michele Meyer, Assistant Director, and Heidi Thomas, Special Counsel, Legislative and

Regulatory Activities, (202) 874-5090, and Nan Goulet, Senior Advisor, Large Bank

Supervision, (202) 874-5224, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, 250 E Street SW.,

Washington, DC 20219.




                                                 2
BOARD: Anne Zorc, Counsel, Legal Division, (202) 452-3876, Virginia Gibbs, Senior

Supervisory Analyst, (202) 452-2521, and Stanley Rediger, Supervisory Financial Analyst, (202)

452-2629, Division of Banking Supervision and Regulation, Board of Governors of the Federal

Reserve System, 20th and C Streets, N.W., Washington , D.C. 20551

FDIC: Thomas F. Lyons, Examination Specialist, (202) 898-6850, Victoria Pawelski, Senior

Policy Analyst, (202) 898-3571, or John P. Kotsiras, Financial Analyst, (202) 898-6620,

Division of Supervision and Consumer Protection; or Richard Foley, Counsel, (202) 898-3784,

or Kimberly A. Stock, Counsel, (202) 898-3815, Legal Division; Federal Deposit Insurance

Corporation, 550 17th Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20429.

OTS: Charlotte M. Bahin, Special Counsel (Special Projects), (202) 906-6452,

Vicki Hawkins-Jones, Special Counsel, Regulations and Legislation Division, (202) 906-7034,

Debbie Merkle, Project Manager, Credit Risk, (202) 906-5688, and Rhonda Daniels, Senior

Compliance Program Analyst, Consumer Regulations, (202) 906-7158, Office of Thrift

Supervision, 1700 G Street, NW., Washington, DC 20552.

FCA: Gary K. Van Meter, Deputy Director, Office of Regulatory Policy, Farm Credit

Administration, 1501 Farm Credit Drive, McLean, VA, (703) 883-4414, TTY (703) 883-4434;

Richard A. Katz, Senior Counsel, Office of General Counsel, Farm Credit Administration,

McLean, VA 22102-5090, (703) 883-4020, TTY (703) 883-4020; or Jennifer Cohn, Senior

Counsel, Office of General Counsel, Farm Credit Administration, McLean, VA 22102-5090,

(703) 883-4020, TTY (703) 883-4020.

NCUA: Regina Metz, Staff Attorney, Office of General Counsel, 703-518-6561; or Judy

Graham, Program Analyst, Division of Supervision, Office of Examination and Insurance, 703-


                                               3
518-6360, National Credit Union Administration, 1775 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-

3428.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:


I.       BACKGROUND

         A. Statutory Requirements

         The S.A.F.E. Act,1 enacted on July 30, 2008, mandates a nationwide licensing and

registration system for mortgage loan originators. Specifically, the Act requires all States to

provide for a licensing and registration regime for mortgage loan originators who are not

employed by Agency-regulated institutions within one year of enactment (or two years for States

whose legislatures meet biennially). In addition, the S.A.F.E. Act requires the OCC, Board,

FDIC, OTS and NCUA,2 through the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council

(FFIEC), and the FCA to develop and maintain a system for registering mortgage loan

originators employed by Agency-regulated institutions. The S.A.F.E. Act specifically prohibits

an individual from engaging in the business of residential mortgage loan origination without first

obtaining and maintaining annually: (1) a registration as a registered mortgage loan originator

and a unique identifier if employed by an Agency-regulated institution (Federal registration), or

(2) a license and registration as a State-licensed mortgage loan originator and a unique

identifier.3 The S.A.F.E. Act requires that Federal registration and State licensing and

         1
          The S.A.F.E. Act was enacted as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110-
289, Division A, Title V, sections 1501 – 1517, 122 Stat. 2654, 2810 – 2824 (July 30, 2008), codified at 12 U.S.C.
5101- 5116. Citations in this Supplementary Information section are to the “S.A.F.E. Act” by section number in the
public law.
         2
          The OCC, Board, FDIC, OTS, and NCUA are referred to both in the S.A.F.E. Act and in this rulemaking
as the “Federal banking agencies.”
         3
            If the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) determines that any State fails, within the
statutorily prescribed timeframe, to establish a licensing regime that meets the requirements of the S.A.F.E. Act, the
                                                          4
registration must be accomplished through the same online registration system, the Nationwide

Mortgage Licensing System and Registry (Registry).

         In connection with the Federal registration, the Agencies at a minimum must ensure that

the Registry is furnished with information concerning the mortgage loan originator‟s identity,

including: (1) fingerprints for submission to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and any

other relevant governmental agency for a State and national criminal history background check;

and (2) personal history and experience, including authorization for the Registry to obtain

information related to any administrative, civil, or criminal findings by any governmental

jurisdiction.4 On June 9, 2009, the Agencies issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to

implement these requirements for Agency-regulated institutions.5

         B. Implementing the Requirements for Federal Registration

         The Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) and the American Association of

Residential Mortgage Regulators (AARMR) have developed and maintain a Web-based system,

the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System (NMLS), for the State licensing of mortgage loan

originators in participating States.6 Mortgage loan originators in these States electronically


Secretary is required to establish a system for the licensing and registration of mortgage loan originators in that
State. S.A.F.E. Act at section 1508. See HUD proposed rule implementing this requirement at 75 FR 66548 (Dec.
15, 2009). HUD has reviewed the model legislation developed by the Conference of State Bank Supervisors and the
American Association of Residential Mortgage Regulators to assist States in meeting the minimum requirements of
the S.A.F.E. Act and found it to meet these requirements. See 74 FR 312 (Jan. 5, 2009) and
http://www.hud.gov/offices/hsg/ramh/safe/cmsl.cfm.
         4
             S.A.F.E. Act at section 1507(a) (12 U.S.C. 5106(a)).
         5
             74 FR 27386 (June 9, 2009).
         6
           As of the date of this final rule, 48 States and territories use the NMLS to manage the processing of their
mortgage licenses. This system is owned and operated by the State Regulatory Registry LLC (SRR), which is a
limited-liability company established by CSBS and the American Association of Residential Mortgage Regulators as
a subsidiary of CSBS to develop and operate nationwide systems for State regulators in the financial services
industry. SRR has contracted with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) to build and maintain the
system. FINRA operates similar systems in the securities industry. More information about this system is available
at http://www.stateregulatoryregistry.org.
                                                           5
complete a single uniform form (the MU4 form). The data provided on the form is stored

electronically in a centralized repository available to State regulators of mortgage companies,

who use it to process license applications and to authorize individuals to engage in mortgage

loan origination, as well as for other supervisory purposes.

        The Federal banking agencies, through the FFIEC, and the FCA are working with CSBS

to modify the NMLS so that it can accept registrations from mortgage loan originators employed

by Agency-regulated institutions. This modified registry will be renamed the Nationwide

Mortgage Licensing System and Registry. The existing NMLS was not designed to support the

Federal registration of Agency-regulated institution employees, who are not required to obtain

additional authorization from the appropriate Federal agency to engage in mortgage loan

origination activities that are permissible for the Agency-regulated institution. Accordingly, the

system must be modified to accommodate the differences between the requirements for State

licensing/registration and Federal registration. It also must be modified to accommodate the

migration of an individual between the State licensing/registration and the Federal registration

regimes or the dual employment of an individual by both an Agency-regulated institution and a

non-Agency-regulated institution.7 Furthermore, the S.A.F.E. Act requires new enhancements to

the current system, such as the processing of fingerprints and public access to certain mortgage

loan originator data. These modifications and enhancements require careful analysis and raise

complex legal and system development issues that the Agencies are addressing both through this

rulemaking and through consultation with the CSBS and the SRR. The OCC, on behalf of the



        7
          The Agencies note that some employees of Agency-regulated institutions may also be subject to the State
licensing and registration regime. For example, employees who act as mortgage loan originators for a bank and a
nondepository subsidiary of a bank holding company that is not a subsidiary of a depository institution would be
subject to both the Federal and State regimes.

                                                        6
Agencies, has entered into an agreement with the SRR that will provide for appropriate

consultation between the Agencies and the Registry concerning Federal registrant information

requirements and fees, system functionality and security, and other operational matters. The

issuance of this final rule establishing the requirements for Federal registrants will enable the

Agencies and SRR to complete modifications that will enable the system to accept Federal

registrations. As described in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of the proposed

rule, the Agencies will publicly announce the date on which the Registry will begin accepting

Federal registrations, which will mark the beginning of the period during which employees of

Agency-regulated institutions must complete the initial registration process.8 When fully

operational, mortgage loan originators and their Agency-regulated institution employers are

expected to have access to the Registry, seven days a week, to establish and maintain their

registrations.

II.     OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSAL AND PUBLIC COMMENTS

        The proposed rule required individuals employed by Agency-regulated institutions who

act as mortgage loan originators and who do not qualify for the de minimis exception set forth in

the proposal to register with the Registry, obtain unique identifiers, and maintain their

registrations through updates and renewals. The proposal also directed Agency-regulated

institutions to require compliance with these requirements, and to adopt and follow written

policies and procedures to assure such compliance. The S.A.F.E. Act does not require the

Registry to screen or approve registrations received from employees of Agency-regulated

institutions and the Registry will not do so. Instead, the Registry will be the repository of, and


        8
          Pursuant to section 1503(11) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(11)), Agency-regulated institutions and
their employees who are acting within the scope of their employment with the Agency-regulated institutions are not
subject to State licensing or registration requirements for mortgage loan originators.

                                                        7
conduit for, information on those employees who are mortgage loan originators at Agency-

regulated institutions. Pursuant to §§ ___.104(d) and (h) of the proposed rule, it would be the

responsibility of each Agency-regulated institution to establish reasonable procedures for

confirming the adequacy and accuracy of employee registrations as well as to establish a process

for reviewing any criminal history background reports received from the Registry.

        The proposal provided for a 180-day period within which to complete initial registrations

after the Registry is capable of accepting registrations from employees of Agency-regulated

institutions. During this period, employees of Agency-regulated institutions would not be

subject to sanctions if they originate residential mortgage loans without having completed their

registration.

        The Agencies received over 140 different comment letters from financial institutions and

holding companies, trade associations, Federal government agencies, a training company, and

individuals. A number of Agency-regulated institutions objected to the registration requirement

in general, suggesting that the registration requirement should not be applied to them because

they were not involved in the abuses that led to the enactment of the S.A.F.E. Act. In addition,

many of these commenters found the registration requirement overly burdensome, especially as

they are subject to regular examinations by the Agencies and they already closely supervise the

activities of their employees.

        Many commenters raised concerns related to the proposed de minimis exception from the

registration requirement. Under the proposed de minimis exception, a mortgage loan originator

would not have to register if he or she acted as a mortgage loan originator for five or fewer loans

and the Agency-regulated institution employs mortgage loan originators who, while excepted

from registration pursuant to the individual exception, in the aggregate acted as mortgage loan

                                                 8
originators in connection with 25 or fewer residential mortgage loans. Commenters suggested

raising the mortgage loan originator and institution loan limits or eliminating one of the limits.

Community bank trade associations were particularly concerned that the narrowness of the

exception would exclude most community banks. Some commenters suggested that the

exception should be tied to an asset-based threshold in the range of $250 million to $1 billion.

       Most commenters objected to having employees who engage in loan modifications or

assumptions register under the rule, noting that these activities are fundamentally different than

the mortgage loan origination process in that loan modifications and assumptions: (1) are loss

mitigation activities, not loan originations; (2) provide loan modification or assumption

personnel little to no discretion in negotiating the terms and conditions of any changes; and (3)

are outside of the Congressional intent and the plain language of the S.A.F.E. Act.

       While some commenters found the 180-day initial registration period adequate, a number

of commenters suggested alternative periods ranging up to one year. Some trade associations

and institutions supported staggering registration periods in order to reduce system demands and

to tailor an implementation schedule to the particular capacities of an institution or group of

institutions, as long as the implementation period would still be 180 days for each institution.

       A number of commenters also raised issues related to the provision of fingerprints to the

Registry. Commenters asserted that it was not appropriate to have an age limit on fingerprints as

they tend not to change; that the Registry should be able to accept fingerprints in a variety of

formats, such as paper and scanned digital prints; and that Agency-regulated institutions should

be permitted to use existing channels to process fingerprints.




                                                 9
Many commenters expressed privacy and security concerns regarding the types of

personal information that mortgage loan originators would have to provide to the Registry and

the ability of the public to have Internet access to such information.

         Trade associations and large Agency-regulated institutions overwhelmingly requested

that the Registry accommodate batch processing of registrations in order to reduce the costs and

burden of data input, reduce errors, and efficiently register bank employees.

         The Agencies have modified the proposal to take into account many of these comments.

A detailed discussion of these comment letters and the Agencies‟ responses to them appears in

the section-by-section description of the final rule that follows.9

III.     SECTION-BY-SECTION DESRIPTION OF THE FINAL RULE

Section ___.101 – Authority, purpose, and scope

         The Agencies adopt paragraphs (a) and (b) of § ____.101 as proposed.10 Paragraph (a)

identifies the authority for this rule as the S.A.F.E. Act.11 Paragraph (b) states that this rule

implements the S.A.F.E. Act‟s Federal registration requirements, which apply to individuals who

originate residential mortgage loans. This provision also describes the objectives of the S.A.F.E.

Act, which are derived from section 1502 of the Act (12 U.S.C. 5101).

         As in the proposal, paragraph (c)(1) of § ___.101 of the final rule identifies the specific

entities that employ individual mortgage loan originators – entities referred to in this


         9
          In addition to the changes described in this Supplementary Information section, the Agencies have
replaced the cites in the proposed rule to sections of the S.A.F.E. Act with cites to the relevant provisions in the U.S.
Code.
         10
           Because each Agency‟s proposed rule will amend a different part of the Code of Federal Regulations, but
will have similar numbering, relevant sections are cited as “§ ___.” followed by a number, unless otherwise noted.
         11
           The Board and the OCC note that the authority in paragraph (a) of their respective rules supplements
their authority to implement the S.A.F.E. Act, for example, Section 11 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C.
248(a)) for the Board and section 5239A of the Revised Statutes (12 U.S.C. 93a).

                                                           10
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section as Agency-regulated institutions – and that also

are covered by this rule. Under the S.A.F.E. Act, a mortgage loan originator must be Federally-

registered if that individual is an employee of a depository institution, an employee of any

subsidiary owned and controlled by a depository institution and regulated by a Federal banking

agency, or an employee of an institution regulated by the FCA.12 Section 1503(2) of the

S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(2)) provides that “depository institution” has the same meaning as

in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (FDI Act),13 and includes any credit union. As

we noted in the proposal, the definition of “depository institution” in the FDI Act and in the

S.A.F.E. Act does not include bank or savings association holding companies or their non-

depository subsidiaries. Employees of these entities who act as mortgage loan originators are not

covered by the Federal registration requirement and, therefore, must comply with State licensing

and registration requirements.

         With respect to the OCC, this rule applies to national banks, Federal branches and

agencies of foreign banks, their operating subsidiaries, and their employees who are mortgage

loan originators.14 For the Board, this rule applies to member banks of the Federal Reserve


         12
           Agency-regulated institutions and their employees acting within the scope of their employment are
subject only to the Federal registration requirements of the S.A.F.E. Act as implemented by the Agencies through
this rulemaking, even if registration in the State system is available before Federal Registration. In consultation with
the Agencies, CSBS/SRR are modifying the Registry so that it can accept registrations from employees of Agency-
regulated institutions. An employee of an Agency-regulated institution may be engaged in activities outside the
scope of his or her employment at an Agency-regulated institution that subject that employee to State licensing and
registration requirements, such as dual employment at a non-Agency-regulated institution.
         13
            Section 3 of the FDI Act defines “depository institution” as any bank or savings association. The term
“bank” in section 3 of the FDI Act means any national bank, State bank, Federal branch, and insured branch and
includes any former savings association. The term “savings association” means any Federal savings association,
state savings association, and any corporation other than a bank that the FDIC and the OTS jointly determine to be
operating in substantially the same manner as a savings association. 12 U.S.C. 1813.
         14
           The S.A.F.E. Act's definition of depository institution includes Federal branches of foreign banks but not
Federal agencies of foreign banks. Federal agencies are authorized by sections 1(b)(1) and 4(b) of the International
Banking Act of 1978 (12 U.S.C. 3101(b)(1) and 3102(b)) and 12 CFR 28.11(g) and 28.13(a)(1) of the OCC's
regulations to lend money, which would include originating mortgage loans, subject to the same duties, restrictions,
                                                          11
System (other than national banks); their respective subsidiaries that are not functionally

regulated within the meaning of section 5(c)(5) of the Bank Holding Company Act, as amended

(12 U.S.C. 1844(c)(5));15 branches and agencies of foreign banks (other than Federal branches,

Federal agencies and insured State branches of foreign banks); commercial lending companies

owned or controlled by foreign banks;16 and their employees who act as mortgage loan

originators. For the FDIC, this rule applies to insured State nonmember banks (including State-

licensed insured branches of foreign banks) and their subsidiaries (except brokers, dealers,

persons providing insurance, investment companies, and investment advisers) and their

employees who are mortgage loan originators. For the OTS, this rule applies to savings

associations and their operating subsidiaries, and their employees who are mortgage loan

originators. For the FCA, this rule applies to FCS institutions that originate residential mortgage

loans under sections 1.9(3), 1.11 and 2.4(a)(2) and (b) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as

amended (12 U.S.C. 2017(3), 2019, and 2075(a)(2) and (b)), and their employees who are


penalties, liabilities, conditions, and limitations that would apply to a national bank. Thus, the Federal registration
requirements apply to Federal agencies of foreign banks to the extent the registration requirements apply to national
banks.
         15
           The S.A.F.E. Act, by its terms, applies the Federal registration requirements to employees of a subsidiary
that is owned and controlled by a State member bank and regulated by the Board. For purposes of the scope of the
Board‟s rules, these subsidiaries are described as those that are not functionally regulated within the meaning of
section 5(c)(5) of the Bank Holding Company Act. Subsidiary has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the
Bank Holding Company Act (12 U.S.C. 1841), as applied to State member banks.
         16
             The Board notes that its final rule covers branches and agencies of foreign banks (other than Federal
branches, Federal agencies and insured State branches of foreign banks) and commercial lending companies owned
or controlled by foreign banks pursuant to its authority under the International Banking Act (IBA) (Chapter 32 of
Title 12) to issue such rules it deems necessary in order to perform its respective duties and functions under the
chapter and to administer and carry out the provisions and purposes of the chapter and prevent evasions thereof.
12 U.S.C. 3108(a). The Board notes that the IBA provides, in relevant part, that the above entities shall conduct their
operations in the United States in full compliance with provisions of any law of the United States which impose
requirements that protect the rights of consumers in financial transactions, to the extent that the branch, agency, or
commercial lending company engages in activities that are subject to such laws, and apply to State-chartered banks,
doing business in the State in which such branch or agency or commercial lending company, as the case may be, is
doing business. 12 U.S.C. 3106a(1). Under the Board‟s final rule, the above entities would be subject to the same
Federal registration requirements as Federal branches, Federal agencies and insured State branches of foreign banks,
which are covered in the OCC and FDIC rules, respectively.
                                                          12
mortgage loan originators.17 For the NCUA, this rule applies to credit unions and their

employees who are mortgage loan originators. Because non-federally insured credit unions

generally are not federally regulated institutions, special registration conditions apply to them as

discussed below.

         As discussed in Section II, a number of commenters objected to the application of this

registration requirement to employees of Agency-regulated depository institutions because, in

general, they are subject to regular examinations, would be overly burdened by the registration

requirement, and already closely supervise the activities of their employees. Some commenters

noted that this registration requirement would penalize them for the inappropriate actions of

other lenders that led to the enactment of the S.A.F.E. Act.

         The Agencies note that the registration of mortgage loan originators employed by

Agency-regulated institutions is explicitly required by the S.A.F.E. Act. The statute imposes a

registration requirement, rather than a licensing requirement, on the employees of Agency-

regulated institutions. The Agencies note that such institutions (other than non-federally insured

credit unions) already are subject to a Federal regime of examination and supervision. The

S.A.F.E. Act does not authorize the Agencies to create exceptions to the registration requirement

other than the de minimis exception described below.




         17
              Some FCS associations may not exercise their statutory authority to make residential mortgage loans,
and FCS banks no longer engage in residential mortgage origination activities because they have transferred their
direct lending authority to their affiliated associations. The FCA emphasizes that employees of FCS banks and
associations that do not engage in residential mortgage loan origination activities are not subject to the registration
requirements of the S.A.F.E. Act and these regulations. The Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer
Mac) is an FCS institution that among other activities operates a secondary market for rural residential mortgage
loans. The FCA determines that Farmer Mac employees are not subject to the registration requirements of the
S.A.F.E. Act and these implementing regulations because Farmer Mac does not engage in mortgage loan origination
activities for rural residents. The Farmer Mac secondary market is modeled after Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and
the provisions of the S.A.F.E. Act do not expressly apply to employees at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

                                                          13
Some credit union-related commenters discussed whether the final rule should apply to

credit union service organizations (CUSOs). The NCUA notes that it answered these questions

in a public legal opinion letter 08-0843, dated October 8, 2008, available on NCUA‟s Web site,

www.ncua.gov. The S.A.F.E. Act treats employees of depository institution subsidiaries the

same as employees of the depository institution, if the subsidiary is owned and controlled by the

depository institution and regulated by a Federal banking agency.18 In the case of CUSOs,

however, NCUA does not have direct regulatory oversight or enforcement authority. Instead,

NCUA regulation permits federal credit unions to invest in or lend only to CUSOs that conform

to the limits specified in the CUSO rule, 12 CFR Part 712.19 NCUA has not, historically,

asserted that CUSOs or their employees are exempt from applicable State licensing regimes, and

the S.A.F.E. Act does not alter that approach. Nor do NCUA regulations have any applicability

to CUSOs owned by State-chartered credit unions.20 Accordingly, individuals employed by

CUSOs that engage in residential mortgage loan origination activities, whether the CUSO is

owned by a State or a federal credit union, would need to be licensed in accordance with

applicable State requirements.


       Some commenters also asked whether non-federally insured credit unions must register

with the Registry. NCUA‟s proposed rule applied to federally insured credit unions and their

employees who are mortgage loan originators but commenters requested NCUA include non-

federally insured credit unions and their employees who are mortgage loan originators in the

scope of NCUA‟s final rule. The S.A.F.E. Act requires the Agencies to develop and maintain a



       18
            Section 1503(7)(A)(ii) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(7)(A)(ii)).
       19
            12 CFR Part 712.

                                                         14
system for registering employees of a depository institution, defined to include “any credit

union.”21 Consistent with the S.A.F.E. Act and in response to comments, NCUA‟s final rule

provides for a system for registering employees of any credit union. NCUA‟s final rule applies

to federally insured credit unions and their employees who are mortgage loan originators and

non-federally insured credit unions and their employees who are mortgage loan originators when

certain conditions are met and formal agreements reached.


        When drafting its final rule, NCUA considered that, with the exception of non-federally

insured credit unions, entities covered by the Federal registration system are subject to Federal

oversight. Entities subject to the Federal registration system are labeled throughout the rule as

“Agency-regulated institutions.” Unlike Federal credit unions and federally insured state-

chartered credit unions, non-federally insured credit unions are neither federally insured nor

subject to NCUA‟s oversight. In order for non-federally insured credit unions and their

employees who are mortgage loan originators to qualify for Federal registration, they must be

subject to oversight for purposes of compliance with NCUA‟s rule. Therefore, due to the unique

nature of non-federally insured credit unions compared with all other credit unions, NCUA is

working with State supervisory authorities in those States with non-federally insured credit

unions to implement an oversight program to enable them to participate in the Federal

registration system.


        The oversight program will require a State supervisory authority seeking to allow non-

federally insured credit unions in its State to participate in the Federal registration system to


        20
             In April 2008, the NCUA Board issued a proposed rule that would extend some provisions of the CUSO
rule to state chartered institutions. See 73 FR 23982 (May 1, 2008). The proposal has not yet been finalized.
        21
             Sections 1507(a)(1) and 1503(1) and (2) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5106(a)(1) and 5102(1) and (2)).
                                                          15
enter into a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with NCUA. The MOU will need to address

various requirements such as, but not limited to: the requirement for an applicable State

supervisory authority to maintain such an MOU to allow non-federally insured credit unions and

their employees in its State to have continuous access to, and use of, the registry; examination of

the non-federally insured credit unions‟ compliance with the rule by either the State supervisory

authority or NCUA; non-federally insured credit unions‟ payment of examination fees and

payment for any necessary Registry modifications; and enforcement authority and penalties for

non-federally insured credit unions for noncompliance. Any information provided by the

Registry to the public about non-federally insured credit unions and their employees must

include a clear and conspicuous statement that the non-federally insured credit union is not

insured by the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund.


       If any State supervisory authority where non-federally insured credit unions are located

fails to enter into or maintain an agreement with NCUA for this registration process and

oversight, the non-federally insured credit unions and their employees in that State cannot

register or maintain an existing registration under the Federal system. They instead must use the

appropriate State licensing and registration system, or if the State does not have such a system,

the licensing and registration system established by the Department of Housing and Urban

Department (HUD) for mortgage loan originators and their employees.22 In addition, NCUA‟s

final rule requires that the State supervisory authorities who seek to have non-federally insured

credit unions in their states participate in the Federal registration system enter into the applicable




       22
            HUD published its proposed rule to establish this system on December 15, 2009. See 74 FR 66548.

                                                        16
agreement with NCUA on or before the date the Agencies provide in a public notice that the

Registry is accepting initial registrations.


         Finally, NCUA acknowledges that, while it is an added requirement for non-federally

insured credit unions to have their State supervisory authorities enter into an agreement with

NCUA, this is necessary to have any oversight or enforcement authority at all over these entities.

Absent any agreement, non-federally insured credit unions cannot participate in the Federal

registration system. They are not subject to a Federal regime of examination and supervision,

and are unlike any other Agency-regulated depository institutions covered under this rule.

Therefore, they are subject to a different procedure to participate in the same Federal registration

system.

         Section 1507 of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5106) requires the Federal banking agencies

to make such de minimis exceptions “as may be appropriate” to the Act‟s registration

requirements.23 Paragraph (c)(2) of § ___.101 of the proposed rule provided a de minimis

exception based on an individual‟s and, in the aggregate, an institution‟s total number of

residential mortgage loans originated in a rolling 12-month period. Specifically, the proposal

provided that the registration requirements would not apply to an employee of an Agency-

regulated institution if, during the last 12 months: (1) the employee acted as a mortgage loan

originator for 5 or fewer residential mortgage loans; and (2) the Agency-regulated institution


         23
             See S.A.F.E. Act at sections 1507(c) (12 U.S.C. 5106(c)) (de minimis exceptions), 1504(a)(1)(A) (12
U.S.C. 5103(a)(1)(A)) (requirement to register), 1504(a)(2) (12 U.S.C. 5103(a)(2)) (requirement to obtain a unique
identifier). As discussed in the Supplementary Information section of the proposed rule, the FCA has authority
under section 5.17(a)(11) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended, 12 U.S.C. 2252(a)(11), to apply the de
minimis exception to FCS institutions. Section 5.17(a)(11) of the Farm Credit Act authorizes the FCA to “exercise
such incidental powers as may be necessary or appropriate to fulfill its duties . . . .” In this case, the FCA is
exercising its incidental powers to fulfill the requirement in the S.A.F.E. Act that it work together with the Federal
banking agencies to develop and maintain a system for registering residential mortgage loan originators at Agency-
regulated institutions with the Registry. A coordinated and uniform approach to the de minimis exception among
the Agencies is appropriate because it best fulfills the objectives of the S.A.F.E. Act.
                                                          17
employs mortgage loan originators who, while excepted from registration pursuant to this

section, in the aggregate, acted as a mortgage loan originator in connection with 25 or fewer

residential mortgage loans.

       The Agencies received many, and varied, comments on this de minimis exception. Most

commenters supported an exception to the rule‟s requirements. However, a majority of the

commenters did not agree with the proposal‟s formulation of this exception, nor did they agree

on an alternative. Specifically, some commenters requested that the Agencies raise the threshold

number of loans originated by an individual mortgage loan originator and/or the institution so

that more low-volume originators would qualify for the exception. These commenters indicated

that, because of its narrowness, too few institutions would be able to use the exception as

proposed and others would unnecessarily register employees solely to avoid accidental non-

compliance with the rule. Some, however, thought that the proposed threshold numbers were too

high, and could cause an institution to spread its originations over numerous employees to avoid

registration. Still others said that the proposed de minimis exception would be fairer, and much

easier to apply, if the threshold limitation applied only to the employee or to the institution, but

not both. A Federal government agency commenter found that the proposed definition of de

minimis would make the rule unduly burdensome on small community banks.

       A number of commenters also suggested that the final rule base a de minimis exception

on a percentage of total loans or the total loan volume made at each institution, instead of the

number of loans. Some trade associations and smaller institutions requested that the de minimis

exception be based on an institution‟s asset-size, with suggestions ranging from the Home




                                                 18
Mortgage Disclosure Act24 threshold for institutions regulated by a Federal banking agency,

currently set by the Board at $39 million in assets,25 to $1 billion, which would be consistent

with exceptions for small institutions in other provisions of law. Other commenters opposed an

asset-based approach, with larger Agency-regulated institutions noting that the exceptions should

not be structured to benefit only small institutions.

       Other commenters wanted the exception to be applied to institutions with no prior history

of mortgage origination fraud or to institutions with good performance histories from previous

supervisory examinations, regardless of the number of loans originated. Some commenters also

suggested that the exception should apply only to individuals who do not regularly or principally

function as a mortgage loan originator. Some commenters noted that the exception could instead

be based on the percentage of time an employee spends engaged in the origination of residential

mortgage loans.

       The Agencies also received conflicting comments on whether to aggregate a subsidiary's

loans with the parent institution for determining de minimis qualification. One commenter

opposed such aggregation, while another stated that an institution should be required to

aggregate its loan data with that of its subsidiaries so that institutions could not “game” the

system by creating new subsidiaries each time a subsidiary approaches the de minimis limit.

Still other commenters pointed out that it would be very time consuming and burdensome to

game the de minimis limit – rendering gaming opportunities essentially unrealistic.

       Many commenters noted the complexity of the proposed exception. One commenter

stated that the de minimis exception would not have any significant effect because the


       24
            12 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.
       25
            See 12 CFR 203.2 (Regulation C).

                                                 19
complexity of complying with it would outweigh its benefits. Others noted that the proposed

exception would be difficult for an institution to monitor and maintain. Some commenters

appeared to misinterpret the proposed aggregate exception.

       The Agencies agree that the de minimis exception should be simplified, and, in particular,

that it should be structured so that it may be utilized by an individual who does not regularly or

principally function as a mortgage loan originator employed by any Agency-regulated institution,

regardless of the size or loan volume of the institution. Therefore, the final rule eliminates the

aggregate exception and includes only the first prong of the proposed de minimis exception,

which applies only to individuals. The final rule also provides that this exception only applies if

the employee has never before been registered or licensed though the Registry.

       Final § ___. 101(c)(2) thus provides that the registration requirements of this section do

not apply to an employee of an Agency-regulated institution who has never been registered or

licensed through the Registry as a mortgage loan originator and who has acted as a mortgage

loan originator for 5 or fewer residential mortgage loans during the last 12 months. In order to

prevent manipulation of the registration requirement by structuring this exception to apply to

multiple employees who each would not meet the exception‟s threshold for registration, the final

rule prohibits any Agency-regulated institution from engaging in any act or practice to evade the

limits of the de minimis exception. The Agencies believe that replacing the proposed institution

limit with this anti-evasion prohibition is appropriate and will discourage circumvention of

registration requirements without increasing an institution‟s administrative burden.

       Monitoring compliance with the exception as revised should be less burdensome for

Agency-regulated institutions. In addition, in the Agencies‟ view, this revised exception better

balances the usefulness of the exception to Agency-regulated institutions and their mortgage loan

                                                 20
originators with the consumer protection and fraud prevention purposes of the S.A.F.E. Act.

Although the final rule specifically applies this anti-evasion provision to the de minimis

exception, Agency-regulated institutions must not engage in any act or practice to evade any

other requirement of the S.A.F.E. Act or this final rule.

         The Agencies note that, as with the proposal, an employee must register with the Registry

prior to engaging in mortgage loan origination activity that exceeds the exception limit. In

addition, the Agencies note that the de minimis exception contained in the final rule is voluntary;

it does not prevent a mortgage loan originator who meets the criteria for the exception from

registering with the Registry if the originator chooses to do so or if his or her employer requires

registration.

         The Agencies note that the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) has directed Fannie

Mae and Freddie Mac to require all mortgage loan applications taken on and after July 1, 2010,

to include the mortgage loan originator‟s unique identifier.26 Agency-regulated institutions

should be aware of this requirement and any future guidance that FHFA may issue to address the

Agencies‟ implementation of the Federal registration process, including the de minimis

exception.

         The Agencies received a comment from one large financial institution requesting that we

clarify whether the failure of a mortgage loan originator to register pursuant to this rulemaking

has any substantive impact on a mortgage loan made by an institution that employs that

originator. Neither the S.A.F.E. Act nor this subpart provides that a mortgage loan originator‟s




         26
            See FNMA LL 02-2009: New Mortgage Loan Data Requirements (02/13/09). The Agencies, however,
expect that FHFA will provide some flexibility with this deadline, and perhaps establish a transition period to reflect
the readiness of the Registry to begin accepting Federal registrations and this final rule‟s initial registration period.

                                                           21
failure to register as required affects the validity or enforceability of any mortgage loan contract

made by the institution that employs the originator.

        A few commenters suggested that in addition to the registration requirements, the final

rule should impose educational and testing requirements on mortgage loan originators, as the

S.A.F.E. Act does for State-licensed originators. The Agencies decline to impose such

requirements. The S.A.F.E. Act does not include educational or testing requirements for

mortgage loan originators employed by Agency-regulated institutions. In addition, as noted

previously, the statute imposes different requirements on mortgage loan originators employed by

Agency-regulated institutions. The Agencies note that these institutions already are subject to

extensive Federal oversight, including regular on-site examination of their mortgage lending

activities.

Section ___.102 - Definitions

        Section ___.102 defines the terms used in the final rule. If a term is defined in the

S.A.F.E. Act, the Agencies generally have incorporated the same definition in the final rule. The

final rule also includes other definitions currently used by the NMLS in order to promote

consistency and comparability, insofar as is feasible, between Federal registration requirements

and the States‟ licensing requirements.

         Annual renewal period. Proposed § __.102(a) required that a mortgage loan originator

renew his or her registration annually during the annual renewal period and defined this period as

November 1 through December 31 of each year. This is the same annual renewal period

currently provided by the NMLS to mortgage loan originators regulated by a State.

        This time period for renewals generated many comments. A few commenters suggested

that the renewal period for Agency-regulated institutions should be at a different time of year

                                                 22
than for originators regulated by a State. Others stated that the renewal period should be based

upon the original registration date or original hire date, noting that a staggered registration

process would be less burdensome for the Registry. Another commenter suggested that the

employing institution determine its own renewal period for its employees. Still other

commenters requested that this renewal period be lengthened from 60 to 90 days.

       The Agencies decline to change the dates for the annual renewal period. As indicated

above, the current system for originators regulated by a State is configured for an annual renewal

period from November 1 through December 31. A different renewal period for originators

employed by Agency-regulated institutions would involve functionality changes to the existing

system, adding costs and lengthening the implementation time. In addition, the Agencies note

that different renewal periods could cause confusion and added burden to those originators who

may work for both a State-regulated and Agency-regulated institution or who may switch from a

State-regulated institution to an Agency-regulated institution during the year, and to employers

of such originators, as well as for institutions that control both State- and Agency-regulated

institutions. For these same reasons, the Agencies also decline to increase the renewal period

from 60 to 90 days. Therefore, the final rule retains the proposed renewal period of November 1

through December 31 of each year.

       Mortgage loan originator. The proposed definition of “mortgage loan originator” was

based on the definition of the term “loan originator” included in the S.A.F.E. Act at section

1503(3) (12 U.S.C. 5102(3)). As defined by the S.A.F.E. Act, this term means an individual who

takes a residential mortgage loan application and offers or negotiates terms of a residential

mortgage loan for compensation or gain. The term does not include an individual who is not a

mortgage loan originator and: (1) performs purely administrative or clerical tasks on behalf of an

                                                  23
individual who is a mortgage loan originator; (2) performs only real estate brokerage activities

(as defined in section 1503(3)(D) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(3)(D))27 and is licensed or

registered as a real estate broker in accordance with applicable State law, unless the individual is

compensated by a lender, a mortgage broker, or other loan originator or by any agent of such

lender, mortgage broker, or other mortgage loan originator; or (3) is solely involved in

extensions of credit related to timeshare plans, as that term is defined in 11 U.S.C. 101(53D).28

         For purposes of the definition of mortgage loan originator, section 1503(3)(C) of the

S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(3)(C)) defines “administrative or clerical tasks” to mean: (1) the

receipt, collection, and distribution of information common for the processing or underwriting of

a loan in the mortgage industry; and (2) communication with a consumer to obtain information

necessary for the processing or underwriting of a residential mortgage loan. The proposal

included this definition as well, with one nonsubstantive difference – the proposal used the

phrase “residential mortgage industry” instead of “loan in the mortgage industry” in the first

prong of the definition.


         27
             The S.A.F.E. Act defines “real estate brokerage activity” to mean any activity that involves offering or
providing real estate brokerage services to the public, including: (i) acting as a real estate agent or real estate broker
for a buyer, seller, lessor, or lessee of real property; (ii) bringing together parties interested in the sale, purchase,
lease, rental, or exchange of real property; (iii) negotiating, on behalf of any party, any portion of a contract relating
to the sale, purchase, lease, rental, or exchange of real property (other than in connection with providing financing
with respect to any such transaction); (iv) engaging in any activity for which a person engaged in the activity is
required to be registered or licensed as a real estate agent or real estate broker under any applicable law; and (v)
offering to engage in any activity, or act in any capacity, described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv), above. S.A.F.E.
Act at section 1503(3)(D) (12 U.S.C. 5102(3)(D)) Nothing in this rule would constitute an authorization for
Agency-regulated institutions to engage in real estate brokerage, or any other activity, for which the institution does
not have independent authority pursuant to Federal or State law, as applicable.
         28
              “Timeshare plan” is defined in 11 U.S.C. 101(53D) as an interest purchased in any arrangement, plan,
scheme, or similar device, but not including exchange programs, whether by membership, agreement, tenancy in
common, sale, lease, deed, rental agreement, license, right to use agreement, or by any other means, whereby a
purchaser, in exchange for consideration, receives a right to use accommodations, facilities, or recreational sites,
whether improved or unimproved, for a specific period of time less than a full year during any given year, but not
necessarily for consecutive years, and which extends for a period of more than three years. A "timeshare interest" is
that interest purchased in a timeshare plan which grants the purchaser the right to use and occupy accommodations,
facilities, or recreational sites, whether improved or unimproved, pursuant to a timeshare plan.
                                                            24
The Agencies included an appendix to the proposal that listed examples of the types of

activities the Agencies consider to be both within and outside the scope of residential mortgage

loan origination activities. The final rule retains this appendix with certain changes as discussed

in this SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section. Individuals who receive “compensation

or gain” as used in the definition of mortgage loan originator and described in this appendix

include individuals who earn salaries, commissions or other incentive, or any combination

thereof.

       The Agencies specifically requested comment on whether the definition of “mortgage

loan originator” should cover individuals who modify existing residential mortgage loans,

engage in approving loan assumptions, or engage in refinancing transactions and, if so, whether

these individuals should be excluded from the definition. While a few commenters believed the

Agencies should cover individuals engaged in such transactions, the majority of commenters on

this issue stated that this rulemaking should not cover these individuals. In general, they

indicated that mortgage loan modifications and assumptions are very different from mortgage

loan originations, and that employees engaged in these transactions do not meet the S.A.F.E.

Act‟s definition of mortgage loan originator. Specifically, commenters indicated that these

employees neither accept residential mortgage loan applications nor negotiate the terms of a new

residential mortgage loan. Instead, they renegotiate an existing loan with the goals of mitigating

any loss to the institution and, in the case of modifications, providing the borrower with a more

affordable payment option or other type of modification, or, in the case of assumptions, replacing

the party responsible for repaying the mortgage loan. Many commenters indicated that their

employees who engage in modifications and assumptions do not ever originate mortgage loans,

and that modifications and assumptions are performed in different departments of the institution.

                                                25
Many commenters also noted that applying the S.A.F.E. Act‟s registration requirements to

employees engaged in loan modifications and assumptions could significantly hamper loan

modification efforts.

       The determining factor in whether the S.A.F.E. Act applies to residential mortgage loan-

related transactions is whether the employee engaged in the transaction meets the definition of

“mortgage loan originator.” In general, neither modifications nor assumptions result in the

extinguishment of an existing loan and the replacement by a new loan, but rather the terms of an

existing loan are revised or the loan is assumed by a new obligor. Thus, Agency-regulated

institution employees engaged in these activities typically do not take loan applications, within

the meaning of the S.A.F.E. Act. Therefore, the Agencies conclude that the S.A.F.E. Act‟s

definition of “mortgage loan originator” generally would not include employees engaged in loan

modifications or assumptions because they typically would not meet the two-prong test of this

definition. However, if an employee engaged in a transaction labeled a loan “modification” or

“assumption” can be found to meet the definition of “mortgage loan originator,” due to the

nature of the specific transaction in question, he or she would be subject to the S.A.F.E. Act and

this final rule. The substance of a transaction, not the label attached to it, is determinative of

whether the Agency-regulated institution employee associated with it is a mortgage loan

originator for purposes of this rule. For example, the Agencies believe that Agency-regulated

institution employees engaged solely in bona fide cost-free loss mitigation efforts which result in

reduced and sustainable payments for the borrower generally would not meet the definition of

“mortgage loan originator.” In this regard, it should be noted that third parties involved in

foreclosure prevention activities for compensation or gain, although outside the scope of this

rulemaking, may be subject to licensing and registration pursuant to State law.

                                                  26
The Agencies sought comment on whether the individuals who engage in certain

refinancing transactions, specifically cash-out refinancing with the same lender, should be

excluded from the definition of residential mortgage loan originator. Some industry commenters

did not believe that such an exclusion was appropriate primarily because of the nature of a

refinancing as a new loan and the potential for consumer abuse in these transactions. Other

commenters also requested that we exclude individuals engaged in refinancings from the final

rule‟s definition of mortgage loan originator, and that refinancings be excluded from the final

rule‟s definition of residential mortgage loan, if the refinancing involves the same lender and the

borrower obtained no cash proceeds. We decline to make this change. Refinancings are new

loans, regardless of the lender, the loan terms, or proceeds, that involve a new application and an

offer or negotiation of new loan terms. If an individual engaged in a refinancing transaction of a

residential mortgage loan meets the two prongs of the definition of mortgage loan originator, he

or she must comply with the requirements of the S.A.F.E. Act and this final rule.29

        Other commenters suggested that the Agencies exclude loan servicing personnel from the

requirements of this rulemaking. We decline to take this suggested approach because the

S.A.F.E. Act definition is based on the activities of mortgage loan origination, rather than the job

classification of the individual. An individual, regardless of job title, is a mortgage loan

originator if he or she engages in the activities of mortgage loan origination within the meaning

of the S.A.F.E. Act. For example, if a loan servicing employee of an Agency-regulated

institution mainly performs loan servicing activities but also occasionally engages in residential

mortgage loan origination, that person is a mortgage loan originator, regardless of whether he or


        29
            Some commenters noted that the Agencies should require only one mortgage loan originator for each
mortgage loan. The Agencies decline to take this approach because the S.A.F.E. Act defines a mortgage loan
originator according to the two-prong test set forth in the statute.

                                                       27
she is called “servicing personnel.” On the other hand, for example, as discussed above in

connection with loan modifications, a loan servicing employee engaged solely in bona fide cost-

free loss mitigation efforts which result in reduced and sustainable payments for the borrower

generally would not meet the definition of “mortgage loan originator.” Loan servicing

employees of Agency-regulated institutions must comply with the registration requirements of

the final rule if they meet both prongs of the definition of “mortgage loan originator,” unless they

qualify for the de minimis exception under § ___.101(c)(2) of the final rule. Some commenters

requested clarification that, when a servicing employee of an Agency-regulated institution works

with a borrower to collect unpaid taxes or other costs pursuant to a repayment or collection plan,

the employee is not acting as a mortgage loan originator under the Agencies‟ rules. The

Agencies agree that such activities would generally not meet the two-prong test of this definition.

         Some commenters asked the Agencies to explain whether the S.A.F.E. Act and this rule

applied to residential mortgage loan originations made through an automated underwriting

system, whereby an applicant inquires about, applies for, and/or receives a decision on an

application electronically through an institution‟s Web site.30 Although some institutions may

choose to establish an automated system to collect application information and make an initial

decision on a loan application, from a risk management and compliance perspective, an

institution is expected to set the system parameters and monitor system output for compliance

with various laws, regulations, and guidance on an ongoing basis. Such institutions are expected

to register employees involved in that process who meet the definition of “mortgage loan


         30
             Section 107(5)(A)(x) of the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1757(5)(A)(x)) requires all loans to be
approved by a credit committee or loan officer. For all federal credit unions, and to the extent state chartered credit
unions operate under a similar State law or regulation, the statutory and regulatory definition of mortgage loan
originator is met and the S.A.F.E Act does apply.

                                                          28
originator,” as appropriate. The Agencies note, as indicated above, that the FHFA has directed

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to require all mortgage loan applications taken on and after July 1,

2010, to include the mortgage loan originator‟s unique identifier.31 Institutions should keep

apprised of any future guidance FHFA may issue to address this requirement.

         For the reasons discussed above, the final rule includes the definition of “mortgage loan

originator” as proposed, with one technical change to the definition of “administrative or clerical

tasks” to make it identical to the definition of this term in section 1503(3)(C) of the S.A.F.E. Act

(12 U.S.C. 5102(3)(C)).

         Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry or Registry. Section ___.102(c) of

the proposed rule‟s definition of these terms is based on the definition included in section

1503(5) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(5)). Specifically, these terms mean the system

developed and maintained by CSBS and the AARMR for the State licensing and registration of

State-licensed mortgage loan originators and the registration of mortgage loan originators

pursuant to section 1507 of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5106). As explained above, CSBS and

the AARMR have established an online system, NMLS, that currently supports the licensing and

registration of mortgage loan originators regulated by a State. The Agencies are working with

CSBS to modify the NMLS to support the registration of mortgage loan originators employed by

Agency-regulated institutions, and will rename this system the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing

System and Registry. The Agencies received no comments on this definition and adopt it as

proposed.



         31
             See FNMA LL 02-2009: New Mortgage Loan Data Requirements (Feb. 13, 2009). The Agencies,
however, expect that FHFA will provide some flexibility with this deadline, and perhaps establish a transition period
to reflect the readiness of the Registry to begin accepting Federal registrations and this final rule‟s initial registration
period.

                                                            29
Registered mortgage loan originator. Pursuant to section 1503(7) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12

U.S.C. 5102(7)), the proposed rule defined this term to mean any individual who meets the

definition of mortgage loan originator, is an employee of an Agency-regulated institution, and is

registered pursuant to the requirements of this rule with, and maintains a unique identifier

through, the Registry. This definition is the same as that included in the S.A.F.E. Act, except

that the Agencies have modified it to apply only to individuals registered pursuant to regulations

issued by the Agencies. The Agencies received no comments on this definition and adopt it as

proposed.

         Residential mortgage loan. As in section 1503(8) of the S.A.F.E. Act, (12 U.S.C.

5102(8)), the proposal defined “residential mortgage loan” as any loan primarily for personal,

family, or household use that is secured by a mortgage, deed of trust, or other equivalent

consensual security interest on a dwelling (as defined in section 103(v) of the Truth in Lending

Act (TILA) (15 U.S.C. 1602(v))32 or residential real estate upon which is constructed or intended

to be constructed a dwelling. In addition, the proposal specifically included refinancings, reverse

mortgages, home equity lines of credit and other first and second lien loans secured by a

dwelling in this definition in order to clarify that originators of these types of loans are covered

by the rule‟s requirements.

         One commenter suggested that ancillary liens on an underlying mortgage loan or liens

taken to provide consumers with potential tax advantages should not be considered residential

mortgage loans. In addition, another commenter asked that the definition of residential mortgage


         32
             TILA defines “dwelling” as a residential structure or mobile home which contains one-to-four family
housing units, or individual units of condominiums or cooperatives. 15 U.S.C. 1602(v). Board regulations and
commentary include in this definition any residential structure that contains one to four units, whether or not that
structure is attached to real property, and includes an individual condominium unit, cooperative unit, mobile home,
and trailer, if it is used as a residence. See 12 CFR 226.2(a)(19) (Regulation Z).

                                                         30
loan include an exception to exclude seller-sponsored financing of the sale of lender-owned

property. The Agencies decline to adopt these exclusions to the definition of “residential

mortgage loan” and adopt this definition as proposed. These types of loans clearly fall within the

statutory definition of “residential mortgage loans,” and the S.A.F.E. Act makes no exceptions

for these two situations. We do clarify, however, that this definition does not include loans for

business, commercial, or agricultural purposes that use as collateral property that meets the

definition of a “dwelling.”

       As indicated in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section to the proposed rule,

the FCA emphasizes that section 1503(8) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(8)) and

§ ___.102(e) do not amend or supersede sections 1.11(b) and 2.4(b) of the Farm Credit Act of

1971, as amended (12 U.S.C. 2019(b) and 2075(b)), and their implementing regulation, 12 CFR

613.3030(c), which establish the purposes for which FCS institutions may originate residential

mortgage loans for eligible rural home borrowers.

       Unique Identifier. The proposed rule‟s definition of this term was almost identical to that

in section 1503(12) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(12)). The Agencies received no

comments on this definition and adopt it as proposed. Specifically, the final rule defines “unique

identifier” to mean a number or other identifier that: (1) permanently identifies a registered

mortgage loan originator; (2) is assigned by protocols established by the Registry and the

Agencies to facilitate electronic tracking of mortgage loan originators, and uniform identification

of, and public access to, the employment history of and the publicly adjudicated disciplinary and

enforcement actions against mortgage loan originators; and (3) must not be used for purposes

other than those set forth in the S.A.F.E. Act.




                                                  31
Other terms. The Agencies note that § ___.103(d) of the proposed and final rule uses the

terms “control” and “financial services-related” in the descriptions of the information that is

required of an employee who is a mortgage loan originator. These terms are currently defined in

the Web-based MU4 form collecting information on State-licensed mortgage loan originators. In

order to promote consistency of the information collected for Agency-regulated and State-

licensed mortgage loan originators, the Agencies reiterate that the MU4 form‟s definitions of

those two terms will also be used in the Web-based form collecting information on Agency-

regulated mortgage loan originators and, therefore have not defined them in this rulemaking.33

         A number of commenters requested that the Agencies define “employee” for purposes of

this rulemaking to provide more clarity regarding the individuals covered by the rule. Agency-

regulated institutions must have a process for identifying which employees of the institution are

required to be registered mortgage loan originators.34 As the Supreme Court has explained,

“where Congress uses terms that have accumulated settled meaning under . . . the common law, a

court must infer, unless the statute otherwise dictates, that Congress means to incorporate the

established meaning of these terms . . . . In the past, when Congress has used the term

'employee' without defining it, we have concluded that Congress intended to describe the



         33
             The Registry currently defines “control” as the power, directly or indirectly, to direct the management or
policies of a company, whether through ownership of securities, by contract, or otherwise. Any person that (i) is a
general partner or executive officer, including Chief Executive, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operations Officer,
Chief legal Officer, Chief Credit Officer, Chief Compliance Officer, Director, and individuals occupying similar
positions or performing similar functions; (ii) directly or indirectly has the right to vote 10% or more of a class of a
voting security or has the power to sell or direct the sale of 10% or more of a class of voting securities; or (iii) in the
case of a partnership, has the right to receive upon dissolution, or has contributed, 10% or more of the capital, is
presumed to control that company. The Registry‟s current definition of “Financial services-related” means
pertaining to securities, commodities, banking, insurance, consumer lending, or real estate (including, but not
limited to; acting as or being associated with a bank or savings association, credit union, Farm Credit System
institution, mortgage lender, mortgage broker, real estate salesperson or agent, appraiser, closing agent, title
company, or escrow agent)..
         34
              See § ___.104(a).

                                                            32
conventional master-servant relationship as understood by common-law agency doctrine." 35

Section 7.07(3)(a) of the Restatement (Third) of Agency explains that “an employee is an agent

whose principal controls or has the right to control the manner and means of the agent‟s

performance of work.”36 The Agencies thus intend that the meaning of employee under the

S.A.F.E. Act and this rule is consistent with the right-to-control test under the common law

agency doctrine. The Agencies note in this regard that the IRS uses the common law right-to-

control test as its basis for classification of workers as employees.37 The result of this test

generally determines whether an institution files a W-2 or a 1099 for an individual. The

Agencies therefore expect an Agency-regulated institution would identify a mortgage loan

originator as an individual subject to this final rule if, following consideration of the relevant

facts, the institution determines that the individual is an employee of the Agency-regulated

institution.38

Section __.103 – Registration of mortgage loan originators

        Section 1504(a) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5103(a)) prohibits an individual who is

an employee of an Agency-regulated institution from engaging in the business of a loan

originator without registering as a loan originator with the Registry, maintaining annually such

registration, and obtaining a unique identifier through the Registry. As in the proposal and


        35
         Nationwide Mutual Ins. Co. v. Darden, 503 U.S. 318, 322-23 (1992) (citing Community for Creative
Non-Violence v. Reid, 490 U.S. 730, 739-40 (1989) (other citations omitted).
        36
             RESTATEMENT (THIRD) OF AGENCY § 7.07(3)(a) (2006).
        37
        IRS Publication 1779; see also Form SS-8, Determination of Worker Status for Purposes of Federal
Employment Taxes and Income Tax Withholding.
        38
           Agency-regulated institutions that are credit unions sometimes rely upon volunteers to originate mortgage
loans. The right-to-control test under the common law agency doctrine likewise applies to these credit unions.
Credit union management establishes the policies, procedures, and practices that volunteers use in performing their
functions. Therefore, these volunteers qualify as employees of the Agency-regulated institution for purposes of the
S.A.F.E. Act and this rule.
                                                        33
described more specifically below, § ___.103 of the final rule imposes the responsibility for

complying with these requirements on both the individual employee and the employing

institution. In addition, both the employee and the employing institution must submit

information to the Registry for each registration to be complete. The Agencies note that an

employee of an Agency-regulated institution who is not actively engaged in residential mortgage

loan activity is not prohibited from registering with the Registry.

        Employee registration requirement. In general, § ___.103(a)(1) of the proposed rule

required an employee of an Agency-regulated institution who acts as a mortgage loan originator

to register with the Registry, obtain a unique identifier, and maintain his or her registration. This

section further provided that any employee who is not in compliance with the registration and

unique identifier requirements set forth in the proposed rule is in violation of the S.A.F.E. Act

and this rule.39 The Agencies note that this registration requirement would not apply if the

employee qualifies for the de minimis exception.

        The Agencies did not receive substantive comments specifically on this section and

therefore adopt it as proposed.

        Institution requirement. Proposed paragraph (a)(2) of § _____.103 provided that an

Agency-regulated institution must require its employees who are mortgage loan originators to

register with the Registry, maintain this registration, and obtain a unique identifier in compliance

with this subpart. This provision also prohibited an Agency-regulated institution from permitting


        39
             The OCC, Board, FDIC, and OTS have the authority to take enforcement actions against their respective
Agency-regulated institutions and individual employees of those institutions who violate the S.A.F.E. Act and this
final rule, pursuant to 12 U.S.C. 1818. The FCA has authority to take enforcement actions against Farm Credit
System institutions and individual employees who violate the S.A.F.E. Act and this final rule pursuant to Title V,
Part C of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended, 12 U.S.C. 2261 et seq. The NCUA has the authority to take
enforcement actions against federally-insured credit unions and their employees who violate the S.A.F.E. Act and
this final rule under 12 U.S.C. 1786. For privately insured credit unions, memoranda of understanding between
NCUA and applicable State supervisory authorities will establish enforcement authority.
                                                        34
its employees to act as mortgage loan originators unless registered with the Registry pursuant to

this subpart, after the applicable implementation periods specified in §§ ____.103(a)(3) and

(a)(4)(ii) expire.

        One commenter objected to this requirement as not being based on statutory language.

Although the S.A.F.E. Act does not contain the same express prohibition as in the Agencies‟

proposed rule, determining the scope of mortgage loan origination activities that subject an

individual or institution to the Act‟s requirements is well within the Agencies‟ authority to

implement the statute. The imposition of this requirement on Agency-regulated institutions

implements the purposes of the S.A.F.E. Act and ensures Agency-regulated institutions and their

employees comply with all applicable laws. This commenter also stated that this requirement

would be difficult to enforce because an employing institution may not know of the activities of

its employees outside of their scope of employment at that institution. We agree with this

commenter that the language in § __103.(a)(2)(ii) should be clarified so that an institution‟s

oversight of a mortgage loan originator applies only to the extent the originator is acting within

the scope of his or her employment at that institution. We therefore adopt § ___.103(a)(2) with

this one change.

        Implementation period for initial registrations. Proposed § ___.103(a)(3) provided a 180-

day implementation period for initial registrations beginning on the date the Agencies provide

public notice that the Registry is accepting initial registrations. The Agencies have adopted this

provision as proposed with one minor change to clarify that the implementation period begins on

the date that the Agencies provide in their public notice, not the actual date of the public notice.

Pursuant to the proposal, an employee could continue to originate residential mortgage loans




                                                 35
without complying with the rule‟s registration requirement before and during this 180-day

period. After this 180-day period expires, any existing employee or newly-hired employee of an

Agency-regulated institution who is subject to the registration requirements would be prohibited

from originating residential mortgage loans without first meeting such requirements.

       The Agencies specifically requested comment on whether this 180-day implementation

period would provide Agency-regulated institutions and their employees with adequate time to

complete the initial registration process. The Agencies also inquired as to whether an alternative

schedule for implementation and initial registrations would be appropriate, what such an

alternative schedule should be, and whether, and how, a staggered registration process should be

developed.

       The Agencies received many comments on this implementation period. Some

commenters supported a 180-day period. Others supported the proposed 180-day

implementation period provided that certain conditions are met, such as excluding loan

modification and mitigation employees from the registration requirements, allowing batch

processing, simplifying the employer verification requirements, and immediate confirmation of

registration without delay for fingerprint or background check results.

       Other commenters, however, stated that the proposed 180-day implementation period

would not provide sufficient time to register the large number of employees subject to the

registration requirement, properly train all employees, develop compliance policies, and program

and implement system controls. Many noted that a longer period would prevent the Registry

from being overwhelmed with registrations. Two commenters, including one Federal agency,

stated that additional time will particularly benefit smaller financial institutions. Another

commenter indicated that the time, effort, and resources required to meet new systems

                                                 36
requirements can be extensive, and that a 180-day implementation period for such major changes

would be extremely difficult for larger institutions. These commenters suggested an

implementation period of nine months to one year. One commenter stated that each Agency

should have the flexibility to grant additional time to register in the event the Registry becomes

backlogged or inundated with a large volume of registrations. No commenter requested a shorter

implementation period.

       The Agencies understand that Agency-regulated institutions and their mortgage loan

originator employees will face certain implementation issues in complying with the registration

requirements established by this rulemaking. However, as indicated above, due to various

system modifications and enhancements required to make the existing system capable of

accepting Federal registrants, the system is not expected to be available to accept Federal

registrations until sometime in 2010. The 180-day implementation period will not begin until the

system is available to accept Federal registrations. This in effect provides institutions with an

implementation period longer than 180 days as institutions and their employees can begin to

implement the final rule‟s requirements before the Registry is operational, i.e., develop policies

and procedures, train employees, gather information needed for registration, and program and

implement system controls. In addition, CSBS and SRR will provide information to, and assist

Agency-regulated institutions in preparation for, registration during this period. The Agencies

believe that this additional time will provide mortgage loan originators, and the Agency-

regulated institutions that employ them, adequate opportunity to prepare for the registration

requirements. Any extension of the 180-day implementation period provided in the final rule

will only further delay the registration of residential mortgage loan originators and, as a result,

the consumer protection benefits of the S.A.F.E. Act. In addition, as described below, batch

                                                 37
processing of at least some information likely will be available, which should make the

registration process more efficient for both the institution and the registering employee. For

these reasons, the Agencies decline to provide an implementation period longer than the

proposed 180 days.

       Many commenters indicated support for a staggered implementation period. Some noted

that this could be based on institution size, loan origination volume, or employee qualifiers (such

as birth date or last name). Some of these commenters, however, noted that they would support a

staggered schedule only if it would provide a registration period of equal length for all

registrants. Other commenters supported a staggered process that would give smaller institutions

or institutions that do not originate many residential mortgage loans the greatest amount of time

to comply with the requirements.

       The Agencies agree that a staggered implementation process for those institutions that

prefer one would be useful. Such a process would allow institutions to register their employees

within specific time periods during the implementation period with the assistance of dedicated

staff. Staggered registration would limit the number of originators registering at any one time

and spread the registration of originators throughout the implementation period. Although such a

schedule mostly would benefit those institutions with the largest number of mortgage loan

originators, it also should enable the Registry to accommodate all registrations in a more timely

and efficient manner, thereby benefiting all institutions. Accordingly, the Agencies will work

with CSBS and SRR to develop a staggered registration schedule for institutions, in particular

those that are estimated to have a large number of mortgage loan originators subject to Federal

registration, that request such a schedule. This staggered process would occur within the 180-

day implementation period in order not to delay the registration of mortgage loan originators and

                                                38
the ability of consumers to fully utilize the Registry. Because institutions that request a

staggered registration process would have a dedicated period during which to register within the

180-day period, registration burdens may be eased for these institutions, lessening their need for

the full 180-day registration period. Details on this staggered approach will be provided to

applicable institutions when they have been finalized and may include the availability of this

dedicated staff prior to the start of the registration period.

        Special rule for previously registered employees. Under paragraph (a)(4) of § ___.103 of

the proposed and final rule, properly registered or licensed mortgage loan originators would not

have to register again with the Registry when they change employment by moving from one

Agency-regulated institution to another or from a State-regulated institution to an Agency-

regulated institution, regardless of whether the change in employment is made voluntarily,

through an acquisition or merger of the employee‟s prior employer, or through a reorganization

where previously State-licensed mortgage loan originators become subject to the registration

requirements of Agency-regulated institutions. Instead, the employee and employing institution

need only update information in the Registry and complete the required authorizations and

attestation.

        Specifically, proposed paragraph (a)(4) of § ___.103 provided that if a new employee of

an Agency-regulated institution had previously registered with, and obtained a unique identifier

from, the Registry prior to becoming an employee of that institution and has maintained that

registration (or license, if previously employed by a non-Agency-regulated institution), the

registration requirements of this subpart are deemed to be met provided that: (1) the employee‟s

employment information in the Registry is updated and the employee has completed the required

authorizations and attestation; (2) new fingerprints of the employee are provided to the Registry

                                                   39
for a background check, except in the case of mergers, acquisitions or reorganizations; (3)

information concerning the new employing institution is provided to the Registry pursuant to §

___.103(e)(1)(i), to the extent the institution has not previously met these requirements, and §

___.103(e)(2)(i);40 and (4) the registration is maintained pursuant to the requirements of

§§ ___.103(b) and (e)(1)(ii) as of the date that the employee becomes employed by the

institution.

         Some commenters requested that the Agencies reduce these requirements in order to

further facilitate the movement of employees from one institution to another and prevent

unnecessary interruption of mortgage origination activity. However, the Agencies believe that

the current provision adequately reduces regulatory burden on Agency-regulated institutions as

well as the residential mortgage industry when registered mortgage loan originators change

employers and will allow a mortgage origination transaction in process at the time of the

employment change to proceed smoothly. It requires less than what would be needed to

complete a new registration and requires only that information necessary to update the

employee‟s registration and confirm the identity of the originator and the employer, thereby

preventing fraudulent information from being submitted to the Registry. However, we have

amended § ___.103(a)(4)(i)(B) to provide that new fingerprints are not required to be submitted,

pursuant to § ___.103(d)(1)(ix), if the registered loan originator has fingerprints on file with the

Registry that are less than three years old. The Registry will use these existing prints for

purposes of the background check. This three-year age limit is consistent with the procedures to

be used by SRR for mortgage loan originators licensed by a State. We note that, as proposed, the



         40
           These provisions require: the institution‟s name; main office address; IRS Employer Tax Identification
Number; Research Statistics Supervision Discount (RSSD) number; identification of the institution‟s primary
Federal regulator; contact information for individuals at the institution for Registry purposes; applicable subsidiary
                                                          40
final rule does not require fingerprints or a new background check when the change in employers

is due to an acquisition, merger, or reorganization because these transactions carry a lower risk

of fraud and identity theft. The Agencies note that institutions should still conduct prudent

screening of prospective employees to confirm their identities.

        In response to a comment, the Agencies note that paragraph (a)(4) of § ___.103 applies

when an employee of an Agency-regulated institution becomes an employee of another Agency-

regulated institution, regardless of whether the entities are affiliated. Similarly, when an

employee of a subsidiary of an Agency-regulated institution becomes an employee of the

institution, the requirements of § ___.103 apply.

        In order to reduce regulatory burden and to prevent an interruption in mortgage

origination activity, the proposed § ___.103(a)(4)(ii) provided a 60-day grace period to comply

with the § ___.103(a)(4)(i) requirements when a registered mortgage loan originator becomes an

employee of an Agency-regulated institution as a result of an acquisition, merger, or

reorganization. Some commenters agreed that this 60-day grace period is appropriate and

provides the proper balance between implementing the purpose of the S.A.F.E. Act and

protecting consumers. Other commenters, however, requested that this period be extended to 90

or 180 days due to the complexity and protracted nature of the merger and acquisition process.

Some commenters also requested that a 60-day grace period apply to all changes in employment,

regardless of whether the change is the result of a merger or acquisition transaction.

        Final § ___.103(a)(4)(ii) retains the proposed 60-day grace period for a change in

employers due to acquisitions, mergers or reorganizations. The Agencies find that 60 days is an

adequate time for institutions and their employees to update registrations in the case of these



information, and confirmation that it employs the registrant. Information regarding an institution‟s RSSD number is
                                                        41
transactions and agree with the commenters who stated that this time period balances the

purposes of the S.A.F.E. Act and consumer protection.

        Additionally, the Agencies find that a grace period is not necessary when a mortgage loan

originator changes employers for other reasons. This situation does not raise the same

compliance burden as does an acquisition, merger, or reorganization, in which a large number of

employees are switching employers at the same time. Therefore, as proposed, the final rule

requires that these registered mortgage loan originators comply with the requirements of

§ __.103(a)(4) before they may originate residential mortgage loans for their new employer.

        Another commenter requested that the Agencies permit an employer to submit one update

concerning all affected employees in the case of an acquisition, merger, or reorganization, rather

than having each individual employee submit what is largely identical information about their

change in employer. The Agencies agree that this approach would reduce burden for the

employee, institution, and the Registry. We specifically have instructed CSBS and SRR to

develop a process for these transactions that would allow the bulk transfer of business location

and contact information for all mortgage loan originators from one institution to another.

However, each individual employee still must complete the authorization and attestation for their

own updated registration record.

        The Agencies adopt proposed § ___.103(a)(4) with the addition of the language discussed

above related to fingerprints in § ___.103(a)(4)(i)(B). The Agencies also have modified

§ ___.103(a)(4) to clarify that an employee of a bank who has been properly registered or

licensed as a mortgage loan originator need only update information in the Registry, and

complete the required authorizations and attestation, whether that employee is a new employee



available from the Board.
                                                42
of the Agency-regulated institution or becomes subject to this subpart while an employee of the

institution.

        The Agencies note that the registration of a mortgage loan originator who leaves any

employer will be recorded as inactive in the Registry until he or she is hired by another entity,

his or her record is updated in accordance with the final rule‟s requirements, and the new

employer acknowledges employing the mortgage loan originator through the Registry. The

individual will be prohibited from acting as a mortgage loan originator at an Agency-regulated

institution until such time as the registration is reactivated, unless covered by the 60-day grace

period for acquisitions, mergers, and reorganizations.

        Maintaining Registration. Under proposed § ___.103(b)(1)(i), a registered mortgage loan

originator must renew his or her registration with the Registry during the annual renewal period,

November 1 through December 31 of each year. To renew, the employee must confirm that the

information previously submitted to the Registry remains accurate and complete, updating any

information as appropriate. Any registration that is not renewed during this period will become

inactive, and the individual will be prohibited from acting as a mortgage loan originator at an

Agency-regulated institution until such time as the registration requirements are met. However,

an individual who fails to update information during this period may renew his or her registration

at any time and does not need to wait until the start of the next annual renewal period. Inactive

mortgage loan originators will not be assigned a new unique identifier if they reactivate their

registration.

        Some commenters opposed the requirement to renew registrations annually as overly

burdensome and unnecessary. Some suggested alternatively that a registration remain valid until

there is a change in employment status or other change that requires an update of database

                                                 43
information. Others recommended that the renewal be every two, three, or five years, or based

on the experience of the originator. The Agencies understand that an annual renewal process

requires an expenditure of time and resources by individual originators and their employing

Agency-regulated institutions. However, section 1504 of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5103),

requires that mortgage loan originators maintain their registration annually. Therefore, the

Agencies can not eliminate, or lengthen the time between, renewals. For this reason, the

Agencies adopt § ___.103(b)(1)(i) as proposed without revision. We note that the automated

processing of annual renewals, as more fully described below, could lessen the impact on the

resources needed for these renewals.

       One commenter suggested that the final rule not require a mortgage loan originator to

renew his or her registration during this annual renewal period if registration was made less than

six months prior to the end of the renewal period. The Agencies believe this change is

reasonable and within the scope of the S.A.F.E. Act. We have amended the final rule

accordingly by adding new paragraph (b)(3) to final § ___.103. However, a mortgage loan

originator still is required to update his or her registration during this six month period if any

information provided to the Registry at the time of registration changes, pursuant to § ___

.103(b)(1)(ii), described below.

       In addition to the annual renewal, proposed § ___.103(b)(1)(ii) provided that a

registration must be updated within 30 days of the occurrence of any of the following events: (1)

a change in the employee‟s name; (2) the registrant ceases to be an employee of the institution;

or (3) any of the employee‟s responses to the information required for registration pursuant to

paragraphs (d)(1)(iii) through (viii) of § ___.103 become inaccurate.




                                                  44
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Interagency final rule safe act

  • 1. [BILLING CODES: 4810-33-P 16.66%; 6210-01-P 16.66%; 6714-01-P 16.66%; 6720-01-P 16.66%; 6705-01-P 16.66%; 7535-01-P 16.66%] DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 12 CFR Part 34 Docket ID OCC-2010-___ RIN 1557-AD23 FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 12 CFR Part 208 Docket No. R-1357 FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION 12 CFR Part 365 RIN 3064-AD43 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Office of Thrift Supervision 12 CFR Part 563 Docket No. 2009 - 0004 RIN 1550-AC33 FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Part 610 RIN 3052-AC52 NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Parts 741 and 761 RIN 3133-AD59 Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators AGENCIES: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Treasury (OCC); Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Board); Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC); Office of Thrift Supervision, Treasury (OTS); Farm Credit Administration (FCA); and National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). 1
  • 2. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The OCC, Board, FDIC, OTS, FCA, and NCUA (collectively, the Agencies) are adopting final rules to implement the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act (the S.A.F.E. Act). The S.A.F.E. Act requires an employee of a bank, savings association, credit union or Farm Credit System (FCS) institution and certain of their subsidiaries that are regulated by a Federal banking agency or the FCA (collectively, Agency-regulated institutions) who acts as a residential mortgage loan originator to register with the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry, obtain a unique identifier, and maintain this registration. The final rule further provides that Agency-regulated institutions must: (1) require their employees who act as residential mortgage loan originators to comply with the S.A.F.E. Act‟s requirements to register and obtain a unique identifier, and (2) adopt and follow written policies and procedures designed to assure compliance with these requirements. DATES: This final rule is effective on [INSERT FIRST DATE OF CALENDAR QUARTER 60 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. Compliance with § __.103 of the final rule (registration requirement) is required by the end of the 180-day period for initial registrations beginning on the date the Agencies provide in a public notice that the Registry is accepting initial registrations. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: OCC: Michele Meyer, Assistant Director, and Heidi Thomas, Special Counsel, Legislative and Regulatory Activities, (202) 874-5090, and Nan Goulet, Senior Advisor, Large Bank Supervision, (202) 874-5224, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, 250 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20219. 2
  • 3. BOARD: Anne Zorc, Counsel, Legal Division, (202) 452-3876, Virginia Gibbs, Senior Supervisory Analyst, (202) 452-2521, and Stanley Rediger, Supervisory Financial Analyst, (202) 452-2629, Division of Banking Supervision and Regulation, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 20th and C Streets, N.W., Washington , D.C. 20551 FDIC: Thomas F. Lyons, Examination Specialist, (202) 898-6850, Victoria Pawelski, Senior Policy Analyst, (202) 898-3571, or John P. Kotsiras, Financial Analyst, (202) 898-6620, Division of Supervision and Consumer Protection; or Richard Foley, Counsel, (202) 898-3784, or Kimberly A. Stock, Counsel, (202) 898-3815, Legal Division; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 550 17th Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20429. OTS: Charlotte M. Bahin, Special Counsel (Special Projects), (202) 906-6452, Vicki Hawkins-Jones, Special Counsel, Regulations and Legislation Division, (202) 906-7034, Debbie Merkle, Project Manager, Credit Risk, (202) 906-5688, and Rhonda Daniels, Senior Compliance Program Analyst, Consumer Regulations, (202) 906-7158, Office of Thrift Supervision, 1700 G Street, NW., Washington, DC 20552. FCA: Gary K. Van Meter, Deputy Director, Office of Regulatory Policy, Farm Credit Administration, 1501 Farm Credit Drive, McLean, VA, (703) 883-4414, TTY (703) 883-4434; Richard A. Katz, Senior Counsel, Office of General Counsel, Farm Credit Administration, McLean, VA 22102-5090, (703) 883-4020, TTY (703) 883-4020; or Jennifer Cohn, Senior Counsel, Office of General Counsel, Farm Credit Administration, McLean, VA 22102-5090, (703) 883-4020, TTY (703) 883-4020. NCUA: Regina Metz, Staff Attorney, Office of General Counsel, 703-518-6561; or Judy Graham, Program Analyst, Division of Supervision, Office of Examination and Insurance, 703- 3
  • 4. 518-6360, National Credit Union Administration, 1775 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314- 3428. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. BACKGROUND A. Statutory Requirements The S.A.F.E. Act,1 enacted on July 30, 2008, mandates a nationwide licensing and registration system for mortgage loan originators. Specifically, the Act requires all States to provide for a licensing and registration regime for mortgage loan originators who are not employed by Agency-regulated institutions within one year of enactment (or two years for States whose legislatures meet biennially). In addition, the S.A.F.E. Act requires the OCC, Board, FDIC, OTS and NCUA,2 through the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC), and the FCA to develop and maintain a system for registering mortgage loan originators employed by Agency-regulated institutions. The S.A.F.E. Act specifically prohibits an individual from engaging in the business of residential mortgage loan origination without first obtaining and maintaining annually: (1) a registration as a registered mortgage loan originator and a unique identifier if employed by an Agency-regulated institution (Federal registration), or (2) a license and registration as a State-licensed mortgage loan originator and a unique identifier.3 The S.A.F.E. Act requires that Federal registration and State licensing and 1 The S.A.F.E. Act was enacted as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110- 289, Division A, Title V, sections 1501 – 1517, 122 Stat. 2654, 2810 – 2824 (July 30, 2008), codified at 12 U.S.C. 5101- 5116. Citations in this Supplementary Information section are to the “S.A.F.E. Act” by section number in the public law. 2 The OCC, Board, FDIC, OTS, and NCUA are referred to both in the S.A.F.E. Act and in this rulemaking as the “Federal banking agencies.” 3 If the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) determines that any State fails, within the statutorily prescribed timeframe, to establish a licensing regime that meets the requirements of the S.A.F.E. Act, the 4
  • 5. registration must be accomplished through the same online registration system, the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry (Registry). In connection with the Federal registration, the Agencies at a minimum must ensure that the Registry is furnished with information concerning the mortgage loan originator‟s identity, including: (1) fingerprints for submission to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and any other relevant governmental agency for a State and national criminal history background check; and (2) personal history and experience, including authorization for the Registry to obtain information related to any administrative, civil, or criminal findings by any governmental jurisdiction.4 On June 9, 2009, the Agencies issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to implement these requirements for Agency-regulated institutions.5 B. Implementing the Requirements for Federal Registration The Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) and the American Association of Residential Mortgage Regulators (AARMR) have developed and maintain a Web-based system, the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System (NMLS), for the State licensing of mortgage loan originators in participating States.6 Mortgage loan originators in these States electronically Secretary is required to establish a system for the licensing and registration of mortgage loan originators in that State. S.A.F.E. Act at section 1508. See HUD proposed rule implementing this requirement at 75 FR 66548 (Dec. 15, 2009). HUD has reviewed the model legislation developed by the Conference of State Bank Supervisors and the American Association of Residential Mortgage Regulators to assist States in meeting the minimum requirements of the S.A.F.E. Act and found it to meet these requirements. See 74 FR 312 (Jan. 5, 2009) and http://www.hud.gov/offices/hsg/ramh/safe/cmsl.cfm. 4 S.A.F.E. Act at section 1507(a) (12 U.S.C. 5106(a)). 5 74 FR 27386 (June 9, 2009). 6 As of the date of this final rule, 48 States and territories use the NMLS to manage the processing of their mortgage licenses. This system is owned and operated by the State Regulatory Registry LLC (SRR), which is a limited-liability company established by CSBS and the American Association of Residential Mortgage Regulators as a subsidiary of CSBS to develop and operate nationwide systems for State regulators in the financial services industry. SRR has contracted with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) to build and maintain the system. FINRA operates similar systems in the securities industry. More information about this system is available at http://www.stateregulatoryregistry.org. 5
  • 6. complete a single uniform form (the MU4 form). The data provided on the form is stored electronically in a centralized repository available to State regulators of mortgage companies, who use it to process license applications and to authorize individuals to engage in mortgage loan origination, as well as for other supervisory purposes. The Federal banking agencies, through the FFIEC, and the FCA are working with CSBS to modify the NMLS so that it can accept registrations from mortgage loan originators employed by Agency-regulated institutions. This modified registry will be renamed the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry. The existing NMLS was not designed to support the Federal registration of Agency-regulated institution employees, who are not required to obtain additional authorization from the appropriate Federal agency to engage in mortgage loan origination activities that are permissible for the Agency-regulated institution. Accordingly, the system must be modified to accommodate the differences between the requirements for State licensing/registration and Federal registration. It also must be modified to accommodate the migration of an individual between the State licensing/registration and the Federal registration regimes or the dual employment of an individual by both an Agency-regulated institution and a non-Agency-regulated institution.7 Furthermore, the S.A.F.E. Act requires new enhancements to the current system, such as the processing of fingerprints and public access to certain mortgage loan originator data. These modifications and enhancements require careful analysis and raise complex legal and system development issues that the Agencies are addressing both through this rulemaking and through consultation with the CSBS and the SRR. The OCC, on behalf of the 7 The Agencies note that some employees of Agency-regulated institutions may also be subject to the State licensing and registration regime. For example, employees who act as mortgage loan originators for a bank and a nondepository subsidiary of a bank holding company that is not a subsidiary of a depository institution would be subject to both the Federal and State regimes. 6
  • 7. Agencies, has entered into an agreement with the SRR that will provide for appropriate consultation between the Agencies and the Registry concerning Federal registrant information requirements and fees, system functionality and security, and other operational matters. The issuance of this final rule establishing the requirements for Federal registrants will enable the Agencies and SRR to complete modifications that will enable the system to accept Federal registrations. As described in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of the proposed rule, the Agencies will publicly announce the date on which the Registry will begin accepting Federal registrations, which will mark the beginning of the period during which employees of Agency-regulated institutions must complete the initial registration process.8 When fully operational, mortgage loan originators and their Agency-regulated institution employers are expected to have access to the Registry, seven days a week, to establish and maintain their registrations. II. OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSAL AND PUBLIC COMMENTS The proposed rule required individuals employed by Agency-regulated institutions who act as mortgage loan originators and who do not qualify for the de minimis exception set forth in the proposal to register with the Registry, obtain unique identifiers, and maintain their registrations through updates and renewals. The proposal also directed Agency-regulated institutions to require compliance with these requirements, and to adopt and follow written policies and procedures to assure such compliance. The S.A.F.E. Act does not require the Registry to screen or approve registrations received from employees of Agency-regulated institutions and the Registry will not do so. Instead, the Registry will be the repository of, and 8 Pursuant to section 1503(11) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(11)), Agency-regulated institutions and their employees who are acting within the scope of their employment with the Agency-regulated institutions are not subject to State licensing or registration requirements for mortgage loan originators. 7
  • 8. conduit for, information on those employees who are mortgage loan originators at Agency- regulated institutions. Pursuant to §§ ___.104(d) and (h) of the proposed rule, it would be the responsibility of each Agency-regulated institution to establish reasonable procedures for confirming the adequacy and accuracy of employee registrations as well as to establish a process for reviewing any criminal history background reports received from the Registry. The proposal provided for a 180-day period within which to complete initial registrations after the Registry is capable of accepting registrations from employees of Agency-regulated institutions. During this period, employees of Agency-regulated institutions would not be subject to sanctions if they originate residential mortgage loans without having completed their registration. The Agencies received over 140 different comment letters from financial institutions and holding companies, trade associations, Federal government agencies, a training company, and individuals. A number of Agency-regulated institutions objected to the registration requirement in general, suggesting that the registration requirement should not be applied to them because they were not involved in the abuses that led to the enactment of the S.A.F.E. Act. In addition, many of these commenters found the registration requirement overly burdensome, especially as they are subject to regular examinations by the Agencies and they already closely supervise the activities of their employees. Many commenters raised concerns related to the proposed de minimis exception from the registration requirement. Under the proposed de minimis exception, a mortgage loan originator would not have to register if he or she acted as a mortgage loan originator for five or fewer loans and the Agency-regulated institution employs mortgage loan originators who, while excepted from registration pursuant to the individual exception, in the aggregate acted as mortgage loan 8
  • 9. originators in connection with 25 or fewer residential mortgage loans. Commenters suggested raising the mortgage loan originator and institution loan limits or eliminating one of the limits. Community bank trade associations were particularly concerned that the narrowness of the exception would exclude most community banks. Some commenters suggested that the exception should be tied to an asset-based threshold in the range of $250 million to $1 billion. Most commenters objected to having employees who engage in loan modifications or assumptions register under the rule, noting that these activities are fundamentally different than the mortgage loan origination process in that loan modifications and assumptions: (1) are loss mitigation activities, not loan originations; (2) provide loan modification or assumption personnel little to no discretion in negotiating the terms and conditions of any changes; and (3) are outside of the Congressional intent and the plain language of the S.A.F.E. Act. While some commenters found the 180-day initial registration period adequate, a number of commenters suggested alternative periods ranging up to one year. Some trade associations and institutions supported staggering registration periods in order to reduce system demands and to tailor an implementation schedule to the particular capacities of an institution or group of institutions, as long as the implementation period would still be 180 days for each institution. A number of commenters also raised issues related to the provision of fingerprints to the Registry. Commenters asserted that it was not appropriate to have an age limit on fingerprints as they tend not to change; that the Registry should be able to accept fingerprints in a variety of formats, such as paper and scanned digital prints; and that Agency-regulated institutions should be permitted to use existing channels to process fingerprints. 9
  • 10. Many commenters expressed privacy and security concerns regarding the types of personal information that mortgage loan originators would have to provide to the Registry and the ability of the public to have Internet access to such information. Trade associations and large Agency-regulated institutions overwhelmingly requested that the Registry accommodate batch processing of registrations in order to reduce the costs and burden of data input, reduce errors, and efficiently register bank employees. The Agencies have modified the proposal to take into account many of these comments. A detailed discussion of these comment letters and the Agencies‟ responses to them appears in the section-by-section description of the final rule that follows.9 III. SECTION-BY-SECTION DESRIPTION OF THE FINAL RULE Section ___.101 – Authority, purpose, and scope The Agencies adopt paragraphs (a) and (b) of § ____.101 as proposed.10 Paragraph (a) identifies the authority for this rule as the S.A.F.E. Act.11 Paragraph (b) states that this rule implements the S.A.F.E. Act‟s Federal registration requirements, which apply to individuals who originate residential mortgage loans. This provision also describes the objectives of the S.A.F.E. Act, which are derived from section 1502 of the Act (12 U.S.C. 5101). As in the proposal, paragraph (c)(1) of § ___.101 of the final rule identifies the specific entities that employ individual mortgage loan originators – entities referred to in this 9 In addition to the changes described in this Supplementary Information section, the Agencies have replaced the cites in the proposed rule to sections of the S.A.F.E. Act with cites to the relevant provisions in the U.S. Code. 10 Because each Agency‟s proposed rule will amend a different part of the Code of Federal Regulations, but will have similar numbering, relevant sections are cited as “§ ___.” followed by a number, unless otherwise noted. 11 The Board and the OCC note that the authority in paragraph (a) of their respective rules supplements their authority to implement the S.A.F.E. Act, for example, Section 11 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 248(a)) for the Board and section 5239A of the Revised Statutes (12 U.S.C. 93a). 10
  • 11. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section as Agency-regulated institutions – and that also are covered by this rule. Under the S.A.F.E. Act, a mortgage loan originator must be Federally- registered if that individual is an employee of a depository institution, an employee of any subsidiary owned and controlled by a depository institution and regulated by a Federal banking agency, or an employee of an institution regulated by the FCA.12 Section 1503(2) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(2)) provides that “depository institution” has the same meaning as in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (FDI Act),13 and includes any credit union. As we noted in the proposal, the definition of “depository institution” in the FDI Act and in the S.A.F.E. Act does not include bank or savings association holding companies or their non- depository subsidiaries. Employees of these entities who act as mortgage loan originators are not covered by the Federal registration requirement and, therefore, must comply with State licensing and registration requirements. With respect to the OCC, this rule applies to national banks, Federal branches and agencies of foreign banks, their operating subsidiaries, and their employees who are mortgage loan originators.14 For the Board, this rule applies to member banks of the Federal Reserve 12 Agency-regulated institutions and their employees acting within the scope of their employment are subject only to the Federal registration requirements of the S.A.F.E. Act as implemented by the Agencies through this rulemaking, even if registration in the State system is available before Federal Registration. In consultation with the Agencies, CSBS/SRR are modifying the Registry so that it can accept registrations from employees of Agency- regulated institutions. An employee of an Agency-regulated institution may be engaged in activities outside the scope of his or her employment at an Agency-regulated institution that subject that employee to State licensing and registration requirements, such as dual employment at a non-Agency-regulated institution. 13 Section 3 of the FDI Act defines “depository institution” as any bank or savings association. The term “bank” in section 3 of the FDI Act means any national bank, State bank, Federal branch, and insured branch and includes any former savings association. The term “savings association” means any Federal savings association, state savings association, and any corporation other than a bank that the FDIC and the OTS jointly determine to be operating in substantially the same manner as a savings association. 12 U.S.C. 1813. 14 The S.A.F.E. Act's definition of depository institution includes Federal branches of foreign banks but not Federal agencies of foreign banks. Federal agencies are authorized by sections 1(b)(1) and 4(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978 (12 U.S.C. 3101(b)(1) and 3102(b)) and 12 CFR 28.11(g) and 28.13(a)(1) of the OCC's regulations to lend money, which would include originating mortgage loans, subject to the same duties, restrictions, 11
  • 12. System (other than national banks); their respective subsidiaries that are not functionally regulated within the meaning of section 5(c)(5) of the Bank Holding Company Act, as amended (12 U.S.C. 1844(c)(5));15 branches and agencies of foreign banks (other than Federal branches, Federal agencies and insured State branches of foreign banks); commercial lending companies owned or controlled by foreign banks;16 and their employees who act as mortgage loan originators. For the FDIC, this rule applies to insured State nonmember banks (including State- licensed insured branches of foreign banks) and their subsidiaries (except brokers, dealers, persons providing insurance, investment companies, and investment advisers) and their employees who are mortgage loan originators. For the OTS, this rule applies to savings associations and their operating subsidiaries, and their employees who are mortgage loan originators. For the FCA, this rule applies to FCS institutions that originate residential mortgage loans under sections 1.9(3), 1.11 and 2.4(a)(2) and (b) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended (12 U.S.C. 2017(3), 2019, and 2075(a)(2) and (b)), and their employees who are penalties, liabilities, conditions, and limitations that would apply to a national bank. Thus, the Federal registration requirements apply to Federal agencies of foreign banks to the extent the registration requirements apply to national banks. 15 The S.A.F.E. Act, by its terms, applies the Federal registration requirements to employees of a subsidiary that is owned and controlled by a State member bank and regulated by the Board. For purposes of the scope of the Board‟s rules, these subsidiaries are described as those that are not functionally regulated within the meaning of section 5(c)(5) of the Bank Holding Company Act. Subsidiary has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Bank Holding Company Act (12 U.S.C. 1841), as applied to State member banks. 16 The Board notes that its final rule covers branches and agencies of foreign banks (other than Federal branches, Federal agencies and insured State branches of foreign banks) and commercial lending companies owned or controlled by foreign banks pursuant to its authority under the International Banking Act (IBA) (Chapter 32 of Title 12) to issue such rules it deems necessary in order to perform its respective duties and functions under the chapter and to administer and carry out the provisions and purposes of the chapter and prevent evasions thereof. 12 U.S.C. 3108(a). The Board notes that the IBA provides, in relevant part, that the above entities shall conduct their operations in the United States in full compliance with provisions of any law of the United States which impose requirements that protect the rights of consumers in financial transactions, to the extent that the branch, agency, or commercial lending company engages in activities that are subject to such laws, and apply to State-chartered banks, doing business in the State in which such branch or agency or commercial lending company, as the case may be, is doing business. 12 U.S.C. 3106a(1). Under the Board‟s final rule, the above entities would be subject to the same Federal registration requirements as Federal branches, Federal agencies and insured State branches of foreign banks, which are covered in the OCC and FDIC rules, respectively. 12
  • 13. mortgage loan originators.17 For the NCUA, this rule applies to credit unions and their employees who are mortgage loan originators. Because non-federally insured credit unions generally are not federally regulated institutions, special registration conditions apply to them as discussed below. As discussed in Section II, a number of commenters objected to the application of this registration requirement to employees of Agency-regulated depository institutions because, in general, they are subject to regular examinations, would be overly burdened by the registration requirement, and already closely supervise the activities of their employees. Some commenters noted that this registration requirement would penalize them for the inappropriate actions of other lenders that led to the enactment of the S.A.F.E. Act. The Agencies note that the registration of mortgage loan originators employed by Agency-regulated institutions is explicitly required by the S.A.F.E. Act. The statute imposes a registration requirement, rather than a licensing requirement, on the employees of Agency- regulated institutions. The Agencies note that such institutions (other than non-federally insured credit unions) already are subject to a Federal regime of examination and supervision. The S.A.F.E. Act does not authorize the Agencies to create exceptions to the registration requirement other than the de minimis exception described below. 17 Some FCS associations may not exercise their statutory authority to make residential mortgage loans, and FCS banks no longer engage in residential mortgage origination activities because they have transferred their direct lending authority to their affiliated associations. The FCA emphasizes that employees of FCS banks and associations that do not engage in residential mortgage loan origination activities are not subject to the registration requirements of the S.A.F.E. Act and these regulations. The Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac) is an FCS institution that among other activities operates a secondary market for rural residential mortgage loans. The FCA determines that Farmer Mac employees are not subject to the registration requirements of the S.A.F.E. Act and these implementing regulations because Farmer Mac does not engage in mortgage loan origination activities for rural residents. The Farmer Mac secondary market is modeled after Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the provisions of the S.A.F.E. Act do not expressly apply to employees at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. 13
  • 14. Some credit union-related commenters discussed whether the final rule should apply to credit union service organizations (CUSOs). The NCUA notes that it answered these questions in a public legal opinion letter 08-0843, dated October 8, 2008, available on NCUA‟s Web site, www.ncua.gov. The S.A.F.E. Act treats employees of depository institution subsidiaries the same as employees of the depository institution, if the subsidiary is owned and controlled by the depository institution and regulated by a Federal banking agency.18 In the case of CUSOs, however, NCUA does not have direct regulatory oversight or enforcement authority. Instead, NCUA regulation permits federal credit unions to invest in or lend only to CUSOs that conform to the limits specified in the CUSO rule, 12 CFR Part 712.19 NCUA has not, historically, asserted that CUSOs or their employees are exempt from applicable State licensing regimes, and the S.A.F.E. Act does not alter that approach. Nor do NCUA regulations have any applicability to CUSOs owned by State-chartered credit unions.20 Accordingly, individuals employed by CUSOs that engage in residential mortgage loan origination activities, whether the CUSO is owned by a State or a federal credit union, would need to be licensed in accordance with applicable State requirements. Some commenters also asked whether non-federally insured credit unions must register with the Registry. NCUA‟s proposed rule applied to federally insured credit unions and their employees who are mortgage loan originators but commenters requested NCUA include non- federally insured credit unions and their employees who are mortgage loan originators in the scope of NCUA‟s final rule. The S.A.F.E. Act requires the Agencies to develop and maintain a 18 Section 1503(7)(A)(ii) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(7)(A)(ii)). 19 12 CFR Part 712. 14
  • 15. system for registering employees of a depository institution, defined to include “any credit union.”21 Consistent with the S.A.F.E. Act and in response to comments, NCUA‟s final rule provides for a system for registering employees of any credit union. NCUA‟s final rule applies to federally insured credit unions and their employees who are mortgage loan originators and non-federally insured credit unions and their employees who are mortgage loan originators when certain conditions are met and formal agreements reached. When drafting its final rule, NCUA considered that, with the exception of non-federally insured credit unions, entities covered by the Federal registration system are subject to Federal oversight. Entities subject to the Federal registration system are labeled throughout the rule as “Agency-regulated institutions.” Unlike Federal credit unions and federally insured state- chartered credit unions, non-federally insured credit unions are neither federally insured nor subject to NCUA‟s oversight. In order for non-federally insured credit unions and their employees who are mortgage loan originators to qualify for Federal registration, they must be subject to oversight for purposes of compliance with NCUA‟s rule. Therefore, due to the unique nature of non-federally insured credit unions compared with all other credit unions, NCUA is working with State supervisory authorities in those States with non-federally insured credit unions to implement an oversight program to enable them to participate in the Federal registration system. The oversight program will require a State supervisory authority seeking to allow non- federally insured credit unions in its State to participate in the Federal registration system to 20 In April 2008, the NCUA Board issued a proposed rule that would extend some provisions of the CUSO rule to state chartered institutions. See 73 FR 23982 (May 1, 2008). The proposal has not yet been finalized. 21 Sections 1507(a)(1) and 1503(1) and (2) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5106(a)(1) and 5102(1) and (2)). 15
  • 16. enter into a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with NCUA. The MOU will need to address various requirements such as, but not limited to: the requirement for an applicable State supervisory authority to maintain such an MOU to allow non-federally insured credit unions and their employees in its State to have continuous access to, and use of, the registry; examination of the non-federally insured credit unions‟ compliance with the rule by either the State supervisory authority or NCUA; non-federally insured credit unions‟ payment of examination fees and payment for any necessary Registry modifications; and enforcement authority and penalties for non-federally insured credit unions for noncompliance. Any information provided by the Registry to the public about non-federally insured credit unions and their employees must include a clear and conspicuous statement that the non-federally insured credit union is not insured by the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund. If any State supervisory authority where non-federally insured credit unions are located fails to enter into or maintain an agreement with NCUA for this registration process and oversight, the non-federally insured credit unions and their employees in that State cannot register or maintain an existing registration under the Federal system. They instead must use the appropriate State licensing and registration system, or if the State does not have such a system, the licensing and registration system established by the Department of Housing and Urban Department (HUD) for mortgage loan originators and their employees.22 In addition, NCUA‟s final rule requires that the State supervisory authorities who seek to have non-federally insured credit unions in their states participate in the Federal registration system enter into the applicable 22 HUD published its proposed rule to establish this system on December 15, 2009. See 74 FR 66548. 16
  • 17. agreement with NCUA on or before the date the Agencies provide in a public notice that the Registry is accepting initial registrations. Finally, NCUA acknowledges that, while it is an added requirement for non-federally insured credit unions to have their State supervisory authorities enter into an agreement with NCUA, this is necessary to have any oversight or enforcement authority at all over these entities. Absent any agreement, non-federally insured credit unions cannot participate in the Federal registration system. They are not subject to a Federal regime of examination and supervision, and are unlike any other Agency-regulated depository institutions covered under this rule. Therefore, they are subject to a different procedure to participate in the same Federal registration system. Section 1507 of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5106) requires the Federal banking agencies to make such de minimis exceptions “as may be appropriate” to the Act‟s registration requirements.23 Paragraph (c)(2) of § ___.101 of the proposed rule provided a de minimis exception based on an individual‟s and, in the aggregate, an institution‟s total number of residential mortgage loans originated in a rolling 12-month period. Specifically, the proposal provided that the registration requirements would not apply to an employee of an Agency- regulated institution if, during the last 12 months: (1) the employee acted as a mortgage loan originator for 5 or fewer residential mortgage loans; and (2) the Agency-regulated institution 23 See S.A.F.E. Act at sections 1507(c) (12 U.S.C. 5106(c)) (de minimis exceptions), 1504(a)(1)(A) (12 U.S.C. 5103(a)(1)(A)) (requirement to register), 1504(a)(2) (12 U.S.C. 5103(a)(2)) (requirement to obtain a unique identifier). As discussed in the Supplementary Information section of the proposed rule, the FCA has authority under section 5.17(a)(11) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended, 12 U.S.C. 2252(a)(11), to apply the de minimis exception to FCS institutions. Section 5.17(a)(11) of the Farm Credit Act authorizes the FCA to “exercise such incidental powers as may be necessary or appropriate to fulfill its duties . . . .” In this case, the FCA is exercising its incidental powers to fulfill the requirement in the S.A.F.E. Act that it work together with the Federal banking agencies to develop and maintain a system for registering residential mortgage loan originators at Agency- regulated institutions with the Registry. A coordinated and uniform approach to the de minimis exception among the Agencies is appropriate because it best fulfills the objectives of the S.A.F.E. Act. 17
  • 18. employs mortgage loan originators who, while excepted from registration pursuant to this section, in the aggregate, acted as a mortgage loan originator in connection with 25 or fewer residential mortgage loans. The Agencies received many, and varied, comments on this de minimis exception. Most commenters supported an exception to the rule‟s requirements. However, a majority of the commenters did not agree with the proposal‟s formulation of this exception, nor did they agree on an alternative. Specifically, some commenters requested that the Agencies raise the threshold number of loans originated by an individual mortgage loan originator and/or the institution so that more low-volume originators would qualify for the exception. These commenters indicated that, because of its narrowness, too few institutions would be able to use the exception as proposed and others would unnecessarily register employees solely to avoid accidental non- compliance with the rule. Some, however, thought that the proposed threshold numbers were too high, and could cause an institution to spread its originations over numerous employees to avoid registration. Still others said that the proposed de minimis exception would be fairer, and much easier to apply, if the threshold limitation applied only to the employee or to the institution, but not both. A Federal government agency commenter found that the proposed definition of de minimis would make the rule unduly burdensome on small community banks. A number of commenters also suggested that the final rule base a de minimis exception on a percentage of total loans or the total loan volume made at each institution, instead of the number of loans. Some trade associations and smaller institutions requested that the de minimis exception be based on an institution‟s asset-size, with suggestions ranging from the Home 18
  • 19. Mortgage Disclosure Act24 threshold for institutions regulated by a Federal banking agency, currently set by the Board at $39 million in assets,25 to $1 billion, which would be consistent with exceptions for small institutions in other provisions of law. Other commenters opposed an asset-based approach, with larger Agency-regulated institutions noting that the exceptions should not be structured to benefit only small institutions. Other commenters wanted the exception to be applied to institutions with no prior history of mortgage origination fraud or to institutions with good performance histories from previous supervisory examinations, regardless of the number of loans originated. Some commenters also suggested that the exception should apply only to individuals who do not regularly or principally function as a mortgage loan originator. Some commenters noted that the exception could instead be based on the percentage of time an employee spends engaged in the origination of residential mortgage loans. The Agencies also received conflicting comments on whether to aggregate a subsidiary's loans with the parent institution for determining de minimis qualification. One commenter opposed such aggregation, while another stated that an institution should be required to aggregate its loan data with that of its subsidiaries so that institutions could not “game” the system by creating new subsidiaries each time a subsidiary approaches the de minimis limit. Still other commenters pointed out that it would be very time consuming and burdensome to game the de minimis limit – rendering gaming opportunities essentially unrealistic. Many commenters noted the complexity of the proposed exception. One commenter stated that the de minimis exception would not have any significant effect because the 24 12 U.S.C. 2801 et seq. 25 See 12 CFR 203.2 (Regulation C). 19
  • 20. complexity of complying with it would outweigh its benefits. Others noted that the proposed exception would be difficult for an institution to monitor and maintain. Some commenters appeared to misinterpret the proposed aggregate exception. The Agencies agree that the de minimis exception should be simplified, and, in particular, that it should be structured so that it may be utilized by an individual who does not regularly or principally function as a mortgage loan originator employed by any Agency-regulated institution, regardless of the size or loan volume of the institution. Therefore, the final rule eliminates the aggregate exception and includes only the first prong of the proposed de minimis exception, which applies only to individuals. The final rule also provides that this exception only applies if the employee has never before been registered or licensed though the Registry. Final § ___. 101(c)(2) thus provides that the registration requirements of this section do not apply to an employee of an Agency-regulated institution who has never been registered or licensed through the Registry as a mortgage loan originator and who has acted as a mortgage loan originator for 5 or fewer residential mortgage loans during the last 12 months. In order to prevent manipulation of the registration requirement by structuring this exception to apply to multiple employees who each would not meet the exception‟s threshold for registration, the final rule prohibits any Agency-regulated institution from engaging in any act or practice to evade the limits of the de minimis exception. The Agencies believe that replacing the proposed institution limit with this anti-evasion prohibition is appropriate and will discourage circumvention of registration requirements without increasing an institution‟s administrative burden. Monitoring compliance with the exception as revised should be less burdensome for Agency-regulated institutions. In addition, in the Agencies‟ view, this revised exception better balances the usefulness of the exception to Agency-regulated institutions and their mortgage loan 20
  • 21. originators with the consumer protection and fraud prevention purposes of the S.A.F.E. Act. Although the final rule specifically applies this anti-evasion provision to the de minimis exception, Agency-regulated institutions must not engage in any act or practice to evade any other requirement of the S.A.F.E. Act or this final rule. The Agencies note that, as with the proposal, an employee must register with the Registry prior to engaging in mortgage loan origination activity that exceeds the exception limit. In addition, the Agencies note that the de minimis exception contained in the final rule is voluntary; it does not prevent a mortgage loan originator who meets the criteria for the exception from registering with the Registry if the originator chooses to do so or if his or her employer requires registration. The Agencies note that the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) has directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to require all mortgage loan applications taken on and after July 1, 2010, to include the mortgage loan originator‟s unique identifier.26 Agency-regulated institutions should be aware of this requirement and any future guidance that FHFA may issue to address the Agencies‟ implementation of the Federal registration process, including the de minimis exception. The Agencies received a comment from one large financial institution requesting that we clarify whether the failure of a mortgage loan originator to register pursuant to this rulemaking has any substantive impact on a mortgage loan made by an institution that employs that originator. Neither the S.A.F.E. Act nor this subpart provides that a mortgage loan originator‟s 26 See FNMA LL 02-2009: New Mortgage Loan Data Requirements (02/13/09). The Agencies, however, expect that FHFA will provide some flexibility with this deadline, and perhaps establish a transition period to reflect the readiness of the Registry to begin accepting Federal registrations and this final rule‟s initial registration period. 21
  • 22. failure to register as required affects the validity or enforceability of any mortgage loan contract made by the institution that employs the originator. A few commenters suggested that in addition to the registration requirements, the final rule should impose educational and testing requirements on mortgage loan originators, as the S.A.F.E. Act does for State-licensed originators. The Agencies decline to impose such requirements. The S.A.F.E. Act does not include educational or testing requirements for mortgage loan originators employed by Agency-regulated institutions. In addition, as noted previously, the statute imposes different requirements on mortgage loan originators employed by Agency-regulated institutions. The Agencies note that these institutions already are subject to extensive Federal oversight, including regular on-site examination of their mortgage lending activities. Section ___.102 - Definitions Section ___.102 defines the terms used in the final rule. If a term is defined in the S.A.F.E. Act, the Agencies generally have incorporated the same definition in the final rule. The final rule also includes other definitions currently used by the NMLS in order to promote consistency and comparability, insofar as is feasible, between Federal registration requirements and the States‟ licensing requirements. Annual renewal period. Proposed § __.102(a) required that a mortgage loan originator renew his or her registration annually during the annual renewal period and defined this period as November 1 through December 31 of each year. This is the same annual renewal period currently provided by the NMLS to mortgage loan originators regulated by a State. This time period for renewals generated many comments. A few commenters suggested that the renewal period for Agency-regulated institutions should be at a different time of year 22
  • 23. than for originators regulated by a State. Others stated that the renewal period should be based upon the original registration date or original hire date, noting that a staggered registration process would be less burdensome for the Registry. Another commenter suggested that the employing institution determine its own renewal period for its employees. Still other commenters requested that this renewal period be lengthened from 60 to 90 days. The Agencies decline to change the dates for the annual renewal period. As indicated above, the current system for originators regulated by a State is configured for an annual renewal period from November 1 through December 31. A different renewal period for originators employed by Agency-regulated institutions would involve functionality changes to the existing system, adding costs and lengthening the implementation time. In addition, the Agencies note that different renewal periods could cause confusion and added burden to those originators who may work for both a State-regulated and Agency-regulated institution or who may switch from a State-regulated institution to an Agency-regulated institution during the year, and to employers of such originators, as well as for institutions that control both State- and Agency-regulated institutions. For these same reasons, the Agencies also decline to increase the renewal period from 60 to 90 days. Therefore, the final rule retains the proposed renewal period of November 1 through December 31 of each year. Mortgage loan originator. The proposed definition of “mortgage loan originator” was based on the definition of the term “loan originator” included in the S.A.F.E. Act at section 1503(3) (12 U.S.C. 5102(3)). As defined by the S.A.F.E. Act, this term means an individual who takes a residential mortgage loan application and offers or negotiates terms of a residential mortgage loan for compensation or gain. The term does not include an individual who is not a mortgage loan originator and: (1) performs purely administrative or clerical tasks on behalf of an 23
  • 24. individual who is a mortgage loan originator; (2) performs only real estate brokerage activities (as defined in section 1503(3)(D) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(3)(D))27 and is licensed or registered as a real estate broker in accordance with applicable State law, unless the individual is compensated by a lender, a mortgage broker, or other loan originator or by any agent of such lender, mortgage broker, or other mortgage loan originator; or (3) is solely involved in extensions of credit related to timeshare plans, as that term is defined in 11 U.S.C. 101(53D).28 For purposes of the definition of mortgage loan originator, section 1503(3)(C) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(3)(C)) defines “administrative or clerical tasks” to mean: (1) the receipt, collection, and distribution of information common for the processing or underwriting of a loan in the mortgage industry; and (2) communication with a consumer to obtain information necessary for the processing or underwriting of a residential mortgage loan. The proposal included this definition as well, with one nonsubstantive difference – the proposal used the phrase “residential mortgage industry” instead of “loan in the mortgage industry” in the first prong of the definition. 27 The S.A.F.E. Act defines “real estate brokerage activity” to mean any activity that involves offering or providing real estate brokerage services to the public, including: (i) acting as a real estate agent or real estate broker for a buyer, seller, lessor, or lessee of real property; (ii) bringing together parties interested in the sale, purchase, lease, rental, or exchange of real property; (iii) negotiating, on behalf of any party, any portion of a contract relating to the sale, purchase, lease, rental, or exchange of real property (other than in connection with providing financing with respect to any such transaction); (iv) engaging in any activity for which a person engaged in the activity is required to be registered or licensed as a real estate agent or real estate broker under any applicable law; and (v) offering to engage in any activity, or act in any capacity, described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv), above. S.A.F.E. Act at section 1503(3)(D) (12 U.S.C. 5102(3)(D)) Nothing in this rule would constitute an authorization for Agency-regulated institutions to engage in real estate brokerage, or any other activity, for which the institution does not have independent authority pursuant to Federal or State law, as applicable. 28 “Timeshare plan” is defined in 11 U.S.C. 101(53D) as an interest purchased in any arrangement, plan, scheme, or similar device, but not including exchange programs, whether by membership, agreement, tenancy in common, sale, lease, deed, rental agreement, license, right to use agreement, or by any other means, whereby a purchaser, in exchange for consideration, receives a right to use accommodations, facilities, or recreational sites, whether improved or unimproved, for a specific period of time less than a full year during any given year, but not necessarily for consecutive years, and which extends for a period of more than three years. A "timeshare interest" is that interest purchased in a timeshare plan which grants the purchaser the right to use and occupy accommodations, facilities, or recreational sites, whether improved or unimproved, pursuant to a timeshare plan. 24
  • 25. The Agencies included an appendix to the proposal that listed examples of the types of activities the Agencies consider to be both within and outside the scope of residential mortgage loan origination activities. The final rule retains this appendix with certain changes as discussed in this SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section. Individuals who receive “compensation or gain” as used in the definition of mortgage loan originator and described in this appendix include individuals who earn salaries, commissions or other incentive, or any combination thereof. The Agencies specifically requested comment on whether the definition of “mortgage loan originator” should cover individuals who modify existing residential mortgage loans, engage in approving loan assumptions, or engage in refinancing transactions and, if so, whether these individuals should be excluded from the definition. While a few commenters believed the Agencies should cover individuals engaged in such transactions, the majority of commenters on this issue stated that this rulemaking should not cover these individuals. In general, they indicated that mortgage loan modifications and assumptions are very different from mortgage loan originations, and that employees engaged in these transactions do not meet the S.A.F.E. Act‟s definition of mortgage loan originator. Specifically, commenters indicated that these employees neither accept residential mortgage loan applications nor negotiate the terms of a new residential mortgage loan. Instead, they renegotiate an existing loan with the goals of mitigating any loss to the institution and, in the case of modifications, providing the borrower with a more affordable payment option or other type of modification, or, in the case of assumptions, replacing the party responsible for repaying the mortgage loan. Many commenters indicated that their employees who engage in modifications and assumptions do not ever originate mortgage loans, and that modifications and assumptions are performed in different departments of the institution. 25
  • 26. Many commenters also noted that applying the S.A.F.E. Act‟s registration requirements to employees engaged in loan modifications and assumptions could significantly hamper loan modification efforts. The determining factor in whether the S.A.F.E. Act applies to residential mortgage loan- related transactions is whether the employee engaged in the transaction meets the definition of “mortgage loan originator.” In general, neither modifications nor assumptions result in the extinguishment of an existing loan and the replacement by a new loan, but rather the terms of an existing loan are revised or the loan is assumed by a new obligor. Thus, Agency-regulated institution employees engaged in these activities typically do not take loan applications, within the meaning of the S.A.F.E. Act. Therefore, the Agencies conclude that the S.A.F.E. Act‟s definition of “mortgage loan originator” generally would not include employees engaged in loan modifications or assumptions because they typically would not meet the two-prong test of this definition. However, if an employee engaged in a transaction labeled a loan “modification” or “assumption” can be found to meet the definition of “mortgage loan originator,” due to the nature of the specific transaction in question, he or she would be subject to the S.A.F.E. Act and this final rule. The substance of a transaction, not the label attached to it, is determinative of whether the Agency-regulated institution employee associated with it is a mortgage loan originator for purposes of this rule. For example, the Agencies believe that Agency-regulated institution employees engaged solely in bona fide cost-free loss mitigation efforts which result in reduced and sustainable payments for the borrower generally would not meet the definition of “mortgage loan originator.” In this regard, it should be noted that third parties involved in foreclosure prevention activities for compensation or gain, although outside the scope of this rulemaking, may be subject to licensing and registration pursuant to State law. 26
  • 27. The Agencies sought comment on whether the individuals who engage in certain refinancing transactions, specifically cash-out refinancing with the same lender, should be excluded from the definition of residential mortgage loan originator. Some industry commenters did not believe that such an exclusion was appropriate primarily because of the nature of a refinancing as a new loan and the potential for consumer abuse in these transactions. Other commenters also requested that we exclude individuals engaged in refinancings from the final rule‟s definition of mortgage loan originator, and that refinancings be excluded from the final rule‟s definition of residential mortgage loan, if the refinancing involves the same lender and the borrower obtained no cash proceeds. We decline to make this change. Refinancings are new loans, regardless of the lender, the loan terms, or proceeds, that involve a new application and an offer or negotiation of new loan terms. If an individual engaged in a refinancing transaction of a residential mortgage loan meets the two prongs of the definition of mortgage loan originator, he or she must comply with the requirements of the S.A.F.E. Act and this final rule.29 Other commenters suggested that the Agencies exclude loan servicing personnel from the requirements of this rulemaking. We decline to take this suggested approach because the S.A.F.E. Act definition is based on the activities of mortgage loan origination, rather than the job classification of the individual. An individual, regardless of job title, is a mortgage loan originator if he or she engages in the activities of mortgage loan origination within the meaning of the S.A.F.E. Act. For example, if a loan servicing employee of an Agency-regulated institution mainly performs loan servicing activities but also occasionally engages in residential mortgage loan origination, that person is a mortgage loan originator, regardless of whether he or 29 Some commenters noted that the Agencies should require only one mortgage loan originator for each mortgage loan. The Agencies decline to take this approach because the S.A.F.E. Act defines a mortgage loan originator according to the two-prong test set forth in the statute. 27
  • 28. she is called “servicing personnel.” On the other hand, for example, as discussed above in connection with loan modifications, a loan servicing employee engaged solely in bona fide cost- free loss mitigation efforts which result in reduced and sustainable payments for the borrower generally would not meet the definition of “mortgage loan originator.” Loan servicing employees of Agency-regulated institutions must comply with the registration requirements of the final rule if they meet both prongs of the definition of “mortgage loan originator,” unless they qualify for the de minimis exception under § ___.101(c)(2) of the final rule. Some commenters requested clarification that, when a servicing employee of an Agency-regulated institution works with a borrower to collect unpaid taxes or other costs pursuant to a repayment or collection plan, the employee is not acting as a mortgage loan originator under the Agencies‟ rules. The Agencies agree that such activities would generally not meet the two-prong test of this definition. Some commenters asked the Agencies to explain whether the S.A.F.E. Act and this rule applied to residential mortgage loan originations made through an automated underwriting system, whereby an applicant inquires about, applies for, and/or receives a decision on an application electronically through an institution‟s Web site.30 Although some institutions may choose to establish an automated system to collect application information and make an initial decision on a loan application, from a risk management and compliance perspective, an institution is expected to set the system parameters and monitor system output for compliance with various laws, regulations, and guidance on an ongoing basis. Such institutions are expected to register employees involved in that process who meet the definition of “mortgage loan 30 Section 107(5)(A)(x) of the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1757(5)(A)(x)) requires all loans to be approved by a credit committee or loan officer. For all federal credit unions, and to the extent state chartered credit unions operate under a similar State law or regulation, the statutory and regulatory definition of mortgage loan originator is met and the S.A.F.E Act does apply. 28
  • 29. originator,” as appropriate. The Agencies note, as indicated above, that the FHFA has directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to require all mortgage loan applications taken on and after July 1, 2010, to include the mortgage loan originator‟s unique identifier.31 Institutions should keep apprised of any future guidance FHFA may issue to address this requirement. For the reasons discussed above, the final rule includes the definition of “mortgage loan originator” as proposed, with one technical change to the definition of “administrative or clerical tasks” to make it identical to the definition of this term in section 1503(3)(C) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(3)(C)). Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry or Registry. Section ___.102(c) of the proposed rule‟s definition of these terms is based on the definition included in section 1503(5) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(5)). Specifically, these terms mean the system developed and maintained by CSBS and the AARMR for the State licensing and registration of State-licensed mortgage loan originators and the registration of mortgage loan originators pursuant to section 1507 of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5106). As explained above, CSBS and the AARMR have established an online system, NMLS, that currently supports the licensing and registration of mortgage loan originators regulated by a State. The Agencies are working with CSBS to modify the NMLS to support the registration of mortgage loan originators employed by Agency-regulated institutions, and will rename this system the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry. The Agencies received no comments on this definition and adopt it as proposed. 31 See FNMA LL 02-2009: New Mortgage Loan Data Requirements (Feb. 13, 2009). The Agencies, however, expect that FHFA will provide some flexibility with this deadline, and perhaps establish a transition period to reflect the readiness of the Registry to begin accepting Federal registrations and this final rule‟s initial registration period. 29
  • 30. Registered mortgage loan originator. Pursuant to section 1503(7) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(7)), the proposed rule defined this term to mean any individual who meets the definition of mortgage loan originator, is an employee of an Agency-regulated institution, and is registered pursuant to the requirements of this rule with, and maintains a unique identifier through, the Registry. This definition is the same as that included in the S.A.F.E. Act, except that the Agencies have modified it to apply only to individuals registered pursuant to regulations issued by the Agencies. The Agencies received no comments on this definition and adopt it as proposed. Residential mortgage loan. As in section 1503(8) of the S.A.F.E. Act, (12 U.S.C. 5102(8)), the proposal defined “residential mortgage loan” as any loan primarily for personal, family, or household use that is secured by a mortgage, deed of trust, or other equivalent consensual security interest on a dwelling (as defined in section 103(v) of the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) (15 U.S.C. 1602(v))32 or residential real estate upon which is constructed or intended to be constructed a dwelling. In addition, the proposal specifically included refinancings, reverse mortgages, home equity lines of credit and other first and second lien loans secured by a dwelling in this definition in order to clarify that originators of these types of loans are covered by the rule‟s requirements. One commenter suggested that ancillary liens on an underlying mortgage loan or liens taken to provide consumers with potential tax advantages should not be considered residential mortgage loans. In addition, another commenter asked that the definition of residential mortgage 32 TILA defines “dwelling” as a residential structure or mobile home which contains one-to-four family housing units, or individual units of condominiums or cooperatives. 15 U.S.C. 1602(v). Board regulations and commentary include in this definition any residential structure that contains one to four units, whether or not that structure is attached to real property, and includes an individual condominium unit, cooperative unit, mobile home, and trailer, if it is used as a residence. See 12 CFR 226.2(a)(19) (Regulation Z). 30
  • 31. loan include an exception to exclude seller-sponsored financing of the sale of lender-owned property. The Agencies decline to adopt these exclusions to the definition of “residential mortgage loan” and adopt this definition as proposed. These types of loans clearly fall within the statutory definition of “residential mortgage loans,” and the S.A.F.E. Act makes no exceptions for these two situations. We do clarify, however, that this definition does not include loans for business, commercial, or agricultural purposes that use as collateral property that meets the definition of a “dwelling.” As indicated in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section to the proposed rule, the FCA emphasizes that section 1503(8) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(8)) and § ___.102(e) do not amend or supersede sections 1.11(b) and 2.4(b) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended (12 U.S.C. 2019(b) and 2075(b)), and their implementing regulation, 12 CFR 613.3030(c), which establish the purposes for which FCS institutions may originate residential mortgage loans for eligible rural home borrowers. Unique Identifier. The proposed rule‟s definition of this term was almost identical to that in section 1503(12) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5102(12)). The Agencies received no comments on this definition and adopt it as proposed. Specifically, the final rule defines “unique identifier” to mean a number or other identifier that: (1) permanently identifies a registered mortgage loan originator; (2) is assigned by protocols established by the Registry and the Agencies to facilitate electronic tracking of mortgage loan originators, and uniform identification of, and public access to, the employment history of and the publicly adjudicated disciplinary and enforcement actions against mortgage loan originators; and (3) must not be used for purposes other than those set forth in the S.A.F.E. Act. 31
  • 32. Other terms. The Agencies note that § ___.103(d) of the proposed and final rule uses the terms “control” and “financial services-related” in the descriptions of the information that is required of an employee who is a mortgage loan originator. These terms are currently defined in the Web-based MU4 form collecting information on State-licensed mortgage loan originators. In order to promote consistency of the information collected for Agency-regulated and State- licensed mortgage loan originators, the Agencies reiterate that the MU4 form‟s definitions of those two terms will also be used in the Web-based form collecting information on Agency- regulated mortgage loan originators and, therefore have not defined them in this rulemaking.33 A number of commenters requested that the Agencies define “employee” for purposes of this rulemaking to provide more clarity regarding the individuals covered by the rule. Agency- regulated institutions must have a process for identifying which employees of the institution are required to be registered mortgage loan originators.34 As the Supreme Court has explained, “where Congress uses terms that have accumulated settled meaning under . . . the common law, a court must infer, unless the statute otherwise dictates, that Congress means to incorporate the established meaning of these terms . . . . In the past, when Congress has used the term 'employee' without defining it, we have concluded that Congress intended to describe the 33 The Registry currently defines “control” as the power, directly or indirectly, to direct the management or policies of a company, whether through ownership of securities, by contract, or otherwise. Any person that (i) is a general partner or executive officer, including Chief Executive, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operations Officer, Chief legal Officer, Chief Credit Officer, Chief Compliance Officer, Director, and individuals occupying similar positions or performing similar functions; (ii) directly or indirectly has the right to vote 10% or more of a class of a voting security or has the power to sell or direct the sale of 10% or more of a class of voting securities; or (iii) in the case of a partnership, has the right to receive upon dissolution, or has contributed, 10% or more of the capital, is presumed to control that company. The Registry‟s current definition of “Financial services-related” means pertaining to securities, commodities, banking, insurance, consumer lending, or real estate (including, but not limited to; acting as or being associated with a bank or savings association, credit union, Farm Credit System institution, mortgage lender, mortgage broker, real estate salesperson or agent, appraiser, closing agent, title company, or escrow agent).. 34 See § ___.104(a). 32
  • 33. conventional master-servant relationship as understood by common-law agency doctrine." 35 Section 7.07(3)(a) of the Restatement (Third) of Agency explains that “an employee is an agent whose principal controls or has the right to control the manner and means of the agent‟s performance of work.”36 The Agencies thus intend that the meaning of employee under the S.A.F.E. Act and this rule is consistent with the right-to-control test under the common law agency doctrine. The Agencies note in this regard that the IRS uses the common law right-to- control test as its basis for classification of workers as employees.37 The result of this test generally determines whether an institution files a W-2 or a 1099 for an individual. The Agencies therefore expect an Agency-regulated institution would identify a mortgage loan originator as an individual subject to this final rule if, following consideration of the relevant facts, the institution determines that the individual is an employee of the Agency-regulated institution.38 Section __.103 – Registration of mortgage loan originators Section 1504(a) of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5103(a)) prohibits an individual who is an employee of an Agency-regulated institution from engaging in the business of a loan originator without registering as a loan originator with the Registry, maintaining annually such registration, and obtaining a unique identifier through the Registry. As in the proposal and 35 Nationwide Mutual Ins. Co. v. Darden, 503 U.S. 318, 322-23 (1992) (citing Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid, 490 U.S. 730, 739-40 (1989) (other citations omitted). 36 RESTATEMENT (THIRD) OF AGENCY § 7.07(3)(a) (2006). 37 IRS Publication 1779; see also Form SS-8, Determination of Worker Status for Purposes of Federal Employment Taxes and Income Tax Withholding. 38 Agency-regulated institutions that are credit unions sometimes rely upon volunteers to originate mortgage loans. The right-to-control test under the common law agency doctrine likewise applies to these credit unions. Credit union management establishes the policies, procedures, and practices that volunteers use in performing their functions. Therefore, these volunteers qualify as employees of the Agency-regulated institution for purposes of the S.A.F.E. Act and this rule. 33
  • 34. described more specifically below, § ___.103 of the final rule imposes the responsibility for complying with these requirements on both the individual employee and the employing institution. In addition, both the employee and the employing institution must submit information to the Registry for each registration to be complete. The Agencies note that an employee of an Agency-regulated institution who is not actively engaged in residential mortgage loan activity is not prohibited from registering with the Registry. Employee registration requirement. In general, § ___.103(a)(1) of the proposed rule required an employee of an Agency-regulated institution who acts as a mortgage loan originator to register with the Registry, obtain a unique identifier, and maintain his or her registration. This section further provided that any employee who is not in compliance with the registration and unique identifier requirements set forth in the proposed rule is in violation of the S.A.F.E. Act and this rule.39 The Agencies note that this registration requirement would not apply if the employee qualifies for the de minimis exception. The Agencies did not receive substantive comments specifically on this section and therefore adopt it as proposed. Institution requirement. Proposed paragraph (a)(2) of § _____.103 provided that an Agency-regulated institution must require its employees who are mortgage loan originators to register with the Registry, maintain this registration, and obtain a unique identifier in compliance with this subpart. This provision also prohibited an Agency-regulated institution from permitting 39 The OCC, Board, FDIC, and OTS have the authority to take enforcement actions against their respective Agency-regulated institutions and individual employees of those institutions who violate the S.A.F.E. Act and this final rule, pursuant to 12 U.S.C. 1818. The FCA has authority to take enforcement actions against Farm Credit System institutions and individual employees who violate the S.A.F.E. Act and this final rule pursuant to Title V, Part C of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended, 12 U.S.C. 2261 et seq. The NCUA has the authority to take enforcement actions against federally-insured credit unions and their employees who violate the S.A.F.E. Act and this final rule under 12 U.S.C. 1786. For privately insured credit unions, memoranda of understanding between NCUA and applicable State supervisory authorities will establish enforcement authority. 34
  • 35. its employees to act as mortgage loan originators unless registered with the Registry pursuant to this subpart, after the applicable implementation periods specified in §§ ____.103(a)(3) and (a)(4)(ii) expire. One commenter objected to this requirement as not being based on statutory language. Although the S.A.F.E. Act does not contain the same express prohibition as in the Agencies‟ proposed rule, determining the scope of mortgage loan origination activities that subject an individual or institution to the Act‟s requirements is well within the Agencies‟ authority to implement the statute. The imposition of this requirement on Agency-regulated institutions implements the purposes of the S.A.F.E. Act and ensures Agency-regulated institutions and their employees comply with all applicable laws. This commenter also stated that this requirement would be difficult to enforce because an employing institution may not know of the activities of its employees outside of their scope of employment at that institution. We agree with this commenter that the language in § __103.(a)(2)(ii) should be clarified so that an institution‟s oversight of a mortgage loan originator applies only to the extent the originator is acting within the scope of his or her employment at that institution. We therefore adopt § ___.103(a)(2) with this one change. Implementation period for initial registrations. Proposed § ___.103(a)(3) provided a 180- day implementation period for initial registrations beginning on the date the Agencies provide public notice that the Registry is accepting initial registrations. The Agencies have adopted this provision as proposed with one minor change to clarify that the implementation period begins on the date that the Agencies provide in their public notice, not the actual date of the public notice. Pursuant to the proposal, an employee could continue to originate residential mortgage loans 35
  • 36. without complying with the rule‟s registration requirement before and during this 180-day period. After this 180-day period expires, any existing employee or newly-hired employee of an Agency-regulated institution who is subject to the registration requirements would be prohibited from originating residential mortgage loans without first meeting such requirements. The Agencies specifically requested comment on whether this 180-day implementation period would provide Agency-regulated institutions and their employees with adequate time to complete the initial registration process. The Agencies also inquired as to whether an alternative schedule for implementation and initial registrations would be appropriate, what such an alternative schedule should be, and whether, and how, a staggered registration process should be developed. The Agencies received many comments on this implementation period. Some commenters supported a 180-day period. Others supported the proposed 180-day implementation period provided that certain conditions are met, such as excluding loan modification and mitigation employees from the registration requirements, allowing batch processing, simplifying the employer verification requirements, and immediate confirmation of registration without delay for fingerprint or background check results. Other commenters, however, stated that the proposed 180-day implementation period would not provide sufficient time to register the large number of employees subject to the registration requirement, properly train all employees, develop compliance policies, and program and implement system controls. Many noted that a longer period would prevent the Registry from being overwhelmed with registrations. Two commenters, including one Federal agency, stated that additional time will particularly benefit smaller financial institutions. Another commenter indicated that the time, effort, and resources required to meet new systems 36
  • 37. requirements can be extensive, and that a 180-day implementation period for such major changes would be extremely difficult for larger institutions. These commenters suggested an implementation period of nine months to one year. One commenter stated that each Agency should have the flexibility to grant additional time to register in the event the Registry becomes backlogged or inundated with a large volume of registrations. No commenter requested a shorter implementation period. The Agencies understand that Agency-regulated institutions and their mortgage loan originator employees will face certain implementation issues in complying with the registration requirements established by this rulemaking. However, as indicated above, due to various system modifications and enhancements required to make the existing system capable of accepting Federal registrants, the system is not expected to be available to accept Federal registrations until sometime in 2010. The 180-day implementation period will not begin until the system is available to accept Federal registrations. This in effect provides institutions with an implementation period longer than 180 days as institutions and their employees can begin to implement the final rule‟s requirements before the Registry is operational, i.e., develop policies and procedures, train employees, gather information needed for registration, and program and implement system controls. In addition, CSBS and SRR will provide information to, and assist Agency-regulated institutions in preparation for, registration during this period. The Agencies believe that this additional time will provide mortgage loan originators, and the Agency- regulated institutions that employ them, adequate opportunity to prepare for the registration requirements. Any extension of the 180-day implementation period provided in the final rule will only further delay the registration of residential mortgage loan originators and, as a result, the consumer protection benefits of the S.A.F.E. Act. In addition, as described below, batch 37
  • 38. processing of at least some information likely will be available, which should make the registration process more efficient for both the institution and the registering employee. For these reasons, the Agencies decline to provide an implementation period longer than the proposed 180 days. Many commenters indicated support for a staggered implementation period. Some noted that this could be based on institution size, loan origination volume, or employee qualifiers (such as birth date or last name). Some of these commenters, however, noted that they would support a staggered schedule only if it would provide a registration period of equal length for all registrants. Other commenters supported a staggered process that would give smaller institutions or institutions that do not originate many residential mortgage loans the greatest amount of time to comply with the requirements. The Agencies agree that a staggered implementation process for those institutions that prefer one would be useful. Such a process would allow institutions to register their employees within specific time periods during the implementation period with the assistance of dedicated staff. Staggered registration would limit the number of originators registering at any one time and spread the registration of originators throughout the implementation period. Although such a schedule mostly would benefit those institutions with the largest number of mortgage loan originators, it also should enable the Registry to accommodate all registrations in a more timely and efficient manner, thereby benefiting all institutions. Accordingly, the Agencies will work with CSBS and SRR to develop a staggered registration schedule for institutions, in particular those that are estimated to have a large number of mortgage loan originators subject to Federal registration, that request such a schedule. This staggered process would occur within the 180- day implementation period in order not to delay the registration of mortgage loan originators and 38
  • 39. the ability of consumers to fully utilize the Registry. Because institutions that request a staggered registration process would have a dedicated period during which to register within the 180-day period, registration burdens may be eased for these institutions, lessening their need for the full 180-day registration period. Details on this staggered approach will be provided to applicable institutions when they have been finalized and may include the availability of this dedicated staff prior to the start of the registration period. Special rule for previously registered employees. Under paragraph (a)(4) of § ___.103 of the proposed and final rule, properly registered or licensed mortgage loan originators would not have to register again with the Registry when they change employment by moving from one Agency-regulated institution to another or from a State-regulated institution to an Agency- regulated institution, regardless of whether the change in employment is made voluntarily, through an acquisition or merger of the employee‟s prior employer, or through a reorganization where previously State-licensed mortgage loan originators become subject to the registration requirements of Agency-regulated institutions. Instead, the employee and employing institution need only update information in the Registry and complete the required authorizations and attestation. Specifically, proposed paragraph (a)(4) of § ___.103 provided that if a new employee of an Agency-regulated institution had previously registered with, and obtained a unique identifier from, the Registry prior to becoming an employee of that institution and has maintained that registration (or license, if previously employed by a non-Agency-regulated institution), the registration requirements of this subpart are deemed to be met provided that: (1) the employee‟s employment information in the Registry is updated and the employee has completed the required authorizations and attestation; (2) new fingerprints of the employee are provided to the Registry 39
  • 40. for a background check, except in the case of mergers, acquisitions or reorganizations; (3) information concerning the new employing institution is provided to the Registry pursuant to § ___.103(e)(1)(i), to the extent the institution has not previously met these requirements, and § ___.103(e)(2)(i);40 and (4) the registration is maintained pursuant to the requirements of §§ ___.103(b) and (e)(1)(ii) as of the date that the employee becomes employed by the institution. Some commenters requested that the Agencies reduce these requirements in order to further facilitate the movement of employees from one institution to another and prevent unnecessary interruption of mortgage origination activity. However, the Agencies believe that the current provision adequately reduces regulatory burden on Agency-regulated institutions as well as the residential mortgage industry when registered mortgage loan originators change employers and will allow a mortgage origination transaction in process at the time of the employment change to proceed smoothly. It requires less than what would be needed to complete a new registration and requires only that information necessary to update the employee‟s registration and confirm the identity of the originator and the employer, thereby preventing fraudulent information from being submitted to the Registry. However, we have amended § ___.103(a)(4)(i)(B) to provide that new fingerprints are not required to be submitted, pursuant to § ___.103(d)(1)(ix), if the registered loan originator has fingerprints on file with the Registry that are less than three years old. The Registry will use these existing prints for purposes of the background check. This three-year age limit is consistent with the procedures to be used by SRR for mortgage loan originators licensed by a State. We note that, as proposed, the 40 These provisions require: the institution‟s name; main office address; IRS Employer Tax Identification Number; Research Statistics Supervision Discount (RSSD) number; identification of the institution‟s primary Federal regulator; contact information for individuals at the institution for Registry purposes; applicable subsidiary 40
  • 41. final rule does not require fingerprints or a new background check when the change in employers is due to an acquisition, merger, or reorganization because these transactions carry a lower risk of fraud and identity theft. The Agencies note that institutions should still conduct prudent screening of prospective employees to confirm their identities. In response to a comment, the Agencies note that paragraph (a)(4) of § ___.103 applies when an employee of an Agency-regulated institution becomes an employee of another Agency- regulated institution, regardless of whether the entities are affiliated. Similarly, when an employee of a subsidiary of an Agency-regulated institution becomes an employee of the institution, the requirements of § ___.103 apply. In order to reduce regulatory burden and to prevent an interruption in mortgage origination activity, the proposed § ___.103(a)(4)(ii) provided a 60-day grace period to comply with the § ___.103(a)(4)(i) requirements when a registered mortgage loan originator becomes an employee of an Agency-regulated institution as a result of an acquisition, merger, or reorganization. Some commenters agreed that this 60-day grace period is appropriate and provides the proper balance between implementing the purpose of the S.A.F.E. Act and protecting consumers. Other commenters, however, requested that this period be extended to 90 or 180 days due to the complexity and protracted nature of the merger and acquisition process. Some commenters also requested that a 60-day grace period apply to all changes in employment, regardless of whether the change is the result of a merger or acquisition transaction. Final § ___.103(a)(4)(ii) retains the proposed 60-day grace period for a change in employers due to acquisitions, mergers or reorganizations. The Agencies find that 60 days is an adequate time for institutions and their employees to update registrations in the case of these information, and confirmation that it employs the registrant. Information regarding an institution‟s RSSD number is 41
  • 42. transactions and agree with the commenters who stated that this time period balances the purposes of the S.A.F.E. Act and consumer protection. Additionally, the Agencies find that a grace period is not necessary when a mortgage loan originator changes employers for other reasons. This situation does not raise the same compliance burden as does an acquisition, merger, or reorganization, in which a large number of employees are switching employers at the same time. Therefore, as proposed, the final rule requires that these registered mortgage loan originators comply with the requirements of § __.103(a)(4) before they may originate residential mortgage loans for their new employer. Another commenter requested that the Agencies permit an employer to submit one update concerning all affected employees in the case of an acquisition, merger, or reorganization, rather than having each individual employee submit what is largely identical information about their change in employer. The Agencies agree that this approach would reduce burden for the employee, institution, and the Registry. We specifically have instructed CSBS and SRR to develop a process for these transactions that would allow the bulk transfer of business location and contact information for all mortgage loan originators from one institution to another. However, each individual employee still must complete the authorization and attestation for their own updated registration record. The Agencies adopt proposed § ___.103(a)(4) with the addition of the language discussed above related to fingerprints in § ___.103(a)(4)(i)(B). The Agencies also have modified § ___.103(a)(4) to clarify that an employee of a bank who has been properly registered or licensed as a mortgage loan originator need only update information in the Registry, and complete the required authorizations and attestation, whether that employee is a new employee available from the Board. 42
  • 43. of the Agency-regulated institution or becomes subject to this subpart while an employee of the institution. The Agencies note that the registration of a mortgage loan originator who leaves any employer will be recorded as inactive in the Registry until he or she is hired by another entity, his or her record is updated in accordance with the final rule‟s requirements, and the new employer acknowledges employing the mortgage loan originator through the Registry. The individual will be prohibited from acting as a mortgage loan originator at an Agency-regulated institution until such time as the registration is reactivated, unless covered by the 60-day grace period for acquisitions, mergers, and reorganizations. Maintaining Registration. Under proposed § ___.103(b)(1)(i), a registered mortgage loan originator must renew his or her registration with the Registry during the annual renewal period, November 1 through December 31 of each year. To renew, the employee must confirm that the information previously submitted to the Registry remains accurate and complete, updating any information as appropriate. Any registration that is not renewed during this period will become inactive, and the individual will be prohibited from acting as a mortgage loan originator at an Agency-regulated institution until such time as the registration requirements are met. However, an individual who fails to update information during this period may renew his or her registration at any time and does not need to wait until the start of the next annual renewal period. Inactive mortgage loan originators will not be assigned a new unique identifier if they reactivate their registration. Some commenters opposed the requirement to renew registrations annually as overly burdensome and unnecessary. Some suggested alternatively that a registration remain valid until there is a change in employment status or other change that requires an update of database 43
  • 44. information. Others recommended that the renewal be every two, three, or five years, or based on the experience of the originator. The Agencies understand that an annual renewal process requires an expenditure of time and resources by individual originators and their employing Agency-regulated institutions. However, section 1504 of the S.A.F.E. Act (12 U.S.C. 5103), requires that mortgage loan originators maintain their registration annually. Therefore, the Agencies can not eliminate, or lengthen the time between, renewals. For this reason, the Agencies adopt § ___.103(b)(1)(i) as proposed without revision. We note that the automated processing of annual renewals, as more fully described below, could lessen the impact on the resources needed for these renewals. One commenter suggested that the final rule not require a mortgage loan originator to renew his or her registration during this annual renewal period if registration was made less than six months prior to the end of the renewal period. The Agencies believe this change is reasonable and within the scope of the S.A.F.E. Act. We have amended the final rule accordingly by adding new paragraph (b)(3) to final § ___.103. However, a mortgage loan originator still is required to update his or her registration during this six month period if any information provided to the Registry at the time of registration changes, pursuant to § ___ .103(b)(1)(ii), described below. In addition to the annual renewal, proposed § ___.103(b)(1)(ii) provided that a registration must be updated within 30 days of the occurrence of any of the following events: (1) a change in the employee‟s name; (2) the registrant ceases to be an employee of the institution; or (3) any of the employee‟s responses to the information required for registration pursuant to paragraphs (d)(1)(iii) through (viii) of § ___.103 become inaccurate. 44