This presentation is regarding relevance of frontal lobe of brain in psychiatry

1. FRONTAL LOBE CHAIR PERSONS: Prof.DR.V.RAMANUJAM,MD.,DPM DR.S.ANANDA KRISHNAKUMAR, MD.,DPM PRESENTOR: DR.A.GODSON 1st YEAR MD

2. INTRODUCTION EMOTIONAL CONTROL CENTER HOME TO PERSONALITY MORE PRONE TO INJURY DEVELOPMENT ARISE FROM LATERAL WALL OF DIENCEPHALON DERIVED FROM ROSTRAL END OF HEMISPHERE

4. SUPERIOR FRONTAL SULCUS

5. INFERIOR FRONTAL SULCUS

6. PRECENTRAL GYRUS

7. SUPERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS

8. MIDDLE FRONTAL GYRUS

9. INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS

10. PARS ORBITALIS

11. PARS TRIANGULARIS

15. GYRUS RECTUS

16. ORBITAL SULCI-H SHAPED

17. LATERAL,MEDIAL , ANTERIOR,POSTERIOR ORBITAL GYRI

22. Smooth pursuit eye movements

24. Speech formation

27. Anticipation

28. Planning

29. Initiative

30. Memory

32. Longterm memory formation

34. Flexible Control of exitation&inhibition

35. Emotional control of behavior

36. Brodman area 10,11,47

40. FUNCTIONS OF SPECIFIC AREAS-GLANCE Primary motor cortex : planning, initiation and control of physical movement Dorsolateral frontal lobe: planning, strategy formation, and other executive functions. Left prefrontal cortex : verbal memory Right prefrontal cortex : spatial memory. Broca's area: expressive language, i.e. language production. Orbitofrontal cortex: response inhibition, impulse control, and social behaviour.ability to make choice,determine right from wrong

42. LOSS OF FINE MOTOR FUNCTION

44. HYPOKINESIA,AKINETIC MUTISM-CINGULATE LESION

46. Difficulty in Sustained Attention-Digit vigilance test

47. Deficits in Selective Attention-Color trails &trail making test

49. Loss of recent memory

51. Lack of anticipation of consequence

53. Unable to inhibit customary mode of responding due to interference with voluntory control of inhibition

55. Broca’s aphasia/Expressive aphasia-agrammatism

56. Frontal adynamic aphasia/Prefronal aphasia

58. Perseveration behaviour

59. Inappropriate aggression

60. Inappropriate sexual behaviour

62. CONTINUED syndrome characterized by: Impairment in personality Impairment in social behavior Impairment in spontaneous arousal of attention Impairment in arousal/motivation Impairment in the ability to focus attention, Impairment in initiating behavior Impairment of goal directed and purposeful behavior Tendency to display inappropriate emotions and behavior Impairment in ability to change mental set

63. FRONTAL LOBE EPILEPSY BRIEF,RECURRENT SEIZURE SECOND MOST COMMON AFTER TLE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION DEPENDS AREA OF INVOLVEMENT ONSET WITH ABNORMAL BODY POSTURE/SONSORIMOTOR TICS RARELY UNCONTROLLABLE LAUGH OR CRY BRIEF POSTICTAL CONFUSION CAUSE RANGE FROM GENETIC TO TRAUMA

65. ABSTRACT THINKING TEST

66. FIST- RING TEST

67. FIST-PALM-SIDE TEST

68. GO-NO-GO TEST

69. MULTIPLE LOOP TEST

70. ALTERNATE SEQUENCE TEST

71. WISCONSIN CARD TEST-USEFUL IN DYSEXECUTIVE SYNDROME,SCHIZOPHRENIA,NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

72. TOWER OF LONDON TEST-DETECT DEFECT IN PLANNING DUE TO FRONTAL LOBE DAMAGE

73. LOWA GAMBLING TASK-ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX DYSFUNCTION

75. ROOTING REFLEX

76. SUCKING REFLEX

77. TONIC NECK REFLEX

78. PALMAR GRASP REFLEX

79. PLANTAR REFLEX

80. GALANT REFLEX

81. SWIMMING REFLEX

84. PREFRONTAL EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION

86. REDUCED FRONTAL PERFUSION

87. MRI:SMALL CAUDATE NUCLEUS & FRONTAL LOBE

89. INCREASED BLOOD FLOW&METABOLISM IN FRONTAL LOBE

90. COMPULSIVE HOARDING:Compulsive hoarding or pathological hoarding or disposophobia is the excessive acquisition of possessions, even if the items are worthless, hazardous, or unsanitary.

93. RECENT RESEARCH SHOWS FOLLOWING FOUR CONNECTED FRONTOSTRIATAL REGIONS PLAY A ROLE IN ADHD-lateral prefrontal cortex ,Dorsal anterior cingulate,caudate,Putamen

94. DELAYED DEVELOPMENT OF FRONTAL CORTEX,TAMPORAL LOBE&FAST MATURITY OF MOTOR CORTEX SEEN

95. THIS CONTRIBUTES SLOW BEHAVIOURAL CONTROL &ADVANCED MOTOR DEVELOPMENT LEADS TO FIDGETINESS,THAT IS CHARACTERISTIC OF ADHD

97. DISORDERED THOUGHTS ARE PREVENTED TO REACH HYPOTHALAMUS& THALAMUS FROM FRONTAL LOBE

98. DISCONNECTING FRONTO-THALAMIC,FRONTO-HYPOTHALAMIC CONNECTIONS

99. DISTRESS REDUCED,BUT BLUNTING THE EMOTIONS,PERSONALITY

101. SEMENDEFERI et al FOUND FRONTAL CORTEX RELATIVELY LARGE THAN LESSER APES AND MONKEYS BUT NOT THAN GREAT APES

102. TULVING DISCOVERED LEFT FRONTAL LOBE IMPORTANT IN SEMANTIC MEMORY RETRIEVAL (fMRI )

105. A LARGE IRON ROD PASSED ON SIDE OF FACE,PASSING BACK OF LT EYE,CAME OUT AT TOP OF HEAD

106. AS PER RATIU et al IT DAMAGED LT FRONTAL LOBE

107. NEUROLOGIST ANTONIO DAMASIO USES GAGE TO ILLUSTRATE LINK BETWEEN FRONTAL LOBES AND EMOTION,PRACTICAL DECISION MAKING

108. BUT ANY THEORY ON BASIS OF GAGE FACED DIFFICULTY THAT THE NATURE,EXTEND,DURATION OF INJURY’S EFFECT ON HIS MENTAL STATE ARE VERY UNCERTAIN