Website Globalization And E Business United Kingdom

Globalization Partners International White Paper | 2014

Website Globalization and
E-Business United Kingdom
The Website Globalization and E-Business Series includes a series of brief reports on country-specific
website globalization and e-business topics. The series includes:
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China
Japan
Germany
US Hispanic Market
Brazil
India

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Russia
Argentina
France
United Kingdom
United Arab Emirates

This series of reports is meant to be a primer on e-Business as well as a collection of language, culture
and website globalization facts by country. These reports are by no means a complete coverage of
these topics. For more comprehensive or customized reports on country-specific Website Globalization
and E-Business topics, please email mspethman@globalizationpartners.com.
No material contained in this report may be reproduced in whole or in part without prior written
permission of Globalization Partners International. The information contained in this White Paper has
been obtained from sources we believe to be reliable, but neither its completeness nor accuracy can
be guaranteed.

The Website Globalization and E-Business paper
was researched and written by:
Martin Spethman
Managing Partner
Globalization Partners International
mspethman@globalizationpartners.com
Phone: 866-272-5874
Nitish Singh, PhD,
Author of “The Culturally Customized Website”,
“Localization Strategies for Global E-Business”,
and Assistant Professor of International Business,
Boeing Institute of International Business, John
Cook School of Business, Saint Louis University.
singhn2@slu.edu
Phone: 314-977-7604
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Globalization Partners International helps companies communicate and conduct business in any
language and in any locale by providing an array of globalization services including:
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Translation
Multilingual Desktop Publishing
Software Internationalization & Localization
Website Internationalization & Localization
Software and Website Testing
Interpretation (Telephonic, Consecutive, Simultaneous)
Globalization Consulting
SEO (Global Search Engine Marketing)

To learn more about Globalization Partners International, please visit us at blog.globalizationpartners.com.
Website Globalization and E-Business | United Kingdom

www.globalizationpartners.com

I.

Market Introduction and Stats

Stats/Source

Online Activities

UK Online
Population

• In Great Britain, 21 million
households (83%) had Internet
access in 2013.
• Access to the Internet using
a mobile phone more than
doubled between 2010 and
2013, from 24% to 53%.

eCommerce
Shopping Trends

Online Payment
Choices

Access

• 10% of total retail in the UK is
online sales
• Online retail is growing 6x
faster than store sales and
is estimated to exceed $57.9
billion by 2014
• The number of Brits making
online purchases is expected
to reach 32.5 million by 2014
(Verdict Research)
• 74% of adults in the UK have
broadband (fixed + mobile)
• Debit Card
• PayPal (PayPal processes
$10 million per day in mobile
transactions)
• Broadband Internet
connections using fibre optic
or cable were used by 42%
of households, up from 30%
in 2012.
• In 2013, 6 in 10 adults (61%) had
used a device such as mobile
phone or portable computer (a
tablet or laptop) to access the
mobile Internet

Main Product
Categories

• Travel
• Clothing
• Groceries
• Consumer Electronics

The British Online Consumer

Fast Facts

$2.38 Trillion (World Bank 2012)
1.9% (BBC, 2013)

Population

Approximately 63.23 Million, 2012

Internet Population

Approximately 51.4 Million, 83% of the population

Online Spending

Internet

GDP
Growth Rate

General Stats

Numbers

£87 Billion in 2013 (IMRG 2013)

LLThe United Kingdom has the 6th-largest national economy in the world and 3rd-largest in Europe
measured by nominal GDP. (Source: Wikipedia)
LLAccording to IMRG mobile commerce in UK grew by 254% between 2010 and 2011, and by a
further 300% between 2011 and 2012.
LL17% of UK shoppers have made a purchase in response to a location-based advertisement.
LLThe UK had the highest rate of online purchasing, with 82% of Internet users buying online.
LLOn average mobiles account for 31% of site traffic in the UK. (Source: Mobify)
LL69% of tablet owners make a purchase on their device every month. (Source: InMobi and Mobext)
LL 25% of UK consumers have made a purchase using their mobile. (Source: Econsultancy)
LLIn 2013, 36 million adults (73%) in Great Britain accessed the Internet every day.
LLThe online sector has seen significant growth, doubling its share of the market in the past five
years. By October 2013, it accounted for around 10% of all retail sales in Britain with an average
weekly spend of just over £650m. (Source: ONS)
LLThe IMRG Capgemini eRetail Sales Index showed that in December online sales soared by 17.5
percent on the same month a year before. Overall in 2012, £78bn was spent at online retailers,
around a fifth of all retail sales.

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II.

UK Culture and the Online Consumer
Cultural Values

UK Culture and Values

Individualism: Cultures like the UK that are high on
the Individualism Value tend to value individual goals
over group goals. Independence, individuality, and selfexpression are preferred values.
Power Distance: This is a belief in authority and
hierarchy (high power distance). Cultures that are
high on power distance accept power and hierarchy in

The UK shares some of the common symbols and traditions of other Western cultures yet still
maintains its own unique, rich culture. At a macro-level, the UK culture can be described using five
cultural values based on the work of Hofstede (1980). Professor Geert Hofstede conducted perhaps
the most comprehensive study of how values in the workplace are influenced by culture and is the
author of several books including Culture’s Consequences (2nd fully revised edition), and Cultures and
Organizations, Software of the Mind (2nd fully revised edition).

society and are low on egalitarianism. In such cultures,
less powerful citizens are accepting of unequal
power distribution in society. However, the UK is not
considered high on power distance.
Uncertainty Avoidance: The importance of
predictability, structure, and order (high uncertainty

Hofstede demonstrated that there are national and regional cultural groupings that affect the behavior
of societies and organizations that are very persistent across time. Hofstede’s research showed that
cultural values like Individualism-Collectivism, Power Distance, Masculinity-Femininity,
High-Low Context and Uncertainty Avoidance can be used to categorize various national cultures
(see sidebar for definitions of these terms).

avoidance) versus a willingness for risk-taking and an
acceptance of ambiguity and limited structure (low
uncertainty avoidance.) People from cultures high on
uncertainty avoidance tend to have low tolerance for

A country’s culture is made unique by which of these five values are incorporated into daily life and
they emphasis it puts on each. For example, the UK scores 89 for Individualism. This is high and
therefore points to that fact that British culture values and promotes individuality.

uncertainty and avoid ambiguous situations. They view
both conflict and competition as threatening and value

Insights Into UK Consumer Values:

security over adventure and risk.
Masculinity-Femininity: A belief in achievement
and ambition (masculine) versus a belief in nurturing

LLLoyalty: A recent study showed that 72% of British Internet users do not like to shop around the
web, but instead prefer to stick with 10 or less online stores they know. (www.receptional.com).

and caring for others (feminine). Masculine cultures
like the UK value achievement orientation, material
possessions and success.
High-Low Context: To communicate effectively across

LLPrivacy and Security: Based on a report from the Office of Fair Trading (OFT), almost 79% of
online British consumers are “very concerned” about online privacy and security. Almost 3.5 million
British shun online shopping due to lack of trust and security concerns.

cultures the correct level of context has to be found.
This context can be labeled as high or low, on a sliding
scale. High context societies have close connections

LLGender Differences: Women, aged 25 - 34 spend almost 20 percent more time online than their
male counterparts (Ofcom communication market report).

among group members. Everyone has a similar, intrinsic
knowledge-base. Low context cultures are societies
that are logical, linear, action-oriented, and the sharing

LLMobile Devices: According to MobileWeb Metrix British Mobile, web users account for almost
67% of the entire mobile web audience of the UK.

of the information is explicit and formalized. Most
communication takes place in a rational, verbal and
explicit way to convey concrete meanings through
rationality and language. The UK is a combination of

LLSocial Networking: Research shows that more than one third of British online consumers are
big on social networking and other social computing activities, like blogs, podcasting, etc. This
participation in social networking is double the European average (Forester research).

both, High and Low Context.

(Hofstede, Geert. Culture’s Consequences, Comparing Values,
Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications)

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LLMoney: Data shows that British consumers have money to spend. Almost one quarter of them have
a household income of about €50,000 ($100,000).



II.

UK Culture and the Online Consumer
UK Consumer Decision Making:
€€Familiarity: UK consumers do not shop around, but prefer to stick to 10 or less online stores
they know.
€€Payment: British consumers prefer to use credit and debit cards for online purchases. PayPal is
used less frequently. Other online payments like direct debit are not yet widely accepted. (ensor).
€€Security: UK consumers are very worried about online security and want to purchase from a site
that they feel has a good privacy policy and will keep their information secure.
€€Social Networking: Consumers are less likely to buy high-ticket items through social networking
sites. 65% say that they would only ever spend between £1 and £50 on a social networking site.

UK Consumer Segments:
Note: Market segmentation is an exercise in carefully identifying profitable and accessible consumer
segments based on socio-demographics, geographics, and psychographics. Segmentation is unique
to each company and product. (Some general insights on the UK consumer segments-based research.
Gong, Hie et Al., Fax and Xiao, McExen et al., Singh et al.).
””15 - 25 Age Group: This group is 25% more likely to be online than the general online British
population and spends 24% more time online than average users. (comscore).
””35 - 44 Age Group: This group represents the largest online segment within the UK with 23% of
the total online population.
””Silver Shoppers: This group is 55+ years of age and is overtaking the 35 - 44 age group for the
largest representation online. They are very interested in search engines. Adult and shopping
classifieds are some of the most popular categories for the silver shoppers.
””Slow Adaptors: A little more than half of British view the web as not making their life easier and
find it difficult to keep abreast with the fast changing online environment (Nielsen//NetRatings
MegaPanel UK Digital Consumer Survey).

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III. The English Language
Different Words – Same Meaning
(Adapted from Singh and Pereira)
American English

Queen’s English

Truck

Lorry

Eraser

Rubber

Chips

Crisps

Fries

Chips

Hood (car)

Bonnet

Trunk (Car)

Boot

Mudguard

Fender

Trash Can

Dust Bin

Cookie

Biscuit

Biscuit

Scone

Candy

Sweets

Baked Potato

Jacket Potato

Raincoat

Mac (Macintosh)

Glue

Gum

Same Words – Different Spelling
American English

Kerb

License (noun)

Licence

Maneuver

Manoeuvre

Neighbor

Neighbour

Organization

Organisation

Aging

Ageing

Pajamas

Pyjamas

Skeptical

Sceptical

Tire

Tyre

Gray

Grey

Draft

Draught

The English used in the UK, called either the
King’s or Queen’s English depending on the ruler
at the time, is different than the English used in
America. UK English and US English are set apart
in terms of vocabulary equivalence, conceptual
equivalence and idiomatic equivalence leading
to some confusion and sometimes innocent
linguistic blunders. For example, the word
“rubber” in the UK is thought to mean a device
used to erase pen or pencil marks, whereas in the
US it is associated with condoms.

Judgement

Curb

English is written using the Latin alphabet. There
are over 600,000 words in the Oxford English
Dictionary, and it is estimated that 25,000 new
words per year are added to the English Language
(Wikipedia.org).

Queen’s English

Judgment

English is a West Germanic language that originated in England and is spoken by more than a billion
people worldwide on at least a basic level. There are several different dialects of English including
the Queen’s English, American English, Cockney slang, Newfoundland English, Canadian English, and
American Vernacular English (Ebonics) and South African English (Wikipedia.org).

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Localization from US English to the Queen’s
English can involve software that is aware of the
differences in language and localizes accordingly.
To truly localize from US English to UK English, a
translator must be utilized in order to use specific
idiomatic and dialectical nuances that will appeal
to the British population.

Example: Yahoo! mail has been localized with
British specific phrases like “without spending a
bean” or “no need to fret” – phrases that might
not appeal to or work well with US audiences.



IV. Website Globalization
Whether you are trying to launch a multilingual website in order to expand the markets for your
products and services, or you are trying to increase your company’s global operational efficiencies by
developing multilingual extranets and intranets, Website Globalization is a requirement to make either
a reality. In order to enable your web presence to communicate, conduct and complete international
e-Business, you need to translate (globalize) your website.
Website translation is also known as “Website Globalization”. In order to truly “translate” a website
into other languages you may need both Internationalization (I18n) and Localization (L10n) services.

+
Internationalization (I18n) involves enabling the backend of a website to handle different
languages, character sets, currencies, submit form data, site search capabilities, etc… and involves
understanding what database and content management systems you are using to author, store and
publish your site’s content.
Localization (L10n) involves translating and localizing the front end of your website into different
languages ensuring all content (text and graphics) is translated in an accurate and culturally correct
manner.

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V.

UK Cultural Correctness
and Web Customization
Cultural Customization: Key Issues
The basis for cultural customization of websites is a theoretically-sound, empirically-validated
framework built on five unique cultural values that account for similarities and differences across
global cultures. Research indicates that attitude towards websites, the sites’ interactivity and
usability, as well as purchase intentions of users are enhanced when sites are congruent
with the target customers’ cultural predispositions (see “The Culturally Customized Website,”
Elsevier).
The cultural customization framework is drawn from established research and is based on five unique
values: Individualism-Collectivism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity-Femininity,
and Low-High Context (See page 3 of this report).
These five predominant cultural values can be represented in a country-to-country comparison using
the maps below:
Masculinity - Femininity vs. Uncertainty Avoidance

Power Distance vs. Individualism - CollecƟvism

Individualism - CollecƟvism Index

Uncertainty Avoidance Index

ÌÌUK

100

100

ÌÌUK

50

Masculinity - Femininity Index

0
0
Arab World
Canada
Czech Republic
El Salvador
Guatemala
Iran
Japan
o r ay
oland
South Korea
hailand
n ited States

50
ArgenƟna
Chile
Czech Republic
Finland
Hong Kong
Ireland
Malaysia
akistan
ortugal
Spain
urkey
rugua y

Australia
China
Denmark
France
Hungary
Israel
Me ico
anama
Russia
S eden
S Hispanic Market
enezuela

100
Austria
Colombia
East Africa
Germany
India
Italy
eth erlands
eru
Singapore
S itzerland
n ited Arab Emirates
West Africa

Brazil
Costa Rica
Ecuador
Greece
Indonesia
Jamaica
e
ealand
hilippines
South Africa
ai an
n ited Kingdom

50

Power Distance Index

0
0
Arab World
Brazil
Colombia
El Salvador
Hungary
Iran
Malaysia
akistan
ortugal
Spain
S Hispanic Market
enezuela

50
ArgenƟna
Canada
Costa Rica
Finland
Hong Kong
Israel
Me ico
anama
Russia
S eden
n ited Arab Emirates
West Africa

Australia
Chile
Czech Republic
France
India
Italy
eth erlands
eru
Singapore
S itzerland
n ited Kingdom

100
Austria
China
Denmark
Germany
Indonesia
Jamaica
e
ealand
hilippines
South Africa
ai an
n ited States

Belgium
Colombia
East Africa
Guatemala
Ireland
Japan
o r ay
oland
South Korea
urkey
rugua y

Cultural Maps for UK
Cultural Maps adapted from: “The Culturally Customized Website: Customizing Websites for the Global Marketplace” by Nitish Singh and Arun Pereira (2005), and Hofstede, Geert.
“Culture’s Consequences, Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations” Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications)

7 of 14



V.


The Cultural Customization Scorecard
Once we have identified the country’s predominant cultural values using the cultural maps the next step in customizing a website is to evaluate it on the
relevant cultural values. This can be done in the form of The Cultural Customization Score Card. The score card is produced by analyzing the site on the
features that conform to the cultural values of interest.
The cultural values of interest for the UK are Individualism, Masculinity, and a balance of High and Low Context. (For a detailed cultural analysis of your
website, please contact mspethman@globalizationpartners.com)

The Cultural Customization Scorecard™ - China
Values

Individualism

Collectivism

Uncertainty
Avoidance

Power
Distance

Masculinity

Low
Context

High
Context

Cultural
Scores

Grading Scale:
> 90%

Excellent Customization on Cultural Value

70-89%

Good Customization on Cultural Value

< 70%

Poor Customization on Cultural Value

Cultural Customization (Examples)
ÂÂIndividualism: Research suggests that there are web-specific features, like personalization, that can make a site more appealing to individualistic
cultures. Some examples of websites customized for the UK are:

• At advancedmp3players.co.uk they have
a section entitled MP3 matchmaker, in
which the consumer can put in a mixture of
features and get an individualized selection
of MP3 players.

• Privacy is an important factor to the
UK online customer. Therefore, clearly
emphasizing the privacy policy on a
website may be a very good strategy.

• In both British advertising and web
communication, there’s a certain common
theme: independence, respect for privacy,
and emphasis on uniqueness. Virgin
Mobile, for example, emphasizes this
uniqueness with a service called “Crave”
and the slogan - “Everyone Wants It.
You’ve Got It”.

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V.


ÂÂMasculinity: The UK is a culture that leans
towards masculinity. Emphasizing themes,
values and graphics that relate to this aspect,
is an important component of a website for
the UK. Emphasizing achievement, success,
product durability and effectiveness, and
adventure in the web content are ways to
depict masculinity for the British audience.
For example, the UK site of Virgin Mobile
emphasizes achievement by prominantly
displaying their customer service award
and emphasizing that they are “The only UK
operator to have won best customer service award seven years running”.

ÂÂHigh-Low Context: The UK is unique as it
is neither high or low context, but instead a
mixture of both; therefore, companies need to
balance imagery, aesthetic and colors with a
clear well-organized layout suitable for British
users. Some examples include:
• The UK Virgin Mobile website exhibits
low context features like a clear, to the
point communication style and a direct,
persuasive theme. These include providing
consumers reasons for choosing them or
information on how they will best take care
of the customer.
TESCO’s site is full of colorful boxes, and
its layout is very linear and organized.

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V.


Website Customization Considerations
Symbols and Icons
The United Kingdom, also known as Great Britain, was established through the merging of four constituent countries, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland
and Wales, each with their own unique culture. However, as time passed, many of the symbols and icons from the individual countries fused together to
create a unique UK culture.
For example:
LL13 is considered a very unlucky number.
LLFriday is considered an unlucky day, especially
Friday the 13th.
LLBlack cats are considered lucky.
LLIt is considered good luck to touch a piece of
wood. It is not uncommon to hear one yell, “Touch Wood!” to prevent a change in luck.
LLAnimals: Peacock feathers are considered unlucky, possibly because the eye-shape on the feather
can be considered the evil-eye. A sparrow entering a house is considered a death omen.
LLRed poppies are worn on Remembrance Day in memory of service personnel who lost their lives in
the First and Second World Wars and subsequent conflicts.
LLBritish Monarchy: People in general are proud of the monarchy and like to celebrate this ancient
institution.

Colors
Certain colors carry specific meaning and symbolize aspects of the British culture.
€€Red: Considered to be the most masculine of colors signifying authority, government, power and visibility.
€€Black: Considered to be the color of death. It is also a very formal color – such as “black-tie” events.

Spatial Orientation:
Spatial orientation refers to how web content is
structured. According to Wendy Barber and Albert
Badre, authors of “Culturability: The Merging of
Culture and Usability” (1998), spatial orientation
has a direct effect on website usability, because
it affects visual perception. Manipulating the
orientation can change the user’s comfort level.
What is user-friendly for one country may be
vastly different for another.
Orange balances imagery with a neat, clean layout and a
logical orientation.

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V.


Text Length:
When translating a document or website, it is important to take into account how the length of the text will change after translation. There are a variety of
reasons why text expansion occurs. Equivalent phrases in a target language may have more characters or words than in English, and some cultures prefer
using a more formal style than other cultures, avoiding abbreviations, for example. Additionally, for both documents and websites both line and page breaks
may be different in the localized version than in the English version. Finally, the layout of the document or website itself may change depending on the
direction of the text. For example, Arabic is a bi-directional language and is read right-to-left, which will not only switch the layout of the text, but also the
graphics, the tool bars, the navigation bars, and the binding of the book, etc... Similarly, some languages like Chinese and Japanese can be displayed either
in left-to-right character rows or vertical character columns, and the choice influences how document elements such as graphics, figures, tables, call outs,
etc. are arranged in the final document or webpage.
There can either be text expansion or contraction when a document or website is translated from English into a target language. With document
localization, there are several steps that can be taken to help preserve the integrity of the look and feel “layout” of the document. These include:
LLUsing a larger font in the original language, if it is expected the language will expand during translation. This will help to develop a better feel for the
final size of the document and how the document elements will be laid out relative to the text. If the text is expected to shrink, use a slightly smaller font
for the same reasons.
LLTables and graphics may need to be resized or changed. Some, like the vertical Chinese or Japanese layout, will require more finessing than others.

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VI. Internet and Search Engine Marketing

in the UK
The key to promoting a website internationally is to create localized content and keywords, register
local domains and then promote through local search engines, online and offline branding and
promotions, and affiliate marketing.

It is recommended that firms plan on and conduct some
form of global search engine marketing (SEM) in order
to drive traffic to their new language sites.
This may include global search engine optimization of
your localized web content, submission of pages to
key country (locale) search engines, and a pay-per-click
marketing campaigns through services like Google
Adwords or Overture.
For more information on Global SEM Services, see
www.globalizationpartners.com/SEM.

The Importance of.uk Sites
If a company chooses to have a.uk site in addition to
its.com site it is important to not only make the UK
English site, different in terms of dialect use, but also
localize to have original content specific to the UK
audience. This is not just a good localization policy to
address each locale uniquely, but is also necessary to
avoid penalties from search engines like Google. This
is because Google tries to identify and penalize sites
that are carbon copies of one another (Sean Carlos:
www.antezeta.com/search-engines-site-localizationduplicate-content.html).

UK SEO Considerations
ÌÌYour keywords for SEO need to be
adapted for the corresponding locale,
in this case, the UK. This ensures that
your website employs keywords most
frequently used by UK consumers.
ÌÌ Content and metadata translation/copy
writing/research needs to be performed
by in-country (UK) translators. This is
essential to ensure that original content is
adapted to your targeted UK consumers.
ÌÌStrong website quality assurance (QA),
performed by UK, in-country translators,
will ensure that your website works
properly for targeted UK consumers. The
QA process will detect and eliminate
broken links, missing information,
and uncover any other cultural issues
diminish your website experience for UK
consumers.

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According to an independent survey completed by Nominet, UK web addresses are the gateway to the
Internet for the majority of British searching for information and purchasing online. In the UK, Nominet
is the national registry for registering ccTLD ending in.uk and they manage over 6 million domain
names. This makes the.uk domain almost the 4th largest registry in the world after .com, .org and .de
(website-law.co.uk).
These are several syntax rules that need to be taken into account when registering a .uk domain with
Nominet (adapted from Baker and McKenzie, 2001):
LLTwo letter names are not allowed, expect ISO country codes
LLTwo character names are allowed, i.e. 3x.co.uk, but not aa.co.uk
LLAll second level names of.uk are banned from being third level names, i.e. nhs.co.uk
LLAll top level names are banned from being third level names, i.e. net.org.uk
LLAll one character domain names, such as [a-z0-9].xxx.uk are reserved for possible future subdomain usage

Top Search Engines in UK
€€Google (90.47%)
€€Bing (4.94%)
€€Yahoo (3.05%)
€€Ask Jeeves (0.44%)
Source: statcounter.com

References available upon request.



VII. Social Media and Digital Marketing

for UK
With the growth of global communications and marketing you need to adapt your social media
communication to different cultural audiences and locales.
Since social media is influencing all online communications, it is no longer enough just to localize
your content. In today’s dynamic, social networking charged environment, you need to adapt your
communication to match your target audience in UK to make sure that your message and intent is
successfully communicated.
It is recommended that firms plan on and conduct some
form of global social media localization in order to drive
traffic to their websites and social media profiles.
This may include global social media localization
of your content, social media optimization for local
networks, and advertising campaigns through services
like Facebook Advertising.
For more information on Global Social Media Services,
see www.globalizationpartners.com/SocialMedia

Key Insights from the Digital Landscape for UK:
LLFacebook remains the leading social network in the UK, capturing the greatest number of unique
visitors. However, there are some rising stars on the horizon - Tumblr, Instagram, Pinterest and
Goodreads – that have all witnessed strong growth over the year across both PC and mobile.
(Source: ComScore)
LL64% of UK mobile users owned a smartphone, while 82% of new phones acquired in December
2012 were smartphones. The rapid adoption of internet-enabled devices is creating a more
fragmented digital media landscape. (Source: ComScore MobiLens)
LLThe UK online video audience grew 8 percent in the past year, whilst mobile video audience grew
262 percent. (Source: ComScore)

Top Social Media Networks in UK
€€Facebook (60%)
€€Twitter (19.27%)
€€StumbleUpon (6.91%)
€€Reddit (4.02%)
€€Pinterest (3.95%)
Source: statcounter.com

References available upon request.

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Resources
Search Engines
ßßYahoo UK
www.uk.yahoo.com

ßßEuroFind: European Business Directory
www.eurofind.biz

ßßUK Nation
www.uknation.co.uk

ßßLycosUK
www.lycos.co.uk

ßßAbacho
www.abacho.co.uk

ßßLifestyle.co.uk
www.lifestyle.co.uk

ßßDogpile UK
www.dogpile.co.uk

ßßooBdoo
www.oobdoo.co.uk

ßßSplut: Directory of UK Wesbites
www.splut.com

ßßEzilon.com
www.ezilon.com

ßßMojeek Beta
www.mojeek.co.uk

ßßBusiness Link
www.businesslink.gov.uk

ßßwww.iabeurope.eu

ßßwww.i-uk.com

ßßwww.bbc.co.uk/news

ßßwww.nielsen-netratings.com

ßßwww.bis.gov.uk

ßßwww.export.gov

ßßthestage.co.uk

ßßwww.bbc.co.uk

ßßglobaledge.msu.edu

ßßhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworld-factbook/geos/uk.html

ßßwww.gov.uk

ßßwww.buyusa.gov

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