Haiti has experienced significant deforestation over the past century, dropping from 60% forest cover in 1923 to just 2% today. This is largely due to Haiti's dependence on charcoal as its primary energy source. Deforestation has led to issues like topsoil erosion, flooding, and environmental degradation. Haiti also struggles with inadequate infrastructure, waste and water management issues following natural disasters like the 2010 earthquake that devastated Port-au-Prince. The document outlines 10-year strategic plans to address Haiti's environmental, energy, and infrastructure problems through reforestation initiatives, investments in renewable resources like biofuels, and improvements to water, sanitation, and transportation infrastructure.

1. Haiti

2. The History
• Haiti was discovered by Columbus in
1492
– Natives killed off in 25 years
• Seceded to France, became center for
slave trade
• First black republic to declare
independence in 1804
• Constitution: First approved 1987

3. Haiti’s Environmental, Energy & Infrastructure
Issues

4. Geography of Haiti
• Area: 27,750 sq. km.
• Capital: Port-au-Prince
• Terrain: Rugged mountains with small coastal plains and
river valleys, and a large east-central elevated plateau.
• Climate: Warm, semiarid, high humidity in many coastal
areas.
• Natural resources: Bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate,
gold, marble.

5. The Issues
Deforestation, Energy, Waste/Water, Infrastructure

6. The Bottom Line: Deforestation
“In 1923 forests covered nearly 60
percent of the country; today they cover
less than 2 percent.” –Global Security

7. The Bottom Line: Deforestation

8. The Cause & Effects of Deforestation
• Cause: Dependence on charcoal
• Charcoal- 75%
• Hydroelectricity- 5%
• Petroleum products- 20%
Topsoil Flooding &
Deforestation
erosion
degradation
Desperately need alternative energy!!

9. Infrastructure

10. Infrastructure after the Earthquake
“There are no patterns of traffic, no recognizable right of
ways, no sense of order to the mass chaos in and around
the capital Port au Prince — the epicenter of the massive
quake.” –World Focus

11. Waste & Water

12. 10-Year Strategic Plan
Let heaven and earth praise him, the seas and all that
move in them, for God will save Zion and rebuild the
cities of Judah. Then people will settle there and possess
it; the children of his servants will inherit it, and those
who love his name will dwell there.
-Psalm 69:34-36

13. Comprehensive Diagram
Haiti 10-yr Strategic
Growth Plan
Phase I (1-2)
Phase II (3-6)
Phase III (7-10)
-allocate-
A
Identify problems/
I
Plans/Programs
M
Sustainability
issues
-implement-
Develop plans
Regional
Local
Resources
Population
Environment
Energy
Infrastructure
-manage-

14. Environment

15. Reforestation Environment
• Reforestation Program- To protect and sustain forest life in Haiti
• Short term (3-6 years): Increase forested areas by 30%
• Long term (7-10 years): Increase forested areas by 70%
Planting Species
• Short Term - planting fast growing species
• “Bayahonda”
• Grows anywhere and can be harvested in 3 years
• Long Term - regenerate species
• "Bamboo“
• Re-grows spontaneously after it is cut
• Restore soil & agriculture industry
• export oil, cocoa, coffee and mangoes

16. Water Environment
Water filtration for surface water flow
Bioswales
Retention ponds

17. Energy

18. Bio-fuel Energy
• 10-Yr Goal: Shift energy dependency from wood fuel to bio
fuel
• Biofuel- Jatropha Curcas
– Renewable & burns cleaner
– 1 ton seeds  600 L bio-diesel
– Sells in US average $3.20/gallon
• Requires education, technology, & time
– Ex. Brazil’s ethanol- 20 years
– Educate Haitians in 10 years
• Why in Haiti?
• Optimal weather conditions
• Self sustaining energy
• Economic benefits
– Provide jobs and income
– Useful in producing other consumer products

19. Alternative Energy
Renewable Energy Program
LPG is the short-term plan
for source of energy/ fuel:
• LPG ( Liquefied Petroleum
Gas)
• Low-carbon, low-polluting fossil fuel
• Widely available
• Used for many commercial and
domestic applications
• Used alongside renewable
technologies
• Alternative energy
substitute for wood fuel

20. Alternative Energy
• Minimize damage on the forest
• More efficient energy than charcoal
• 1 ton of LPG is equivalent of 4.7 tons of
charcoal
• Environment friendly

21. Wind Energy

22. Infrastructure

23. Water Infrastructure
Clean Water
Rain water harvesting
system
• Collect rainwater in:
1. Individual home
2. Community
3. Regional System
Find locations for possible well
drilling
Ultimate goal is to move water
away from city

24. Infrastructure and telecommunication Environment
Infrastructure Program: Community protection, growth, and sustainability
• Short term (3-6 years):
• Buildings codes & organized city layout
• Closed sewage system for water & waste control
• Aim for eco-friendly, pedestrian-friendly city
• Bike-dependant community
• Long term (7-10 years):
• Connect nation- highways & public transportation
• Implement landfills, recycling and composting
Telecommunication program:
• Short term (3-6 years): Operate radio network
• Long term (7-10 years); Implement landline system

25. Agriculture & industry
in
haiti

26. Introduction
 Plantations were very successful early on
 Shift to small scale subsistence farming
led to significant decrease in export
crops
 Currently, agriculture is the main source
of income for 67% of Haitians
 Makes up 28% of national GDP
 Potential is not being maximized

27. Current Situation
 No investment
 Low level agricultural technology and
practices
 Mass subsistence farming
 Fragmented land (no coordination)
 Cash crops are not focused on

28. Current Income
 Half of population makes $60 a year
 Legal minimum wage is 70 Gourdes
($1.70 US)
 Currently, many Haitians are receiving 17
Gourdes (41 cents) maximum wage
 More than half the Haitians live with less
than a dollar a day

29. Future Goal
 Commercialize agriculture
 Defragment landholdings
 Allot more land for cash crops
 Invest in modern agricultural technology
 Integrate modern practices
 Establish minimum wage and benefits

31. Coffee
 The growing season for coffee lasts four
months
 Constitutes a large portion of national
agriculture
 Provides at minimum 400,000 jobs
 10% expected annual growth
 Eliminate middle-seller and directly
export to increase grower’s profit

32. Mangoes
 Exports only 20% of its potential output
 High demands in local and foreign
market
 Growing and harvesting season lasts
approximately ten months
 Brings in more than $10 million revenue
 Over 500,000 small and medium-scale
farmers and enterprises involved

33. cacao
 Two growing seasons per year (Harvested
from April to May and November to
December)
 20% annual growth
 4-5 year period before trees bear fruit
 Life of cacao tree is about 30 years

34. Projected export of food based on 10% the
income (monthly) growth
2010
2011
2020
food item
Wage
Wage
Wage
Produced Amount
Produced Amount
Produced Amount
Coffee
210 Gourdes / 231 Gourdes / 420 Gourdes / month
(Four month
month
months)
28,000 tons
30,800 tons
56,000 tons
Mangoes
360 Gourdes / 396 Gourdes / 720 Gourdes / month
(Ten month
month
months)
2,250 tons
2,475 tons
4,500 tons
Cacao
330 Gourdes / 363 Gourdes / 660 Gourdes / month
(Two month
month
seasons)
5,000 tons
6,000 tons
10,000 tons

35. Rice
 2009-2010, the price of imported rice per
pound was $0.70 USD, locally produced rice
was $1.17 USD
 20% of the population is engaged in rice
production
 However the agriculture of rice in Haiti has
suffered due to inflow of cheap US rice as a
part of foreign aid
 Small tariff on rice imports to help Haitian rice
farmers to compete with US rice farmers

36. Sugar
 Production cost of Haitian sugar is three
times more than the world price
 Currently there is little sugar production
 Currently Haiti is searching for alternative
crops to sugar such as soybeans

37. Production & Import Comparison /
projection chart
2010
2011
2020
Food item
Produce
Import
Produce
Import
Produce
Import
66.137 379.189 85.977 266.059 132.274 186.559
Rice
tons
tons
tons
tons
tons
tons
246, 051 25,000 196,760 250,000 87,294
Sugar
-
tons
tons
tons
tons
tons

38. Alternative source (JatrophaCurcas)
 Non edibel oil crop, used to produce bio-
diesel
 Can be used to make paper, soap,
cosmetics, toothpaste, and even cough
medicine
 Grows best in sell drained soils, 600mm
rainfall per year
 Can withstand long periods of drought

39. Alternative source cont.,
 1 ton seeds produces 600 liters bio-
diesel
 30kg can be harvested per person
 Processing 24 hours
 1 year – 4.5 tons
 1 gallon = $3.20 USD = 127.20 Gourdes
 600 liters = 158.5 gallons (bio-diesel)
 1 ton = 907 kg
 30kg = 5.28 gallons bio-diesel
 = 671.62 Gourdes

40. Alternative source projection (20%)
2013
2014
2023
Wage (30kg /bag)
Wage (30kg /bag)
Wage (30kg /bag)
produced
produced
produced
Total profit
Total profit
Total profit
671.62 Gourdes
805.94 Gourdes
2,014.86 Gourdes
JatrophaCur 4.5 tons
5.4 tons
13.5 tons
cas
(713.25 gallons)
(855.90 gallons)
(2,139.75 gallons)
90,725.94 Gourdes
130,644.71 Gourdes
816,533.46 Gourdes
($28,351.86 USD)
($40,826.47 USD)
($255,166.71 USD)

41. Industry

42. Some facts
 The industry sector makes up 20% of the
nations GDP
 Potential has been stagnated due to
strong lack of investment
 Relies heavily on imports for many
manufactured goods, machinery, and
other industrial products

43. Major objectives
 Strengthenthe industrial sector through
financial investments
 Subsidies for leading enterprises with
significant contributions to the economy
 Subsidies for struggling enterprises in key
industries
 Micro-loans for small businesses

44. Short-term goals
 Restructure production processes to
maximize efficiency and increase output
 Introduce more advanced machinery
 Worker training
 Develop competent and honest leaders
 Push for non taxed exports
 Provide basic business and management
advice along with start up loans for small
businesses

45. Long-term Goals
 Establish minimum wages
 Establish worker benefits in proportion to
the profitability of the business
 Attract private investors and
entrepreneurs to create businesses in
weak industries

46. Major Industries
 Textilesand apparel
 Food processing
 Sugar refining, flour milling
 Beverages
 Tobacco products

47. Textiles and Apparel
 Apparel sector accounts for 2/3 of
Haitian exports and 1/10 of GDP
 Tariff free trade with the US market for
textile exports provided for by HOPE
(Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity
through Partnership Encouragement ) Act
until 2018

48. Food Processing
 The lack of sugar refineries has severely
limited sugarcane farming which was
once very successful in Haiti
 Haiti’s only major flour mill was damaged
during earthquake

49. General facts before the
earthquake

50. Health Facts
• 80% below poverty line
• Less than 50% has access to clean
drinking water
• Deficient sanitation systems
• Poor nutrition
• Life expectancy: 44 years
• WHO (World Health Organizations)
estimates that 43 percent of the target
population receives the recommended
immunizations
• In terms of health care spending, Haiti
was last in the Western Hemisphere.
– $83 annually on health care.
• There are 25 physicians and 11 nurses
per 100,000 population.
• Only one-fourth of births are attended
by a skilled health professional.

51. This isn’t Haiti’s first major
natural disaster…
• 10 recorded hurricanes
since 1935
• 1 other recorded
earthquake in 1946 with
an 8.1 magnitude (the
2010 earthquake had 7.0
magnitude)
– Killed an estimate of
15,000 people all
throughout history.
– This also has spiritual
implications…
• God has been putting Haiti
through so much. Not only
America but also Haiti

52. General facts after the
earthquake

53. Health Facts
• 80% below the poverty line
• 3 million people affected.
• Buildings and infrastructure in Port-Au-Prince are extensively
damaged and basic water and electricity is not nonexistent.
– Health issues of immediate concern include search and rescue of trapped
survivors; treatment of injuries such as lacerations, broken and fractured
bones, burns, and crush injuries; respiratory problems due to inhalation of
dust and building materials; treatment for and prevention of infection;
distribution of clean water and food; proper sanitation; care and feeding of
infants and young children; and management of a growing number of
deceased. As of this writing, The Red Cross estimates is estimating that 45,000
- 50,000 have died in the earthquake.
– So far, 160 medical sites (both fixed and mobile) set up around Haiti.
– Rape increased
– Only 40% of the population have received emergency medical materials.
– “On a good day in Haiti," Williams said, "there's not enough food to go around,
there's not enough potable water, there are not enough sanitation facilities, the
hospitals are marginally staffed, they're poorly equipped, and they don't have
enough medications." Medpage Today

54. Current Issues

55. Diseases
• AIDS.
– Haiti has the highest infection rate for the
virus that causes AIDS in the Western
Hemisphere.
– 1 in 50 people are infected with HIV AIDS.
• Malaria
• Typhoid
• Hepatitis
• Respiratory Infections

56. Other issues
• Lack of medical care (only $83 annually from the government)
especially where MOM is located.
• Transporting individuals to shelters for treatment due to road
damage.
• No Haitian doctors that will make healthcare in Haiti self-
sustaining.
• Hospitals, schools, and other important are either destroyed or
damaged.
• Rape in the community
– Sex-for-food is not uncommon in the camps, said a report issued
Tuesday by the Interuniversity Institute for Research and Development
in Haiti. "In particular, young girls have to negotiate sexually in order
to get shelter from the rains and access to food aid."

57. ”For I know the plans I have for you," declares the LORD, plans to prosper you and not
to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.” Jeremiah 29:11
10 year plan

58. Goals and Objectives
– To establish and repair
health care facilities,
equipped with medication
and equipment, ready to
be used by long-term or
Haitian permanent
doctors, and to make
Haiti a healthy, self-
sustaining country in
order to treat not only
agricultural health related
issues but also for the
general need of health
and sanitation in the
desired area for the sake
of demonstrating the
grace of God.

59. Phase 1 (Preparation for
Immediate Relief) Years 1-3
– Clean up trash around the area in
which the tents/health center/
agriculture fields are going to be
• Missionary workers
• Salvation Army
– Locations:
» Chantal in the region of Sud
» Les Anglais in the region of
Sud.
» Fonds- Verrettes in the
region of Sud-Ouest. Les
Anglais in the region of
Sud-Ouest.
» Ouanaminthe in the region
of Nord-Est.
– Begin to bring in and set up tents
• ***These shelters must have a
plumbing system***
– Begin to bring in medication

60. Phase 2 (Transitioning from
immediate relief preparation to
long-term preparation) Years 3-5
– Start constructing health
centers/ start
reconstructing damaged
hospitals
• Martissant health centre
• Solidarite maternity hospital
• Doctors Without Borders
Trinité trauma center
hospital
– Missionary volunteers
– Salvation Army
– Most tents around the
immediate area should be
set up and ready to go.
• Plumbing is crucial and thus
must also be completed.

61. Phase 3 (Beginning of Immediate
Treatment and Continuing to
Prepare for Long term) Year 5-7
– Begin treatment in the tents
either using the long-term
doctors or Haitian doctors
(meaning that the first Haitian
doctors, nurses, RNs, and TBAs
should be educated and have the
appropriate credentials)
• All Haitian medical staff must be
permanent.
– Continue to bring in medication
(they will run out and eventually
need more)
– Continue to build health center/
rebuild health centers.
• For rebuilding health centers, by
now the outer structure must be
constructed and the electricity,
plumbing, air conditioning, etc will
be in progress during this phase.
– Summary: Tents must now be
ready for treatment of patients.
Medications are still coming in and
replenishing tents that have already
used them on patients.

62. Phase 4 (Completion of Long-
term, Self-sustaining) Years 7-10
– Health center completed and
ready to treat patients.( Haiti
must now be self-sustaining in
producing doctors, nurses,
midwives, RNs, and TBAs.)
– Continue to bring in medication
(they will run out and eventually
need more)(in this way the health
center must be self-sustaining in
itself)
– Summary: The tents and the health
center must now be complete and
ready to that patients.
Reconstruction of hospitals can still
be on going. The end of the plan is
only determined if Haiti is now
self-sustaining and further
planning is unnecessary.

63. Obstacles

64. Sources of Medication
–
Different
organizations MOM
will be able to
supply
medication to
MOM.
Medical
QuakeKare
Global Giving
Teams
international

65. Bringing in Medication
Ability to bring
Utilizing Utilizing in medication
from desired
seaports
airports
locations (U.S
Cuba)

66. Bringing in Medication
Air
– 14 airports
– Port-Au-Prince
airport is the only
international
airport in Haiti.
– 4 airports of paved
runways
– 10 airports of
unpaved runways

67. Bringing in Medication
Ports
11 ports
Medication Medication
all around
from Cuba
from U.S
Haiti
• Sea
– Port of Cap Haitian
– Port of Corail
– Port of Gonaives
– Port of Jacmel
– Port of Jeremie
– Port of Les Cayes
– Port of Mirogoane
– Port of Petite Goave
– Port of Port de Paix
– Port of Port-au-Prince
– Port of Saint Marc

68. 10 YEAR MEDICAL PLAN FOR HAITI

69. PRINCIPLES
- Accessibility
-
Comprehensiveness
- Universality
- Need based
- Reducing wait
times and improving
“…the need to
access
transition to recovery
- Transparent
and to building a long-
progress to citizens
term, very sustainable
infrastructure for health
and health care in
Haiti…”
-Dr. Nicole
Lurie

70. - 185 Hospitals
- 150 sq km per hospital
- 2 doctors per 10,000 people
- 1.8 nurses per 10,000 people
- Less than 300 doctors graduate from
Haitian Med schools

72. District of Port-au- District of Nord:
District of Nord- District of
Prince :
- Justinian Ouest:
Sud:
- Martissant Health Hospital in Cape- -Immaculate - Les Cayes
Facility
Haitien
Conception Hospital General
- Solidarite Hospital
of Port-de-Paix
Hospital

73. -60% of medical facilities
damaged or destroyed
- Influx out of Port-au-Prince to
other health centers
- Towns suchs as Gonaives,
Port-de-Paix, Cap Haitien lack
earthquake related needs

74. YEAR ONE
- Help from 33 Medical
Organizations
-Necessary Materials to
Hospitals (Donations and
organizations)
- Link hospitals with PIH,
AmeriCares, GHESKIO, MSF,
etc
- More Beds: Goal: at least
250 beds per hospital
- Begin Infrastructure
- 3,500 Haitians have access
to Antiretroviral drugs.
- National goal: 25,000 to
30,000 by 2020

75. -Support of 25 health organizations
Year 3
Exit: Klinik Fanm, UNOPS, SOE, Institut PANOS,
Medecins du Monde, HIMNET, CECI, Caritas
- All hospitals to provide antiretroviral treatment - 7,800 Haitians have
(ART) --- Support: GHESKIO, Global Fund to access to ART
Fight AIDS, FHI
- Propose Territorial
- Case study: Health Access Fund to
Immaculate Conception Hospital in Cayes
government ($150
million over 10 years)
- Propose Law to keep
Med school graduates
in Haiti
- HIV/AIDS center in all
Hospitals
- Rebuilding Martissant
Health Facility and
Solidarite Hospital

76. - Support of 15 Health Organizations
Year 5
Exit: Carrefour Haiti, ADRA, City Med/
M.A.R.C.H., H.E.L.P. Inc., PROFAMIL, OPS/OMS,
Zanmi La Sante, Etc.
- 12,100 Haitians
-Start Emergency Medical Center in Hospitals
have access to ART
- Build radiology section in Martissant Health
- Port-de-Paix
Hospital to adopt Facility and Solidarite Hospital
Red Cross blood
bank (only one in
the area)
- Hospital-University
Partnerships
Case study:
Justinian Hospital
- United Nations
Development
Program to improve
roads for
ambulances

77. Year 7
- Increase obstetrical operations in
-Support of 5 Health
hospitals so that 95% of births are
Organizations
attended by skilled health
Exit: INHSAC, Institut
professionals (now 25%)
Cardinal Leger, AOPS, Red
Cross, IPPF, WHR, etc.
- 16,400 Haitians have access
to ART
- Continue rebuilding
Martissant Health Facility and
Solidarite Hospital
- Les Cayes General Hospital to
adopt Cuban field hospital
- 250 beds at least in all
hospitals
- Telemedicine support in
hospitals

78. Year 10
- Completely Independent Health system
Exit: MSF, Red Cross, GHESKIO, Pan American
Health Organization, etc.
- 25,000-30,000 Haitians with access to ART
- Complete rebuilding Martissant Health Facility and
Solidarite Hospital
- 400 beds in each hospital
- 100% of pregnancies attended by skilled professionals
- Pass Territorial Health Access Fund to government
($150 million over 10 years)
- Emergency center in all hospitals
- 1: 250 doctor to patient ratio
- 1: 20 nurse to patient ratio

79. HEALTH EDUCATION:!
Proactive Prevention + Protection

80. Common Problems Education Must
Address
– Infant Mortality, Malnutrition, Anemia and
Parasites, Childbirth Complications, Cervical
Cancer, STDs

81. Absence of Health Education
System
• The gov’t FAILS to provide public health
education. The ABSENCE of a healthcare system
and education on proactive PREVENTION +
PROTECTION results in:
•
– >40% of the population has no access to health care
– >70% of the population has no access to medication
– <50% of children are vaccinated.
– Lack clean water + adequate sanitization
– Cities rampant with violence and grime
– Haitians are some of the most malnourished people in the world

82. Health Education  Haiti’s
Recovery:
• Proper EDUCATION of nutrition, basic hygiene,
available resources greatly PREVENTS:
– Malnutrition
– Childbirth complications
– Anemia + Parasites
– STDs
…education of the
next generation will help us
–
create a
healthy
Haiti

83. 4 Areas of Education
• HYGIENE - Nutrition - Disease Control - Rape +
PREGNANCY

84. Hygiene
• Washing hands
• Anti-bacterial/Soap: Hand sanitizer
• Covering up/protecting wounds
•

85. Nutrition/ Dietary Concerns
• WATER (teach them to boil it!)
– Lack of clean water and sanitation is a major root
cause of diseases/ dietary complications
• Danger of INEDIBLE FOOD CONSUMPTION
• WHAT foods /alternatives are available + WHERE

87. Disease Control
• CONTAGIOUSNESS of viruses/bacteria
• Hygienic TECHNIQUES such as covering coughs/
sneezes
• PROTECTION against STDs

88. Rape/Pregnancy
• Rape VICTIMS:
– Educate on imp. of physical
EXAMINATION, for:
• bruises and cuts, tears and
bleeding, collection of fluid for
investigation purpose and for
sexually transmitted diseases
(STDs)
– Emotional COUNSELING:
• Victims need to be counseled
and given comforts,
while obtaining the story of the
circumstances where she was in.
•
– "Morning-after pills”
•

89. Rape/Pregnancy
• Pregnancy EDUCATION:
– Nutrition during pregnancy
– Importance of psychological
stability to baby during
pregnancy
– How to safely give birth/
recover (6-8 weeks recovery)
– Proper care for newborn
infants
• HOW TO improve the maternal/
pregnancy health outcome

90. Rape/Pregnancy
• Proper Midwife Training:
– The high maternal and infant mortality
rate impacts socioeconomic status/
ability to improve
• Requirements
– MIDWIFE: 3-4 years training necessary
– RNs, 1-2 additional years
• TBAs (Traditional Birth Attendant):
– Example from another developing
country, Cambodia:
• No formal training
• In Cambodia there are laws prohibiting
any people to deliver babies. The
Cambodia government encourages the
education of midwives and TBAs to
improve the maternal/pregnancy health
outcome.

91. 10 Year Plan
• PHASE 1 (Year 1-2)
– Draw a crowd, PLANT THE SEED of
Project
• Bring in Health Teachers, Drs., RNs,
Midwives, Medical teams, Volunteer
staff to TREAT + TEACH
• Treating:
• Begin a soup kitchen / medical center
to draw
• Provide consultation to rape victims,
injured, etc.
• Teaching
• Survey needs
• Develop teaching curriculum

92. 10 Year Plan
• Phase 2 (Year 3-6)
– Treat
• Continue treatment facility,
expand
– Teach
• Recruit Haitian Medical Team to
train, including:
– Midwives
– RNs
– Health Education Teachers
– *goal: educate community
leaders to create self sufficient
learning system
–

93. 10 Year Plan
• Phase 3 (Year 7-10) :
– Watch Haiti take ownership
• Treating:
• Continue sending medical
teams/ needs
• Teaching
• Continue sending teachers
• Allow Haitian practitioners
to teach other Haitians

94. Important Notes
– MOBILIZE + MAXIMIZE resources Haitians have
– ACCULTURATE to the community
– UNDERSTAND culture/values before attempting to
–
EDUCATE or CHANGE it

95. EDUCATION
Rebuilding Haiti

96. Educational History
 First schools in 1805
 Free and compulsory primary education
 Education promoted in principle but comprehensive,
accessible education not developed
 Curriculum emphasized
literature


97. Educational History
 1860- Education under the
control of Roman Catholic
Church
 Education modeled on the
French system
 7 yrs primary, 7 yrs
secondary
 Secondary – admission test
l Lycee (public), college
(private)

98. Educational History
 1970's Reform
 1978: Primary school restructured
 10 years of basic education, 3 yrs secondary
 Use of Haitian Creole in the first four grades
 Grouping children by ability
 Discovery Learning

99. Educational History
 1982 → 65% of children over 10 no formal education,
8% get more than primary education
 Education is highly valued, but not accessible
 Cannot afford the fees, school supplies, uniforms

100. Educational Culture
 Fluency in French is a marker of success
 Memorization (vs. Analysis, synthesis)
 Grading is very strict
 Teacher authority

101. Culture
 Dualistic Culture
l European vs. African
l French vs. Creole
l Mulatto Elites vs. Black masses
l Urban vs. Rural
l Christianity vs. Voodoo

102. Religion
 Voodoo is national religion
 80% Roman Catholic
 20% Protestants of various
denomination
 Most Haitians practice at least
some aspect of voodoo
 “voodoo” - means “spirit” in
West Africa
− Intermediaries with a single
God Almighty

103. •
THE Century Education System
in Haiti’s 21st
CURRENT STATE

104. THE CURRENT STATE
in Haiti’s 21st Century Education System
Gross: total of all ages
Net: total of ages of school
age

105. THE CURRENT STATE
in Haiti’s Education System in the 21st Century
 Public schools enrollment is stagnant.
 Private schools account for 80% of
student enrollment
 For-Profit
 Evangelical, Catholic
 Community School
 The enrollment between the first and
last year of Primary school decreases by
over 50%.
 Vocational/Technical Education lacks
in consistency and effectiveness.
 Higher education is pursued in the
Dominican Republic, Canada, or USA.

106. THE CURRENT STATE
in Haiti’s Education System in the 21st Century
 80% of teachers do not hold official
teaching certificate.
 Students are just not learning.
 Overcrowding
 Ineffective learning environment
(buildings, outside noise, etc)
 Inexperienced/untrained/
uneducated teachers
 Weak and Inconsistent Ministry of
Education (government).
 Inconsistency and insecurity of the
government keeps many foreign donors
from supporting the education sector.

107. THE FINDINGS
 Negatively affects social, cultural, and spiritual.
 Unreliable government support.
 The Haitian government alone is not capable of resolving
the educational crisis.
 The crisis has to be tended to community by community;
and each community must take ownership of its schools
and community center.
 The education system has to be built up on integrity.

108. Haiti Schools
Before After

109. THE PLAN
 10-year plan
 Phase I Years 1-2: Resources
 “Rebuilding our Community”-- Open house for potential local
teachers, staff, and volunteers.
• Interview, train, shadow, co-teach.
• INCENTIVE: Meals and shelter during the training, ID and
certificate of completion, guaranteed paid position upon the
successful completion of training.
• Gather teacher trainers from USA, Canada, and France (preferably
from Haitian descent) for short-term on-site teacher training
position.
 Phase II Years 3-5: Schools open
 Phase III Years 5-10: Evaluate schools and open community
center.

110. PRIMARY
EDUCATION
Purpose: Starting point of
education to build up future
leaders for the nation
School System: 1st-6th grade

111. Curriculum
 -- Courses: Math, Science, Language Arts, Social Studies
(applies to all grades)
 -- 4th grade: Select second language: English or Spanish
 -- 6th grade: Preparation for admission exam (gifted or
public school)

112. Sample Schedule
 AGENDA: 9AM-1:30PM
TIME COURSES
9-9:30am Morning Assembly
(Announcements & Praise)
9:30-10:20am Math
10:20-11:10am Social Studies
11:10-11:50am Snacks & Recess
11:50am-12:40pm Science
12:40-1:30pm Language Arts

113. Building Plan
 PHASE II: 15-20 students/class
 PHASE III: 20-25 students/class

*we will hire teachers based on student

enrollment

114. SECONDARY EDUCATION
Vocational/Career School
Purpose: Prepare students for completion
of basic high school academics and train
them for the career in which they are
interested.
School System: 7th to 10th grades

115. Curriculum
 -- Courses: Math, Science,
Language Arts, Social
Studies, Spanish (applies to
all grades)
 -- End of 8th grade: Choose
career field interested in
 -- 9th and 10th grade: Take
job training courses in
selected field
 -- 9th and 10th grade:
English is offered as an
option to those who would
like to learn English

116. Vocations offered
 Agriculture
 Utility workers (Plumber,
Electrician, etc.)
 Teaching
 Fashion (Sewing, etc.)

117. Sample Schedule
 Agenda: 9AM to 2:30PM
Time
Course
9:00AM – 9:20AM
Morning Assembly
(Announcements, prayer, praise,
etc.)
9:25AM – 10:15AM
Math
10:20AM – 11:10AM
Social Studies
11:15AM – 12:05PM
Language Arts
12:10PM – 12:50PM
Lunch and Recess
12:55PM – 1:45PM
Science
1:50PM – 2:30PM
Foreign language and Dismissal

118. Building Plan
 PHASE II: 30 students
per class
 PHASE III: 40 students
per class
 *2 teachers per class
 *based on the number of
students and teachers recruited,
we will adjust the student-
teacher ratio

119. Gifted Secondary Education
 Purpose: To educate & train
the future leaders of Haiti by
providing a rigorous
education program in order
to equip them to become
college-bound.
Requirements: Entrance
exam
Agenda: 9AM – 2:30PM

120. School System
 Middle school: 2 years
 High school : 3 years
 Goal: Enter a general university in Haiti or participate
in exchange and cooperation training programs with
prominent agricultural universities in Haiti or
Dominican Republic

121. Curriculum
 Middle School  High School
 Language Arts  Language Arts (Including AP English
Lang. & Comp.)
 Math
 Math (Including AP Calculus)
 Science
 Science (Including AP Physics)
 Social Studies
 Social Studies (Including AP
 Language: English or Spanish
Economics)
 Physical Education
 Language: English or Spanish
 Computer Skills
 Physical Education
 Computer Skills

122. Sample Schedule
Agenda: 9AM to 2:30PM
Time
Course
9:10AM – 9:30AM
Morning Assembly
(Announcements/praise)
9:40AM – 10:30AM
Math
10:40AM – 11:30AM
Science
11:40AM – 12:10PM
Lunch
12:20PM – 1:10PM
Social Studies
1:20PM – 2:10PM
Language Arts
2:20PM – 2:30PM
Dismissal

123. Building Plan
 PHASE II: 25-30
students per class
 PHASE III: 20-25
students per class
 *2 teachers per class
 *based on the number of
students and teachers recruited,
we will adjust the student-
teacher ratio

124. Building Communities in Haiti

125. Current Events
 “Traffickers targeting
Haiti’s children, human
organs, PM says...”
 http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/
01/27/haiti.earthquake.orphans/index.html
 “How Haitian teens will
end up on your online
porn” (humantrafficking.o
rg)
 http://humantrafficking.change.org/blog/view/"

126. Current Events continued...
 “In spite of everything, Haiti’s children still dream and
laugh...” (cnn.com)
 http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/05/04/danticat.haiti.children/index.html
 “The January 12, 2010, earthquake changed their lives. Many watched loved ones
die, lost family members and other caretakers, one or both of their parents, siblings.
Many were stuck in the rubble of their homes and were rescued several days later.”
 “Haiti's children have suffered more than any child, or adult, should have to, yet
they still represent the best that Haiti has to offer. The potential for a better country
rests on their shoulders. The survival of Haiti's children means the survival of Haiti.
Their success guarantees the country's future.”
 “Parents willingly gave their children to Idaho Baptists”

127. Building a Community Center
 Mission Statement: A center
where a safe, loving, and encouraging
environment is given for all children and
youth in developing their health and
social well being, working in rebuilding
the community of the Haitians for this and
the next generation. !
 Praying of Godʼs Kingdom coming upon
Haiti"
 Encouraging the people to dream their
dreams: healing, new life, and overcoming
evil"
 Developing a place where Godʼs
compassion will flow through the people
servings to make an impact upon the
Haitians"
 Cambodia Mission Statement in
Community Rebuilding - Lausanne
World Plus Organization"

128. Centers Included...
 Day Care Center
 Mission Statement: to provide a childcare program that is designed to
provide safe and loving environment for children (ages 0-4 years)
from single parent homes or homes where both parents work and
care is needed (UCIC Learning Center: Bothell, WA)
 Gives parents a chance to work in assurance of the safety of their
children in a qualified center with trained volunteers and teachers
 Where a child can develop healthy physically and emotionally,
especially from the after effects of the earthquake
 Teen/Student Center
 Mission Statement: to provide support and hope for those impacted
by the disaster in delivering critical services such as counseling,
educational support, recreational activities, and family programs.
(YMCA Haiti)

129. Day Care Center
 Hours: 6:00am to 6:00pm (tentatively)
 Where children feel safe and become healthy
 lots of love from caregivers
 providing sanitation (cleaning, washing, bathing)
 providing foods (following nutritional guidelines)
 Where children can have fun and socialize with those
around them
 play areas
 donated toys
 art and crafts (hands on activities) : painting rocks
 music play

130. Day Care Center continued...
 Volunteers made up of
out of the country to
build those of in the
country (mainly moms)
 Those that have a heart in
serving the children
 Offer families of
volunteers (esp. single
moms) to have a place of
shelter and meals
throughout the day

131. Teen/Student Center
 After-school program (3pm
to 7pm, tentatively)
 volunteers
 made up of mostly older
siblings or parents and
teachers
 gain benefits in getting
provided with food, free
education, and possibly health
care (later on)

132. Teen/Student Center
 Providing counseling sessions for those
emotionally and mentally hurt by the
earthquake
 Providing student centers for students
 one on one private sessions with
teachers/older student volunteers
 Providing sports and recreational
activities
 team games
 equipment and centers
 Providing informative classes
 required for those who want to serve
and become involved in the center
 SEX ED / Health