1. ART 101: Introduction to Art Visual Perception and The Formal Properties of Art James Greene | Visiting Assistant Professor | 1110 CAC | greenjam@gvsu.edu

2. Gestalt gə-ˈstält ("form" or "whole”) A theory of mind and brain positing that the operational principle of the brain is holistic, parallel, and uses self-organizing tendencies, OR: The name applied to the notion that the whole is different from the sum of its parts.

3. “Seeing the forest for the trees.”

4. Gestalt The use of Gestalt principles factors heavily in our perception of art and design. Artists and designers use knowledge of our brains’ natural form-forming abilities to produce art and design that communicates effectively.

5. Gestalt The key principles of Gestalt systems are: Emergence We do not recognize something or someone by first identifying its individual parts and then inferring what it is from those component parts. Instead, we perceive it as a whole, all at once.

7. Gestalt The key principles of Gestalt systems are: Reification The constructive or generative aspect of perception, by which the thing perceived contains moreexplicit spatial information than the sensory stimulus on which it is based.

9. Gestalt The key principles of Gestalt systems are: Multistability The tendency of ambiguous perceptual experiences to pop back and forth unstably between two or more alternative interpretations.

10. NECKER CUBE RUBIN’S VASE Ambiguous Depth Figures

12. M.C. Escher, Circle Limit IV (Angels & Devils) 1960

13. Gestalt The key principles of Gestalt systems are: Invariance The property of perception whereby simple geometrical objects are recognized independent of rotation, translation, and scale; as well as several other variations such as elastic deformations, different lighting, and different component features.

15. ART 101: Introduction to Art The Formal Elements of Art James Greene | Visiting Assistant Professor | 1110 CAC | greenjam@gvsu.edu

16. The Formal Elements of Art Line Arturo Hererra, Untitled, wall painting, 2007.

17. The Formal Elements of Art Line Alexander Calder, Figures from Cirque de Calder, Wire, wood, 1927 Alexander Calder, Caricature Face Mobiles, Wire, 1937.

18. The Formal Elements of Art Line (implied line) Raphael Crucifixion 1502-03 Oil on panel

19. The Formal Elements of Art Space SHAPE Flat, 2-Dimensional Area Measured in height and width MASS Solid, 3-Dimesional Volume Measured in height, width and depth

20. The Formal Elements of Art Space Figure/Ground Reversal Demonstrates how our perception depends on our recognition of the spatial relationships between an object and what lies beside and behind it.

21. The Formal Elements of Art Space: One-Point Perspective Perugino, Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter Fresco, Sistine Chapel (North Wall) 1480-82

22. The Formal Elements of Art Space: One-Point Perspective Perugino, Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter Fresco, Sistine Chapel (North Wall) 1480-82 (perspective analysis)

23. Space: Two-Point Perspective The Formal Elements of Art Gerrit Berckheyde The Exterior Of The Church Of Saint Bavo Oil on panel 1666.

24. The Formal Elements of Art Space: Two+ Points Perspective Gustave Caillebotte La Place de l’Europe, temps de pluie). Oil on canvas. 1877.

25. The Formal Elements of Art Space: Three-Point Perspective MC Escher Ascending and Descending Lithograph 1960

26. The Formal Elements of Art Space: Three-Point Perspective

27. The Formal Elements of Art Space: Aerial Perspective Andrea Mategna, LamentationOver the Dead Christ, Tempera on panel, 1480.

28. The Formal Elements of Art Light: Value The relative level of lightness or darkness of an area or an object.

29. The Formal Elements of Art Chiarscuro Technique used by artists to represent the gradual transition around a curved surface from light to dark.

30. The Formal Elements of Art Color Ryan McGuinness, Untitled, Silkscreen print on vinyl, 2007.

31. The Formal Elements of Art Color Title

32. The Formal Elements of Art Color

33. The Formal Elements of Art Color Title

34. The Formal Elements of Art Color ANALAGOUS COLOR SCHEME Resulting from the use of several hues that lie next to each other on the hue wheel

35. The Formal Elements of Art Color COMPLIMENTARY COLOR SCHEME Resulting from the use of hues that lie across from each other on the hue wheel

36. The Formal Elements of Art Color COMPLIMENTARY COLOR SCHEME Resulting from the use of hues that lie across from each other on the hue wheel

37. The Formal Elements of Art Color COMPLIMENTARY COLOR SCHEME Resulting from the use of hues that lie across from each other on the hue wheel

38. The Formal Elements of Art Texture Egyptian Bust of Khafre Old Kingdom, diorite.

39. The Formal Elements of Art Texture Max Ernst Surrealistic Landscape Oil on canvas 1927

40. ART 101: Introduction to Art The Principles of Design James Greene | Visiting Assistant Professor | 1110 CAC | greenjam@gvsu.edu

41. The Principles of Design Balance Notre Dame de Paris Gothic Period Paris, France Completed c.1345 Symmetrical or Formal Balance: When both sides of a composition mirror each other.

42. The Principles of Design Balance Paul Gauguin, Les Femmes De Tahiti, oil on canvas, 1891 Asymmetrical or Informal Balance: When visual weight is well-distributed, but the two sides of the composition do not mirror each other.

43. Emphasis The Principles of Design Henri Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rogue, oil on canvas, 1895

44. The Principles of Design Focal Point Rose Window, South Transept, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres France c. 1215

45. The Principles of Design Scale Hokusai The Great Wave Off Kanagawa from 36 Views of Mt. Fuji woodcut, 1826-33

46. The Principles of Design Proportion Polykleitos Doryphoros (The Spearbearer) Roman marble copy of Greek bronze original 450-40 BC (original)

47. The Principles of Design Proportion Parthenon Athenos, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, Classical Period, Completed 431 BC

48. The Principles of Design Proportion

49. The Principles of Design Repetition Title

50. The Principles of Design Rhythm Bridget Riley Drift #2 Silkscreen print 1966 Title

51. The Principles of Design Unity Pieter Bruegel the Elder NetherlandishProvebs tempera on panel1559

52. The Principles of Design Variety Las Vegas Strip, ca. 1970