2. Cells create organelles where the proteins/enzymes are concentrated in particular areas in the cell.

3. Endomembrane System

4. Endoplasmic Reticulum

5. Golgi

6. Transport Vesicles

7. Endosomes

8. Lysosomes

9. Continuous w/ nuclear envelope, specifically ER

10. Transport vesicles to the plasma membrane

11. Isolated Organelles

12. Nucleus

13. Mitochondria

14. Peroxisomes

15. Debated issue if part of isolated or endomembrane system

16. Can bud off from ER like a similar organelle, lysosomes

17. Can bud off from ER so can be isolated or part of endomembrane sys.

18. Can regenerate themselves

19. Endoplasmic Reticulum

20. Smooth ER

21. Buds and sends vesicles to golgi

22. Cis

23. Medial

24. Trans regions of golgi

25. Trans golgi to plasma membrane is the direction of budding

26. Synthesis of lipids, cholesterol, steroids

27. Calcium storage site

28. Ca2+ must be kept at low concentrations because it’s a signaling molecule.

29. Detoxifying alcohol/drugs

30. Hydroxylation, where –OH groups are placed on to alcohol and drug molecules to make them more soluble so they can be removed easier

31. Catalyzed by cytochrome P-450

32. Upregulated when high levels of alcohol or drugs

33. Alcoholics have cronically high levels of cytochrome P-450

34. Breakdown of glycogen to glucose

35. Storage molecules can be broken down and used for glycolysis (example)

36. Rough ER

37. Contains ribosome on its membrane

38. Synthesizes proteins

39. Modification of proteins

40. Glycosylation of proteins

41. Carb groups are placed onto proteins to glycosylate

42. N-glycosylation

43. Cisternae

44. The name ER tells you that it’s a network within the cytoplasm continuous with nuclear envelope.