The document summarizes research on simulating satellite brightness temperature (BT) data using land surface models and observations. Key points: - Researchers developed a two-phase system to simulate gridded AMSR-E BT data using the Community Land Model (CLM), a microwave emissivity model, and calibration with SCE-UA algorithm and AMSR-E observations. - The system calculates sub-grid land states from CLM, simulates BT from these states, and calibrates model parameters and wetland emissivity to minimize differences from observed AMSR-E BT. - Experiments showed the calibrated wetland emissivities transferred well to another location and improved soil moisture estimates

1. Shenglei Zhang ﹡ , Jiancheng Shi, Youjun Dou Xiaojun Yin, Liying Li, Chenzhou Liu ﹡ [email_address] Experiments of satellite data simulation based on the Community Land Model and SCE-UA algorithm IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July, 2011 Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

5. Methodology: Satellite data simulation system Flowchart of the satellite data simulation system

10. Methodology ： Parameters calibration scheme Objective function ： If there is wetland in grid, the BT of grid denotes as following: : microwave wetland surface emissivity : effective temperature : area fraction of wetland and ： simulated BT and ： observed BT ： the number of satellite observations during calibration using SCE-UA algorithm

12. Experiment: Reference stations information 7% wetland 13% C 4 grass 13% C 3 non-arctic grass 19.5% needleleaf evergreen temperate tree 47.5% corn (24.80ºN, 113.58ºE) ShaoGuan 11% wetland 0.9% C 3 non-arctic grass 0.9% needleleaf deciduous boreal tree 0.9% needleleaf evergreen temperate tree 86.3% corn (44.42ºN, 122.87ºE) TongYu 86% wetland 0.3% broadleaf deciduous temperate shrub 13.7% corn (31.87ºN, 117.23ºE) HeFei Area Fraction Sub-grid Patch Type Location Station

13. Time series of the BT simulated by the LandEM in each sub-grid patch and observed by AMSR-E sensor based on the model grid cell at HeFei station. The difference between two sub-grid vegetation patch BT and the wetland patch is extremely evident, the main cause is that there is more water surface in the wetland patch. Results - Sub-grid patch BT

14. Time series of the emissivities simulated by the landEM in two sub-grid vegetation patch and calibrated by the SCE-UA algorithm in the sub-grid wetland patch (monthly mean) at HeFei station Results - Calibrated wetland surface emissivity

15. Scatterplots of the AMSR-E BT simulated by the LandEM (left) and simulated by the parameters transfer (right) versus that observed by AMSR-E sensor in 2003 at TongYu Results - Parameters transfer validation The monthly mean microwave wetland emissivities calibrated at Hefei in 2003 were transferred to TongYu.

17. Application: Soil moisture assimilation result Comparisons of the daily volumetric soil moisture content among the simulation, assimilation with the AMSR-E BT data and observation in different soil layers (0-50 cm) at ShaoGuan from 19 June to 31 December 2002

20. Thank You!