That they are the drugs

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INTRODUCTION
I choose this topic especially for us teens we realize how dangerous and
addictive drugs are.
At the time are being consumed by most teenagers, some are addicts and
others die being consumed by his addiction.
Usually people use drugs because they want to change something in their
lives to be accepted, to escape or relax, to relieve boredom, to be mature, to
be rebellious, to experiment.
They think that drugs are a solution. But eventually, the drugs become the
problem. The consequences of drug use are always worse than the problem
one tries to solve them.
Addictions often arise from problems within the family (misunderstanding,
miscommunication, shock, intra-family abuse, rejection, stepparents,
neglect, lack of funding, school difficulties, absolute poverty and heartbreak)
to feel that they are ones at home, teens have the impression of not being
heard or considered.
Sometimes young people with an unhealthy curiosity, by observing that
some teens her age mimic the act to try and feel the use of any drug. Also
some drugs such as inhalants, are easily accessible to them, are authorized
and sold at low cost at any supply, causing consumer advantage.
It is very important to know everything about drugs and we should always be
aware of them and maintain the position of saying NO. For that is our
decision.

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DRUGS
What are drugs?
With the drug name it is designated in generic sense to all mineral substance,
vegetable or animal that it is used in the industry or in the medicine and that it
possesses stimulating effects, depressors or narcotics or, like it establishes the
World Organization of the Health (OMS), to any substance that, introduced in an
alive organism, it can modify an or several of their functions. To penal effects, the
drug (in spite of the different performance forms in the organism) concept also
includes the stupefying substances and psychotropic, natural or synthetic, whose
reiterated consumption provokes the physical or organic dependence, as well as
the uncontrollable desire to continue consuming them in more dose in order to
avoid the syndrome of abstinence.
OMS mentions:
The main stimulant drugs are: cocaine, the amphetamines, the methilfenidas, the
fenometrazina and others that, be already inhaled, puffs of smoke or injected, they
produce increment in the alert, excitement, euphoria, increase of the heart pulse
and the sanguine pressure, insomnia.
The depressive substances, as the barbiturates, the benzodiazepinas, the
alcohol and the methaqualona, they provoke difficulty when speaking,
disorientation, staggering when walking and intoxication.
Narcotics are used in medicine, among them are opium, morphine, codeine,
heroin, methadone and others and among its effects are euphoria, dizziness,
decreased respiratory rate and nausea.
The hallucinogens are substances that produce illusions, hallucinations, altered
perceptions of the body and of the reality and emotional a lot of excitement. LSD is
among those most used ones, the mushrooms, the mescaline, the peyote and
other more.
Another type of addictive substances is the cannabinoides, as the marijuana or
the hashish that cause euphoria, desinhibición, increment of the appetite,
deterioration of the memory and of the attention.
The characteristics of the drugs make them extremely hazardous substances. The
effects produced in the body are not always equal and vary according to the class
of drugs, for example, some are stimulants and other, depressing. Also vary
with the dose for the same drug can cause different effects depending on the
amount consumed.

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These effects are related with each person's characteristic psychophysical and with
the particularities of the mean in that the consumption takes place. For these
reasons, certainty never exists but probability that the drug produces the looked for
effect.
Addiction is the imperious necessity to consume drug regularly (not to be able to
moderate the consumption or to suppress it). It´s comes determined by psychic
and physical phenomena.
Tachyphylaxis is the necessity to consume dose every bigger time to get the
same effects. They present it many pharmaceuticals because the organism
develops its mechanisms of degradation of the substance, but to the drugs a
phenomenon is added of 'tolerance' psychological.
The squares of abstinence are always psychological and, in the case of some
drugs, they are also physical syndromes that can be mortal. They can be controlled
with therapeutic symptomatic measures or substitutes (less noxious substances, of
similar effects that retire progressively).
There are legal and socially admitted and promoted drugs and other illegal.
The tobacco, the coffee, the alcoholic drinks, the industrial solvents and the drugs
are among the legal ones. The marijuana, the cocaine, the heroine, the
amphetamines, etc are among the illegal.
CAUSES OF ADDICTION
Family problems
The adolescents when living a crisis stage and when being about avoiding the
problems, they look for easy exits or you form of forgetting them, for example by
means of the alcohol and the drugs.
Many times the addictions arise for problems inside the family (incomprehension,
lack of communication, blows, intra-family abuse, rejection, stepfathers,
abandonment, lack of economic resources, school difficulties, absolute poverty and
indifference), when feeling that they are not wanted in the homes, the adolescents
have the impression of not being listened or taken into account.
Caen in an error when being about solving the conflicts by means of the drugs,
believing that they will only ingest once the substance, but in fact it is generated
the habit or the addiction, this causes that the family problems increase, since the
consumed drug is stronger, and when not wanting or to be able to leave it, the
adolescents sometimes opt to abandon the home, transforming into children of the

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street, in which they are exposed to risks of great magnitude like to contract
illnesses, to be hit, to support abuses, exploitation, hunger and abandonment.
Influence social
They also appeal to the drugs when they show up problems around in its. For
example: When not being accepted by the friends or a condition to enter to certain
group it is ingesting drug, to be as them, to imitate them, to make them believe that
"the trips" are the maximum thing, or the worst thing, to fall in the social influence.
The addicts can make the comments that you want on the person that is not willing
to enter in the drugs; the adolescents should be very aware of themselves and to
maintain their posture of NOT saying.
To be problematic can be cause of the influence of the partners, as making them
fall in the delinquency. Since the robberies that are carried out by addicts, are not
primarily for issues of hunger, but for the necessity of to continue being drugged.
This causes to have problems with the authorities and later on to be subjected to
the jails.
Curiosity
Sometimes young people with an unhealthy curiosity, to observe that some
adolescents of their age imitate the act of to prove and to feel the use of any drug.
Also some drugs as the inhaling ones are of easy access for them, they are
authorized and sold at low cost in any supply, what causes consumption
advantage.
When accepting the organism the tranquility and relaxation of the effect of the
drug, it causes that this demands the consumption again, but with the same dose it
is already insufficient, that makes increase more and more the quantity to feel the
same effects, opening the way to the addiction. Some young that experience
feeling of well-being or the simple one made of "walking in a trip" and that when
consuming the drug their organism it rejects them in an abrupt way, in general
these people don't attempt it again.
Why young people use drugs and children?
If you can understand some of the following reasons of the reason a boy or young
can fall in the use of the drugs, it will be much easier to be able to chat their
children about the problem.
When you wonder to the children or adolescents that have used drugs reason do
they make it? They respond us:

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 As revelion form toward people.
 To feel that it is belonged to a group, gang or club.
 Because they like risks.
 Because they find amusing.
 Because it is in fashion.
 To be part of the amusement in the parties.
 Because you makes you feel bigger.
 As escape of the pressures of the modern life.
 To feel boring.
 Because once "inside of", it is very difficult to be left.
CONSEQUENCES
The consumption of drugs, legal and illegal, constitutes a problem of public very
important health. The risks and damages associated to the consumption vary for
each substance.
Also, it is necessary to keep in mind the personal variables as the grade of
knowledge or the user's experience, their motivation, etc. and the specific
properties of each drug as well as the influence of the adulterant elements.
That makes that an addiction is a noxious addiction it is that becomes against
oneself and of the other ones. At the beginning certain apparent bonus is obtained,
the same as with a habit.
But earlier than it takes their behavior begins to have negative consequences in
their life. The addictive behaviors produce pleasure, relief and other short term
compensations, but they provoke pain, disaster, desolation and multitude of
problems to half term. The negative consequences associated to the addictions
affect too many aspects different from the life of a person. These consequences
are very diverse and they can group in two big groups:
By type
Health: the consumption of drugs originates or it intervenes in the appearance of
diverse illnesses, damages, damages and organic and psychological problems.
For example: Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, cardiovascular Dysfunctions, Depression,
Psychosis, Paranoia, etc.
Psychic health: The addicts usually suffer a wide range of psychological
dysfunctions, as negative states of spirit and irritability, defensive attitudes, loss of
self-esteem and intense blame feelings.

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Physical Health: The addiction usually bears multitudes of physical symptoms
appearance including dysfunctions of the appetite, ulcer, insomnia, and tires, more
the physical dysfunctions and illnesses provoked in particular by each substance.
Social: The addicts to drugs are often involved in assaults, public disorder, racial
conflicts, marginalization, etc.
When you begin to need more to the drugs than to other people they can be ruined
or to be destroyed the intimate relationships and to get lost the friendships. One
can stop to participate in the world, to abandon goals and plans, to stop to grow as
person, not to try to solve the problems constructively and to appeal to more drugs
as "solution."
Relate: The relationship with the family, friends or couple loses temper, frequent
discussions appear, sexual indifference, the communication is interrupted, there
are loss of trust, estrangement, etc.
Work: When a person has an addiction usually subtracts the time to her work to
look for the drug or to recover of her use, you usually arrives late, there are smaller
productivity, deterioration of the quality of the work or loss of the own work.
Behavior: As to get and to use the drug has become almost more important that
any other thing, the addicts become selfish and egocentric: they don't care nobody
more than themselves.
Depending on the level
Singular: they are the damages experienced by the own consumer of drugs.
Community: the consumption of drugs generates multitude of negative
consequences for the addict's family, on the friends, the neighbors, etc.
Society: in the society it produces effects on the structure and organization of the
same one (I increase of the demands in the services of health, increment of the
civic insecurity for crimes against the property, witnesses of the organized crime
through the nets of drug dealers.
Effects of the drug in the family:
Frequently the members of the family cease of acting in functional form when they
are about fighting with the problems taken place by the drug in a to be wanted,
some refuse that some problem exists, blocking their own feelings (in a same way
that the addict to the drug). Another of the members of the family is about hiding
the errors made by the addict to the drug. The concealment happens when a
member of the family rescues the addict or he helps him in the obtaining of the

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drug. One of the spouses maybe is about hiding the children the addiction to their
couple's drug.
SIGNS OF ADDICTION
All addictions are diagnosable because its symptoms can be recognized and
described. However, it is often difficult and costly to accept a person who has an
addiction problem, which is why it's best to leave that addiction, is 'self-diagnosed'.
Regrettably, the addict is usually the last in finding out his own problem, due to a
denominated defense mechanism 'negation.'
The 4 cardinal signs / symptoms of the addiction are:
Obsession:
The addictive behavior is, in general, urgent and obsessive. When it is addicted
often one cannot think of another thing that it is not the drug, the way of getting it,
the form of administering it, etc. In general, the addiction is lived as an obsession
that will direct great part of its time, its energy and its attention.
The lifestyle becomes monotonous and 'unimodal': everything rotates around the
addiction, and the rest of people, things, interests, obligations... it passes to a
secondary plan.
Negative consequences:
That makes that an addiction is a noxious addiction it is that becomes against
oneself and of the other ones. At the beginning certain apparent bonus is obtained,
the same as with a habit. But earlier than it takes their behavior begins to have
negative consequences in their life.
Control lack:
The distinctive feature of the addictive behavior is that when being about
controlling it, the will is insufficient. The substance or activities in question control
the person, instead of being on the contrary. The false self-control perception is
one of the big paradigms to understand the addictions. The addicts believe that
they can control the drug: the quantity, the doses, the frequency, etc. however
anything is more mistaken than this belief.
To think that one possesses certain omnipotence in front of the drugs is an
ingenuousness, and stiller when consumption antecedents already exist. If for
people teetotallers it is difficult to control the ingestion of alcohol, for people that

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have a consumption history and/or abuse of alcohol is very difficult to stop, to not
say or to avoid a situation.
Negation:
As the addicts begin to accumulate problems (in the work, home, socially),
inevitably they begin to deny two things:
• That the drug or activity in question constitutes a problem that they
cannot control
• That the negative effects in their lives have some connection with the
use of the drug or activity.
As the negation it is a mental fictitious process, to deny the own addiction or their
consequences means, literally, to be outside of contact with the reality.
• The negation assumes many forms:
• To deny absolutely: 'No, I don't have any problem'
• To minimize: 'Not it is so serious'
• To avoid the topic completely (to ignore it, to refuse to approach it or to
deviate the attention to another topic)
• To accuse others: 'Who this would not make in my situation'
• To rationalize: 'Him mine is not so serious', 'I am not so hooked'
TYPES OF ADDICTION
Each substance takes place in the organism diverse effects, but these can vary
according to its administration.
It is necessary to consider that the use of any substance necessarily supposes the
appearance of problems for the consumer. This use can be merely incidental, with
an experimental objective or in a certain moment of the individual's history, and not
to carry modifications in its personality, in the operation of its nervous system or in
its lifestyle. The repetition of these experimental or incidental uses what you/they
can lead to dependence.
For general rule, the use and abuse of drugs can generate dependence due to the
phenomenon of the neuroadaptation. This consists on a permanent (but reversible)
change of the structure and operation of the neurons on which the effect s of the
located drugs.
In more complex levels, there are other mechanisms of adaptation: emotional,
behavioral, cognitive, relational, etc. The changes that take place in a person for
the use of drugs are not limited to the mere action of the substance on the nervous

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cell, but rather it supposes a transformation that is defined in the mark of the
relationship among the individual, the substance and the context.
The consumption patterns are a group of variables that define the relationship
between the individuals and self-administered substance. This way, you can
consider:
 What substance it is the main drug
 How other drugs show up associate
 Which the roads are for the one that are administered (oral, injected puff of
smoke, inhaled, and others).
 what is commonly consumed quantities
 In what physical state the consumption takes place
 If the administration takes place in form singular or in the mark group
 In what period storm the consumption takes place
 What you average of behavior they go associate
 What norms and values exercise from cultural support to the consumption
Experimental consumption
It corresponds to the situations of contact initial with an or several substances, of
which it can spend to an abandonment of the same ones or the continuity in the
consumption.
The adolescence is the stage in that most often this consumption type arises,
although a high percentage doesn't backslide in the same one.
The motivations can be several: curiosity, pressure of the group, attraction of that
prohibited and of the risk, search of the pleasure and of that ignored, and I
increase of the offer, among other.
As evaluation indicators to define this consumption type is considered that the
individual ignores the effects of the substance and that his consumption is carried
out, generally, in the mark of a group that he invites him to prove it.
Occasional consumption
It is the intermittent use of the substances, without any fixed rhythm and with long
intervals of abstinence.
Among the main motivations facilitate the communication, the search of pleasure,
relaxation, and to transgress the norms, among other.
Some general characteristics that define this consumption type are: the individual
continues using the substance in group, although it is able to carry out the same

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activities without necessity of drugs; he already knows the action of the same one
in his organism and for this reason it consumes it.
Habitual consumption
It supposes a frequent use of the drug. This practice can lead to the other
consumption forms, depending on the substance, the frequency with which it is
used, the person's characteristics, the environment that surrounds him, etc.
Among the motivations expressed to maintain the use of the drugs they are: to
intensify the sensations of pleasure; experience of belonging and need for
recognition within it; to mitigate the solitude, the boredom, the anxiety; to reaffirm
independence or aversion toward the society, and to reduce the hunger, the cold,
the weakness or the fatigue.
Some indicators that define this consumption form are: the fellow enlarges the
situations in those that it appeals to the drugs; these are used so much individually
as in group; his effects are perfectly well-known and looked for by the user. Since
you have not lost control over their behavior, manifested to quit if unintentionally.
Abusive consumption
The individual needs the substance and all its life rotates around this in spite of the
complications that it can cause it.
Recurrent consumption of drugs that carries the nonfulfillment of obligations in the
work, the school or at home (absences repeated or low yield; suspensions or
expulsions of the school; I neglect of the children or of the obligations of the
house).
Recurrent use of drugs in situations in which it is physically dangerous (driving a
car or operating machinery). Legal problems reiterated with the substance (arrests
for scandalous behavior).
Continued substance use despite recurrent social problems or interpersonal
trouble caused or exacerbated by the effects of drugs (discussions with the wife
about the consequences of the intoxication, physical violence, etc.).
STAGES OF ADDICTION
The drugs, all the drugs, present an expensive double. First appear with the
positive, favorable image and that so much attracts to young and bigger. Later on,
that face disappears. Quickly the drugs begin to be shown just as they are: pain,
problems, misery and multiple dysfunctions.

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In this duality that the drugs present part of the potential difficulty it resides to avoid
new people to consummate them and abuse of them. If from the beginning, the
prevailing face was the negative, the attractiveness and mystic that it surrounds the
world of the drugs it would disappear.
In many senses the addiction process has been compared with the one of
beginning a relationship; but in this case it would be about an unhappy relationship.
As we cross the successive stages, the commitment is intensified and the influence
that exercises on the addict becomes stronger.
In function of this analogy Dr. Arnold M. Washton in their book to Not Want is to be
able to it establishes five stages in the addiction process.
Amorousness
The first experiences with the drugs usually leave a recorded mark. If this first
contact has been pleasant, he takes place an amorousness or passionate
attraction take the substance again or to carry out the activity. This distorted
perception of the reality, however, it moves, it produces euphoria or it tranquilizes
that makes increase the probability there to be a new taking or occasion to
consume. It takes place a change of state of spirit that, in many cases, it is
experienced at visceral (everything caused it by the logical alteration of the
cerebral chemistry) level and that it generates that glare the same as one falls in
love with a girl or boy.
In the game, an initial strong gain increases the probabilities of acquiring addiction
to the game.
Betrayal
However, what one glimpses during the honeymoon is not it that in fact obtains.
With the step of the time, it is betrayed. This way, besides the deterioration
suffered in the main spheres of their life, it is very probable that the addict is
making things that he would not make usually, for maintain his addiction (to steal,
to participate in other illicit activities). The artificial paradise that is promised in the
previous phase turn into dark alleys filled with traps. The betrayal is real and the
decline begins.
In the ruin
Now the addict should consume more and more to avoid that the growing feelings
and negative states of spirit deepen in his conscience and to be about maintaining
the positive effects that every time is smaller. It is developing tolerance and has to
consume doesn't stop to obtain pleasure or relief but to avoid the uneasiness

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associated to the syndrome of abstinence. The physical dependence created
chemically by the action of the substance on the nervous system has captured the
individual. Psychologically, the confrontation strategy developed up to now
continues staying with that which, the problems far from being been solved
increase even more.
Trapped
With the time, the addict arrives to a desperation state in his relationship with the
substance or addictive activity, leaving aside everything the rest. He behaves of
more and more impulsive way and uncontrolled prisoner of their addiction. This
stage of the addictive relationship is a descent to the desperation and the personal
destruction. The subservience to drugs does not allow truce and tends to self-
perpetuate this spiral, unless something that stops it happens. The return
nevertheless exists, although it is also a process hard and difficult.
TREATMENT
The treatment for the addiction consists on a series of clinical structured
interventions in such a way that are useful to promote and to support the recovery
of a person affected by the addiction toward a better quality of life.
The treatment is individualized
Each person is a human being different with different situations of life and different
necessities. For this reason each treatment should be individualized so that the
best thing is adapted possible to each person's contextual characteristics.
To harness the person that will talk to the appropriate treatment is a key factor in
the final success of the treatment, just as they indicate it the investigations recent
envelope the topic (I Project MATCH)
The treatment is a process
The initial consultation, the evaluation, the diagnosis, the intervention and the
treatment in themselves are parts of a process that not this fractured in stages but
rather it is part of a continuum of care, where the phases transicionan so that some
are overlapped others. To understand this reality is important to be able to take the
relevant decisions at each moment of the process
Principles about the treatment
LEl National Institute of Alcohol and Drugs of USA have elaborated an excellent
pamphlet on the treatment of which we recommend their reading. In this section we
have picked up the beginning on the treatment that recojen the discoveries that

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have been made through practices it clinic and the investigations about the
treatment.
Treatment Plan Design
Keeping in mind the necessities and each person's individual characteristics the
treatment plan is designed that should be product besides the consent of those
implied in the process (usually the patient and the professional). This way one has
a document it bases that it serves as guide for the changes that are had like goals
of the recovery. In this section we study the details of the process of design of the
treatment plan.
Components of the treatment
The components are modules or tools that are to our disposition to integrate them
in the treatment plan. Here they show up the diverse classes of components that
are usually used for the treatment of the addictions:
1. Picosociales components
2. Pharmacological components
3. Components of self-help
4. Alternative therapies
The combination of these components can also be in function of the politicians of
the treatment institution, the readiness in the area of the resource, of the patient's
capacity to obtain the resource and of the disposition grade that the patient has to
follow the medical recommendations.
Principles of the Effective Treatments
1. Not there is a single treatment that is appropriate for all the people.
It is very important to achieve an appropriate combination of the atmosphere type,
the interventions and the services of treatments with the problems and the
necessities peculiar of each individual, so that this person achieves the final
success returning to work productively in the family, the work and the society.
2. The treatment should be easily available in all moment.
Since addicted people to the drugs can have doubts on if to begin or not a
treatment, is very important to take advantage of the opportunity when they
indicate that they are clever to receive treatment. It can get lost to potential
candidates for treatment if these treatments are not available immediately or if they
are not easily accessible.

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3. The effective treatment should embrace the person's multiple necessities,
not only its use of drugs.
To be effective, the treatment should go to the use of the person's drugs besides
any medical, psychological, social, vocational and legal other problem.
4. The plan of the patient's treatment should be continually evaluated and, of
being the case, modified to assure that the plan stays at the same time with the
changes in the person's necessities. A patient can require combinations of
services and components of treatments that vary during the course of her
treatment and recovery. Besides the advice or psychotherapy, the patient can
sometimes need medications, other medical services, family therapy, instruction to
be better parents, vocational rehabilitation and social and legal services. It is
essential that the treatment form is appropriate for the age, the sex, the ethnic
group and the patient's culture.
5. So that the treatment is effective, it is essential that the patient continues
him during an appropriate period of time.
The appropriate duration of the treatment for a person depends on its problems
and necessities. The investigations indicate that in most of the patients you begin
to see a significant improvement after three months of treatment. When you arrive
to this point, the additional treatments can achieve a quick recovery. Since many
people frequently leave the treatment prematurely, the programs should include
strategies that commit and maintain the patient’s low treatment.
6. The individual therapy or of group and other types of behavior therapies
constitute critical components of the effective treatment for the addiction.
During the therapy, the patients treat their motivation problems, they develop
abilities to reject the use of the drug, they replace activities where the drugs are
used by constructive and useful activities in those that the use of drugs doesn't
enter, and they improve their aptitudes to solve problems. The behavior therapy
also facilitates the interpersonal relationships and it improves the individual's ability
to work inside the family and of the community.
7. For many patients, the medications form an important element of the
treatment, especially when they combine with the different therapy types.
Methadone and levo-alpha-acetyl (LAAM) they are very effective to help those
addicted individuals to the heroine and other narcotics to stabilize their lives and to
reduce the use of illegal drugs. The naltrexona is also an effective medication for
addicted people to the opium and for some patients that at the same time suffer
from dependence to the alcohol. For addicted people to the nicotine, the products

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that replace to the nicotine (as the patches or chewing gums) or an oral (as the
bupropión) medication can be component effective of their treatment. While the
combination of treatments and of medications it can be of supreme importance for
patient with mental dysfunctions.
8. In the case of individuals with addiction problems or abuse of drugs that at
the same time have mental dysfunctions, it should be the two problems in an
integrated way.
As often addiction dysfunctions and mental dysfunctions are come in oneself
individual, those patients that present anyone of the two conditions should be
evaluated and treaties for the simultaneous presence of the other dysfunction type.
9. The medical detoxification is only the first stage of the treatment for the
addiction and for itself recently to change the long term use of drugs.
The medical detoxification manages the physical sharp symptoms of the syndrome
of the abstinence that happen carefully when one stops to use some drug.
Although the detoxification for itself rarely is enough to help addicted people to
achieve long term abstinence, for some individuals it is good as a strongly suitable
precursor for the effective treatment of the drug addiction.
10. The treatment doesn't have to be voluntary to be effective. The treatment
process can be facilitated thanks to a strong motivation. The sanctions or the
prizes inside the family, of the labor atmosphere or of the system of criminal justice
they can increase the percentages of individuals that enter significantly and that
they stay inside treatment programs for the drug addiction as well as the success
of the same ones.
11. The possible use of drugs during the treatment should be constantly
supervised.
During the period of treatment they can have relapsed to the use of drugs. The
objective supervision of the use of drugs and alcohol during the treatment,
including analysis of the urine or other exams, can help the patient to resist their
impulses of using drugs. This supervision class can also provide an early evidence
of the use of drugs so that the plan of the patient's treatment can be readjusted. To
give to know the results from the reports to the patients that register positively in
the analyses of drugs, can serve as an important element in the supervision.
12. The treatment programs should include exams for the HIV / AIDS, the
hepatitis b and c, the tuberculosis and other infectious illnesses, jointly with the
necessary therapy to help the patients to modify or to change those behaviors that
put to them or others in risk of being infected. The therapy can help the patients to

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avoid behaviors of high risk. Can also help people that are already infected to
manage their illness.
13. The recovery of the addiction can be a long term process and frequently it
requires multiple beats of treatments. Just as in other chronic illnesses, the
repetition in the use of drugs can happen during or after successful beats of
treatment. The patients can require treatments lingering and multiple beats of
treatments to be able to achieve the long term abstinence and a totally
reestablished operation Participation in self-help programs during and after
treatment provides support for maintaining abstinence.
RECOVERY
Treatment and Recovery:
While the recovery is the process by means of which the addict stops his use and it
produces positive changes in his lifestyle, the treatment is defined like a series of
clinical structured activities that they are used with the purpose of helping the
addict to recognize and to stop the active addiction; as well as to promote and to
maintain the sustained recovery.
It is necessary to clarify the relationship among these two processes that behave in
a harmonic and coordinated way.
The recovery is it stops a lifetime and its objective is the one of improving the
quality of the addict's life in recovery.
The treatment this defined to a period of time, although it could be several
necessary treatment sessions throughout the addict's life.
The objective of the treatment is to be able to attend the patient to achieve its
recovery.
The family intervention is a procedure directed to be able to help the addict to
make the enter decision in recovery. This intervention should be guided by a
trained professional and it is based on the power of the family like group of positive
pressure.
The clinical intervention can also be effective to begin the recovery process. Many
times the first contact with the treatment makes it the addict to treat some
secondary complication to the use. For example a sharp gastritis in the alcoholism,
or a venereal illness in the addict to the sex. If in that moment the appropriate
addiction diagnosis is made it is more probable than a recommendation of specific
treatment is made for the addiction. But many times the diagnosis is not made by

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the lack of training that exists in the professions of help in this area of the treatment
of the addictions.
It is advisable to be advised with a professional of the addiction that is trained in
this area and fulfill the requirements to be able to be of help.
Even so it is not necessarily indispensable the intervention professional because
many addicts recovers without necessity of having contact with the system of
health.
It even exists a lot of ignorance in the professional community about the topic of
the addiction, but there is also a population, every time but big, of professionals
that are committed with the training, the upgrade and the quality of the necessary
attention to work in the area of the treatment of the addictions.
On the other hand, it is necessary to keep care and since wisdom, there is always
a sector of humbugs that take advantage of the desperation of the families that
suffer of the addiction to deceive with false promises or magic "cures."
Not quick or magic "cures" exist; the simple one made of proposing them denotes
a gross ignorance of the topic. That attitude is also in fact the center of the mental
dynamics of the addiction: the obsessive search of the quick arrangement, the
magic substance, the person, place or thing that it will "fix" us the life The treatment
of the addictions should be integral, systemic and strategic approaching the
biggest quantity in levels possible: personal, family, work, social, etc.; and it should
be kept in mind to the person in an integral and complete way.
The psychosocial changes are the focus where the biggest quantity in treatment
energy will be invested, because it is there where the possibility of constructive
change is bigger.
The therapeutic different tools can and they should be used in an integral way and
keeping in mind each person's special necessities, but never as substitute of the
psychosocial treatment.
Not they exist better treatments that other but rather each person has different
necessities and each treatment modality offers different possibilities. Each plan of
individual treatment should be based on the severity of the addictive process, the
person's individual characteristics and the situation of psychosocial operation in
that moment.
The groups of self-help are treatment modalities that have been successful
throughout the time and they are always advisable especially in the maintenance
stage.

DRUGS PAGE 18
The studies demonstrate that a balanced plan made up of attendance to groups of
self-help and professional tracing, it is the most effective therapy, in the patients
that don't need to be interned.
Stages of the Recovery
The recovery process can be divided in stages, for its study and understanding.
These stages are based on the evolutionary "pattern of the recovery" of Gorski.
Each one of these stages takes I get a basic necessity of the recovery process,
and it is associated to a series of tasks that assure that the recovery stays in
March.
1. Transition: In this stage the basic task is to allow going the control necessity
on the use, either of substances, in the chemical addictions, or of addictive
behaviors in the behavioral ones.
2. Stabilization: In this phase the whole energy is focused in recovering of the
harmful effects that the compulsive use has had about the person's life in
recovery.
3. Early Recovery: In this phase the first internal changes take place, of
thought, feelings and attitude with regard to the use.
4. Half Recovery: Here the external changes take place. The repair of the
lifestyle damaged by the addiction and the development of a healthier and
balanced lifestyle.
5. Advanced Recovery: This stage this defined one for the overcoming of the
emotional matters and pending relatives that come from the upbringing,
childhood and adolescence.
6. Maintenance: This stage is based on the capacity to maintain a balanced life
and a personal continuous growth.
All these stages overcome some to other and an exact definition that separates
some of other, doesn't really exist but they work to be able to be located in the
pertinent tasks to the moment that one lives in the recovery.
The Relapse Process
The addiction, as chronic illness is associated with a natural tendency to the
relapse. That doesn't mean that it is unavoidable or appropriate to have relapses,
but rather they are a reality, and the best form of preventing them, it is accepting
the risk and knowing the process of the relapse well, also syndrome called relapse.
One of the most common misconceptions is that relapse is just around the use.
Although this is partially certain, in fact is called relapse to the whole process (1)
that takes from a state of sustained abstinence (2), until the consumption or active

DRUGS PAGE 19
addiction (3). This process happens throughout the time (4) and it is manifested
like a series of symptoms or changes that are in fact regressions to the old
behavior patterns and thought that had already been overcome.
Usually this process this formed by risky small decisions (5) that the person takes,
and that, connected some with other, go taking to build the one on the way to the
relapse. These small decisions, calls also "decisions of relative" risk (5), they are
seemingly without importance, but their effect is accumulative and they go taking to
the addict toward a situation impossible to resist (7), where it will be unavoidable
the use, because the susceptibility margins are surpassed. An imaginary line, or
no-return line exists (6) after which is not possible to give it goes behind to the
search behavior and the use is imminent. Even this way in the transition area
among the line of I don't return and the use, the relapse is primarily behavioral and
of attitude, without has still happened the use.
Definition of the Relapse
The relapse is defined as the setback process to the behavior patterns and typical
thought of the active addiction that had been overcome already, and that finally
they take from turn to the use, going back until arriving from turn to the state of
addictive illness that existed before beginning the recovery.
To be able to speak of relapse a person it should have been previously in recovery,
that is to say abstinent and with behavior changes, for a significant period of time.
For the simple one made of not having used for a while, using again, it is not
necessarily a relapse. It could be about alternating consumption episodes, in a
period of active addiction.
Although a relapse can be dangerous and it is translated finally in suffering and
loss of time and energy, the relapses are sometimes also periods of learning, for a
person that wants to recover. In spite of aware of their problem being and of having
good disposition for the recovery, an addict can relapse, but it manages the
situations of risk well or he neglects his process of changes. After a relapse it is but
probable that the addict this clearer one in that you sew has been making bad. It is
not even this way necessary to relapse to be able to learn or to advance in the
recovery.
Symptoms of a Relapse
A person in recovery can begin to show symptoms of a relapse a lot before the
consumption. To be able to identify these symptoms and to treat those on time can
help to prevent a relapse:

DRUGS PAGE 20
1. I return of the obsessive thought with regard to the use: They could be
relative thoughts to the use, dreams or desires of using that they return
after they had disappeared.
2. Challenge attitude with regard to the recovery plan: To return to the
places of risk, see people related with the use again.
3. Neglect the recovery plan: To stop to go to meetings, or to miss
appointments with the therapist, to stop to read or to exercise.
4. Isolation or contact loss: with the new recovery relationships.
5. Irritability: especially in the addict's significant relationships.
6. Obsession with the image or the physical defects: excessive diets,
excessive concern about the weight.
7. Depression feelings and floating anxiety: emotional uncomfortable
states that are not necessarily related with any external event happen.
8. Reborn or the resentments are exalted toward other people.
9. Frequent discussions in the home and the family.
10. Defensiveness to talk about his recovery or to be fed back.
11. Insomnia, uneasiness and difficulty to rest.
12. Preoccupation obsessive for the money and for the financial security.
These are alone some of the symptoms related to the syndrome of the relapse.
Each person is different and therefore will show typical symptoms, but in general is
markedly notable the presence and evolution of this syndrome. One of the
paradoxes of the relapse is that while but marked they are the symptoms, less
capacity has the addict to be able to accept the constructive critics of people that
surround it, and that they could worry about the possibility of a relapse.
OVERDOSE
What is an overdose?
The overdose is a natural reaction of the body in front of an excess of drugs, or a
combination of them. When that happens, your body loses the capacity to tolerate
the drug: you lose the knowledge, you stop to breathe, for the heart or you have
convulsions. All these things can cause you the death. But the overdose doesn't
have why to be mortal!
Any person that uses drugs can suffer an overdose: both those who use them for
the first time who have used them for long.
There are many factors that can cause an overdose, and many of them don't have
to do with the drugs. The problems of health, the depression or the lack of self-
esteem, lack of appropriate housing, the illegality or the shortage of drugs and the
lack of syringes don't have an immediate solution. It is important to recognize the

DRUGS PAGE 21
existence of these problems and to think how and why you use them. This can lead
to a less dangerous use of the drugs. This pamphlet is about simple measures to
reduce the risk of an overdose. Also explains what one can make to save the life
of somebody that has taken an excessive dose of drug.
As it happen the overdose
The cause more common of death for overdose is the mixture of drugs (as heroine,
pills and alcohol). The drugs that take their effects jointly can increase. The
sedative or depressive (drugs that calm down), increase the risk of to lose the
knowledge and to stop to breathe. The stimulants (drugs that hurry and they
excite), the risk of convulsions or attacks increase to the heart.
• Avoid mixing the drugs that have the same effects, as the heroine with other
depressive (for example, alcohol, Xanax or clonopina) ones or cocaine with other
stimulants (for example, amphetamines and ecstasy).
If you plan to drink alcohol and also to use heroine, it uses smaller quantities, it
uses the heroine and wait first before drinking. If you use heroine first and then you
drink throughout several hours, your body has the opportunity to eliminate part of
the heroine before begin the effects of the alcohol. Also, you will have the clear
mind to measure heroine's dose. (The same thing happens with the sedative or
depressive).
Tolerance has much to do with the overdose. When using a drug for the first time,
your body is not used to it. If you stop using drugs for a while, were you in jail or in
a detoxification program your tolerance low and your body can not tolerate the
same amount as tolerated?
 Although no drug use or just for a few days, your body can react to them as
the first time that did you use. By measuring your dose takes into
consideration if your health has deteriorated or has lost weight. Decrease
the dose.
 It uses the drug so that makes you more slowly effect, for example, aspiring
heroine or cocaine instead of injecting you.
 It uses your drugs in a person's company that knows what to make in case
you lose the knowledge. If you are alone, warn to a friendship so that it is
pending of you.
 Learn as much about the drugs you plan to use, you may now be stronger
than the last time I used them.

DRUGS PAGE 22
 Care if you will use a new drug, because it is difficult to determine the
appropriate dose. Use it in a person's company that has had experience
with that drug.
Consuming too much drug in a short time can cause you an overdose, since the
drugs accumulate in the body.
 Hopes the drug makes you effect before using more. You could saturate to
your organism if doesn't give enough time.
 Buy only what you will use. If you buy but of what you will use, it is about
hiding the excess in some side, for example, with a friend that is not user.
 It is about controlling the quantity that you use. While but you use, the
quantity of drugs increases in your body.
 You control the preparation and the administration, you are the only one that
you know how much you can tolerate.
The control of the quality doesn't exist for the illicit drugs. Especially if you buy of a
different salesperson every day, you never know what you are buying. The purity of
the drugs that are sold in the street varies day by day. Often, they mix them with
other cheaper drugs that can be dangerous.
 Examine or buy all the drugs.
 If you have doubts on what you have just bought, and in general you inject
yourself, first aspire a little. Or otherwise:
 Inject you a small quantity to see how powerful it is the drug that you
bought.
 If you got something particularly strong, tell your friends. If you obtain your
needles in a program of exchange of syringes, ask them to notice people
putting an announcement about the danger that is causing that drug.
 It is about buying to a salesperson regularly in which you can trust. Speaks
with other buyers and asks them about the quality of the product.
The changes of health can place you in overdose risk. To be sick or to get off
weight affects your tolerance and the capacity of your body to be adjusted to the
drug.
 It uses less quantity when you are sick or recovering of an illness.
 If you have gotten off weight it uses less to determine how much you
need.
 In general the women weigh less than the men. If you are woman and
you will use drugs with a man, make sure that this one took into account
when the dose is measured for you.

DRUGS PAGE 23
 Take care, eats and sleeps well, drinks abundant quantities of fruit juices
and it dilutes, and it visits the doctor at least once a year.
Consuming to alone the probability of a mortal overdose increases, because there
is not anybody that is in charge of you when you lose the knowledge. It is about
consuming in people of trust company, and talks with them about a plan in the
event of overdose (see below).
 It organizes a support system with people that know that you use drugs.
When you plan to use them to alone, leave it to him to taste like this people
of trust and ask them to be in charge of watching over you.
 If you are alone and that will suffer an overdose, calls at the 911 or one of
your friendships, while you can make it.
 If you use drugs too alone you don't put the insurance to the door, so that
the paramedics or your friends can enter in the event of being necessary.
 Thinking each step well when using drugs can decrease the probabilities of
having an overdose and the errors that cause the same one can diminish.
TYPES OF DRUGS
COCAINE
It is a contained alkaloid in the leaves of the bush "Erythroxylon coca" being
chemically a derived of the latropina. It is a cerebral extremely potent stimulant, of
similar effects to the amphetamines. Also is an energetic vasoconstrictor and local
anesthetic, being absorbed by the mucous ones nasal when it aspires it to him, it is
metabolized in the liver and it is eliminated by the urine. In the decade of 1980, the
experiments on consumption patterns and quantities certified their effects on the
adrenaline, very related with the aggressiveness. The consumption of this
substance is related closely with criminal facts and of violence.
In the two útimas decades there was an enormous increment in the quantity from
addicted people to the cocaine, standing out you like significant fact the
simultaneous addiction to other substances. The consequences of their
consumption are complex, involving damages of very diverse nature: cerebral,
social, family, environmental, etc.
The cocaine stimulates the nervous central system, acting directly on the brain.
Their physiologic immediate effects are: sweating, increase in the muscular power,
mydriasis, increment of heart activity and sanguine pressure, dilation of the
sanguine outlying glasses, convulsions, and increase in the breathing rhythm and
of the corporal temperature. These symptoms can provoke the death for heart
unemployment or breathing flaws. They also show up irritations and ulcers in the

DRUGS PAGE 24
mucous one nasal. Commonly it causes nasal congestion that can show up or not
with secretion it liquidates.
The use for via injectable it exposes the addict to infections of AIDS, hepatitis B
and C, tetanus and other illnesses infectious. The infection with the HIV can take
place for direct transmission of virus when sharing needles and other polluted
devices. Also, it can take place indirectly for prenatal transmission to a boy whose
mother is infected with the HIV. The use and abuse of illicit drugs, including the
crack and the cocaine, has transformed into the main factor of infection risk with
the virus HIV. Added it, the hepatitis C is spreading quickly among the addicts that
are injected; the infection index varies between the 65 and 90 percent in this group
of people, according to the country. Until today, has not been discovered a vaccine
against the virus of the hepatitis C, and the available only treatment is expensive,
many fruitless times and with collateral serious effects.
The cocaine is an extremely addictive drug whose effects are perceived in a lapse
of 10 seconds and they last around 20 minutes. It acts directly on the cerebral
centers in charge of the sensations of the pleasure. Given their high capacity to
produce damages and until cellular destruction, the sensations that were pleasant
in recently initiate fellows transform into unpleasant effects as agitation, cry,
irritability, visual, auditory and tactile type hallucinations, paranoid delirium,
amnesia, confusion, phobias or limitless terror, anxiety, stupor, serious depression
and suicidal tendencies. The psychic effects recognized by most of the authors and
picked up in recent publications they include euphoria, uncertainty, increase of the
verbal communication and of the security in oneself, restlessness, anorexy,
insomnia and hypomania.
The addict experiences loss of interest and impossibility of feeling pleasure before
the lack of the substance. This way, the cocaine transforms into the only objective
and reason in the addict's life, displacing all type of feelings. The relationship with
the criminal phenomena is specifically mentioned by the authors, associating its
consumption to the bias to the crime.
Cocaine is consumed by many different types of subjects and motifs. Consumers
are subject to occasional weak and unstable personalities who develop
psychological dependence quick. The cocaine has conditions that trigger that may
be the strengthening of an insecure personality, which receives support in
stimulating toxic. Instead of treating this pathological deficit or antidepressant drugs
mood stabilizers are used to track fast apparently. The usual addicts are tolerant
and require higher doses to achieve the same results. To this can be reached for
various reasons but always related to family factors, social and environmental
determinants.

DRUGS PAGE 25
Since the effects of cocaine exceeded its peak at thirty minutes, the individual
requires several doses throughout the day to achieve some emotional stability and
avoid dysphonic effect that causes the drug itself after several hours of ingestion.
HEROINE
The heroine is an addictive drug whose use constitutes a serious problem in the
United States. Recent studies suggest that there has been a change in the form in
that the heroine is used, passing of being injected it to inhale it or to smoke it,
because now a heroine of more purity is gotten and that prevails the erroneous
concept that these employment forms are safer.
The heroine is a derived of the morphine, a substance that happens naturally and
is extracted of the acorn of the poppy or Asian poppy. The heroine generally
appears in form of white or brown powder. The street names related with this drug
include "pasta", "H", white" "lady, white" "powder and "lenguazo" in Spanish and
"smack", "H", "skag", and "junk" in English. Other names refer to heroine's type
taken place in a geographical specific area, as "Mexican black tar (black "Mexican
tar")."
Dangers for the health
The heroine's abuse is associated with serious consequences for the health,
including the mortal overdose, the spontaneous abortion, and the occlusion of the
veins and, particularly in the case of the users that inject it to him, infectious
illnesses, including the HIV / AIDS and the hepatitis.
The short term effects of the heroine's abuse appear soon after of the first dose
and they disappear in some few hours. After heroine's injection, the user says to
feel a bud of euphoria (a "rush") accompanied by a warm flushing of the skin, dry
mouth and heaviness in the extremities. After this initial euphoria, the user passes
to a sensation of being flying ("on the nod"), a state in that it is alternated among
being totally awake and the sleepiness. The mental abilities are upset due to the
depression of the nervous central system. The heroine's long term effects appear
after having used the drug repeatedly for some period of time. The chronic users
can suffer occlusion of the veins, infection of the endocardium and of the valves of
the heart, abscesses, cellulitis, and illnesses of the liver. They can have lung
complications that include several pneumonia types as a result of the not well state
of health of the junkie one, as well as for the heroine's effects depressors on the
breathing.
The heroine's abuse during the pregnancy jointly with their related (for example,
the lack of prenatal cares) many environmental factors, has been related to

DRUGS PAGE 26
adverse consequences including a first floor weight when being born, a factor of
important risk for subsequent delays in the development.
Besides the effects of the same drug, the heroine that is sold in the street can have
preservatives that are not dissolved easily and they cause an obstruction in the
sanguine glasses that go to the lungs, to the liver, to the kidneys or the brain. This
can cause infection or until the death of small groups of cells in these vital organs.
The Net of Alert about the Abuse of Drugs (DAWN, for their initials in English) * it
registers the heroine / morphine among the four drugs mentioned with more
frequency in the cases of deaths related to drugs in the one 2002. In the whole
country, the mentions of visits to the emergency rooms related with the heroine
stayed without statistical change among the 2001 at the 2002, but they have
increased 35 percent from 1995.
The tolerance, the addiction and the abstinence
The heroine's regular use produces tolerance to the drug, what means that the
user has to use a bigger quantity of heroine to obtain the same intensity of the
effect. This use of higher dose takes with the time to the physical dependence and
the addiction. With the physical dependence, the body adapts to the presence of
the drug and it can suffer the symptoms of the syndrome of abstinence if the use
decreases or discontinued.
The syndrome of abstinence that in the abusive ones habitual it can happen as
quick as at the few hours of the last administration of the drug, it provokes a
vehement desire to use heroine, agitation, pains in the muscles and in the bones,
insomnia, diarrhea, vomit, chills with hen ("cold turkey" or to "break in cold") skin,
movements in form of kicks ("kicking the habit") and other symptoms. The main
symptoms of this syndrome reach their maximum point between the 48 and 72
hours after the last dose and they calm down after approximately one week.
Although the syndrome of abstinence of the heroine is considered less dangerous
than that of the alcohol or that of the barbiturates, occasionally it can be mortal
when a junkie one with a strong dependence to the drug and in not well state of
health leaves it abruptly.
MARIHUNA
The cannabis sativa is a wild bush that grows in temperate and tropical areas,
being able to arrive a height six meters, being extracted of its resin the hashish.
Their more outstanding component psychoactive is the delta-9-
tetrahidrocannabinol (delta-9-THC), containing the plant more than sixty related
components. Wastes away preferably puff of smoke, although they can be carried

DRUGS PAGE 27
out infusions, with different effects. A cigarette of marijuana can contain 150 mg. of
THC, and to arrive until twice as much if it contains oil of hashish, that which can
take to the syndrome of abstinence according to some authors if wastes away
between 10 and 20 days. The tolerance is credited, being crossed when wastes
away jointly with opiate and alcohol. Regarding the dependence, it is considered
primarily psychic. The characteristic symptoms of the intoxication are: anxiety,
irritability, tremors, insomnias, very similar to those of the benzodiazepines.
It can show up in different consumption modalities, be in leaves that are smoked
directly, in resin of the bush or in removed oil of this last. Of the modality in that
shows up the drug their denomination it will depend: "marijuana" is the name of the
leaves of the crumbled hemp that after drying off and to be treated can be smoked
(it is also known as "grass", "marijuana", marijuana", "speck", "mafú", "grass",
"maría", "mount", "moy", "coffee", "chocolate", "chala", etc.; in English knows it to
him as: "pot", "herb", "grass", "weed", "Mary Jane", "reefer", "skunk", "boom",
"gangster", "kif", "ganja", etc.); their effect is approximately five times minor that
that of the hashish. The name "hashish" derives (also well-known as "hashis") of
the (hashiscins) Arabs that combatted in the crusades among the years 1090 and
1256. The hashish is obtained of the inflorescence of the female hemp, resinous
substance that shows up in form of compact sheets with a characteristic scent. The
marijuana is the most frequent form, containing from 0,3 to 3,5% of THC; the
concentration of THC arrives to 10% in the hashish, being its diverse effect
according to factors like the speed with which one smokes, the duration of the
inhalation, inhaled quantity, time that the consumer retains the breathing after
inhaling and the fellow's psychic state. The oral consumption, so much of
marijuana as of hashish, it implies psychological similar effects to those expressed
in the smoked form but of bigger intensity and duration and with noxious developed
effects.
Therapeutically sought advice for insomnia treatments and as sedative for the pain.
It was also prescribed for therapies of nervous pathologies, as well as for the
treatment of the cough, tremors in compulsive paralysis, bladder spasms and
sexual impotence that it doesn't come from organic illness. Likewise it was
recommended as aphrodisiac, antineuralgic, tranquilizer for maniac-depressive,
antihysteric, tonic cerebral, I remedy for the nervous vomit, epilepsy and nervous
illnesses. These recommendations were dissuaded later on unanimously by the
medicine, being at the present time only in study the legalization of a derived
pharmacy of this substance to mitigate the pains in sick cancerous. This
therapeutic employment has created deep polemic. At the present time, the
scientists sustain that the marijuana cannot be considered medication in none in
the ways in that it is consumed by the addicts. When treating their possible use as

DRUGS PAGE 28
medication, is distinguished between the marijuana and pure THC and other
specific derived chemists of the cannabis. The pure marijuana contains hundred of
chemical, extremely harmful some of them to the health. THC in pill form for oral (it
is not smoked) consumption could be used in the treatment of the side effects (you
nauseate and vomit) effects in some treatments against the cancer. Another
chemist related with THC (nabilone) has been authorized by "Food and Drug
Administration" of United States for the treatment of the cancer sick persons that
suffer nauseas. In their oral form, THC is also used in sick of AIDS, because it
helps them to eat well and to maintain its weight. The scientists study the
possibility that THC and other chemists related with the marijuana have certain
medicinal values. Some think that these chemists could be used in the treatment of
the severe pain, but it is necessary to have more evidence before using them for
the treatment of medical problems.
The available modalities of marijuana to the youths are more potent than those that
existed in the decade of the'60. He owes it to that the secret laboratories of the
traffickers have been able to carry out changes at genetic level in the cannabis
sophisticated mediating biotechnology methods, being in a bigger concentration of
THC. The power of the drug is measured according to the quantity average of THC
that is in the samples of marijuana that confiscate the police agencies. The
common marijuana contains an average of 3, 5% of THC. The hashish (gummy
resin of the flowers of the female plants) can have until 28% of THC. The oil of
hashish, a resinous liquid and I thicken that is distilled of the hashish, has an
average of 16% of THC, but can end up having up to 43%.
HASHISH
It is elaborated pressing the resin of the plant female cannabis. As this vegetable in
fact concentrates their active ingredients on the resin, the content of THC of a dose
of hashish is superior to the one of one of marijuana without to process that is
located in little more than 10%.
The cannabis oil or of hashish it is obtained mixing the resin of the plant with some
solvent as nail polish remover, alcohol or gasoline. Of this, a certain one leaves
evaporates, giving place to a viscous mixture whose proportions of THC are very
high (until 50%).
The techniques applied to improve the cultivations of marijuana make that today
contained THC in these plants is much more powerful that in previous decades. To
this sinks that, at the present time, most of the marijuana that the traffickers sell
comes pressed with chemical solvent preservatives as kerosene or benzene, what
produces more severe damages.

DRUGS PAGE 29
Other denominations: Hash, chocolate.
Aspect
The hashish has the aspect of a bar of pressed mud, of brown very dark color, as
the chocolate. Occasionally, shows up in pills.
Administration road
As much the Marijuana as the Hashish are inhaled and they ingest. The marijuana
is generally smoked, in cigarettes made by hand or in specially designed
(sometimes with canes long or small deposits of water to cool the fume that usually
reaches high temperatures) pipes. Also eats up (in cakes or cookies). The hashish
is smoked blended with tobacco.
Effects / Risks
The effects are of quick appearance and they vary according to the dose, the
cannabis type and the individual's psychic and physical state that it consummates
it.
Immediate effects:
Initially, low dose can produce pleasant sensations of calm and well-being,
increase of the appetite, euphoria, desinhibición, concentration loss, decreased
reflexes, like talking and laughing, red eyes,, acceleration of the heart rhythm,
dryness in the mouth and throat, difficulty to execute mental complex (to surrender
an exam, for example) processes, alterations of the temporary and sensorial
perception, and it can diminish the short term memory. To it continues to a second
depression phase and drowsiness.
In high dose, it can provoke confusion, lethargy, excitement, anxiety, altered
perception of the reality and, of more unusual way, wonderful states and
hallucinations.
Long term:
It highlights the very discussed "syndrome amotivational ", (decrease of the
personal initiative) together to a frequent drop of the concentration capacity and
memorization.
The chemical structure of the cannabis is very complex and the sequels taken
place by all their components are not still known. Yes one can affirm that the fume
of this plant contains carcinogens more agents than the tobacco, and as the
smokers of marijuana or hashish they inhale the fume deeply without filtering and

DRUGS PAGE 30
they retain it in the lungs so much time as they can, the cannabis is still more
noxious for the breathing system than the tobacco. Their use has also associated
to the appearance of illnesses like sinusitis and bronchitis.
We can also, to cause alterations in the reproductive masculine and feminine
(infertility, for example) and immunologic systems, and as THC it crosses the
barrier and mammary, their consumption supposes a risk for the fetus as much
during the pregnancy and lactation.
It can generate tolerance and dependence, with the consequent syndrome of
abstinence (link to page where it is explained) in case it is suspended the use of
the drug abruptly. This becomes in anxiety, insomnia, irritability, depression and
anorexia, among other symptoms.
It is proven the potential of cannabis as a trigger of psychosis and delusions and
hallucinations boxes in people at risk.
Not all cannabis user will necessarily experience with other more dangerous
substances, but the risk exists.
Also, it is the danger of to condition or to limit the possibilities to live free and
autonomously the personal development in the adolescents.
Also believe a psychological dependence: the user feels like the drug for his
effects.
ECSTASY
The metilendioximetanfetamina (MDMA) (also well-known as "ecstasy", "ectasi",
"XTC", "chalk", "glass", "X", etc.) is a drug synthetic psychoactive with
hallucinogenic properties of moving great potential and psychological agitator, with
similar effects to the amphetamines. It is a dangerous drug in end for their
properties neurotoxic and high addiction, affecting to diverse areas of the nervous
central system. Their production is carried out in secret laboratories starting from
matters cousins relatively easy of getting. Of white color, without scent but with
bitter flavor, shows up in form of tablets, capsules or powdered crystalline that is
dissolved in liquids, being able to be drunk, ingested or injected. Their consumers
are mainly young adults that look for in her a stimulant that takes them to dance
during extensive periods of time (hence it usually denominates them to him "disk-
drugs", "club-drugs", "dance-drugs", etc.). During the years sixty were used with
therapeutic ends since according to certain sectors of the psychiatry helped to the
communication and the treatment of phobic neurosis Then came the controversial
medical - legal, attributing to their consumption impacts on crime,, for that finally
was illegalized.

DRUGS PAGE 31
The ecstasy produces potential great agitator's whose duration fluctuates between
the 3 and the 6 hours from its consumption psychic effects. Initially the fellow
experiences sensations of trust and excitement, to those that it follows a
hyperactivity state. The effects of the stimulant are diluted provoking psychological
dysfunctions, confusion, problems with the dream (nightmares, insomnia), loss by
heart, I want uncontrollable of consuming drugs, depression, violence, serious
anxiety, psychosis and paranoia again. These effects even show up after several
weeks of the consumption. Serious cases of psychosis were also informed. Among
the physical symptoms they make an appointment: hiperpnea, tachycardia,
anorexia, tension and muscular similar dysfunctions to the present in the illness of
Parkinson, bruxism, nauseas, blurred vision, nystagmus, fainting, chills and
excessive sweating, characteristic sign during the intoxication. It has been proven
that the increase of the heart frequency and the arterial tension is causal of heart
attacks and other dysfunctions cardiovascular. Forensic reports indicate that it is
causal of sudden death. The Hyperactivity carries, besides the heart problems,
hyperthermia, dehydration and renal flaws.
The investigations demonstrate that MDMA destroys the neurons serotonin
producers that regulate the aggression directly, the state of spirit, the sexual
activity, the dream and the sensibility to the pain. It is probable that this action on
the system producing of serotonin is the origin of the psychic properties. MDMA
also keeps relationship in its structure and its effects with the methamphetamine,
which has proven to cause degeneration of neurons containing the
neurotransmitter substance dopamine.
In laboratory experiments, a single exhibition to the methamphetamine in high dose
or the use prolonged in low dose destroys until 50% of the cerebral cells. Although
this damage is not immediately apparent, the scientific studies show that with the
aging or the exhibition to other toxics symptoms of the illness of Parkinson can
appear. These begin with coordination lack and tremors and to the long one they
can cause a paralysis form.
CRAK
The crack is the popular name of the product that is obtained transforming the
hydrochloride of cocaine into glasses or "rocks" by means of a chemical simple
process.
Instead of using the most volatile method in treatment of cocaine with ether, the
crack is manipulated with ammonia or bicarbonate of sodium and it dilutes, it mixes
that it is exposed to the fire to retire the hydrochloride the substance that is - similar

DRUGS PAGE 32
to the cocaine - it can be smoked. With this procedure a similar substance takes
place to the cocaine that can be smoked.
The term crack refers to the crack that one hears when the mixture warms,
phenomenon in which mainly the bicarbonate of sodium would intervene.
Other denominations: Rock, glass, baseball, Mrs. White, white snows, champagne,
sugar.
It points out historical
The crack is considered a highly addictive drug. Their appearance is a recent
phenomenon. In 1985, daily The New York Time mentioned "a new form of drug
called crack" for the first time. One year later, this same publication affirmed that
the crack was the biggest news after Vietnam and the North American former
president's fall Richard Nixon. Other media ended up comparing the dispersion of
this drug with the plagues that decimated the European population in the middle
Ages.
During good part of the decade of the 80, the drug dealers of San Francisco's bay,
United States, sold tons from this drug to the gangs of the streets of The Angel. By
means of the crack traffic, the street bands were able to obtain the money and the
necessary connections to buy automatic weapons and to be made of the
necessary infrastructure to sustain their illicit business. With this phenomenon it
was that the first connection opened up for the most part between the posters of
the Colombian drug and the neighborhoods black of Los Angeles, city well-known
today like the world capital of the crack.
Aspect
The crack shows up in form of crystalline rocks of white or yellowish color.
Administration road
The crack is smoked and its consumers usually make it in glass pipes.
Effects and Risks
Immediate effects
Euphoria.
Stimulation of the nervous central system.
Anxiety.
Fear.
Depression.
Apathy.

DRUGS PAGE 33
It anguishes.
In pregnant women, it can provoke deterioration of the fetus, to slow their
growth in the uterus and premature childbirth, among other complications.
Mouth dryness
Sensation of ardor in the eyes
Sweating
Throbs
Headache
Muscular contractions
I increase in the reflections.
Dilation of the pupils
Long term effects
Irritability
Insomnia
Loss of weight
Hypertension
Heart arrhythmia
Tremors
Sexual indifference
Chronic accesses of cough.
Paranoia
Visual miniaturized perceptions.
Lung infections
In pregnant women it can provoke fetal deterioration, I slow in the uterine
growth, and I leave premature and other complications.
AMPHETAMINES
The consumption of this exciting one is broadly extended and distributed by all the
social classes. Contrary to what happens to the cocaine that consume it preferably
the sectors means and high, the amphetamines are consumed so much by
executives that seek overexcitement like for housewives that look for an anorexic
for their diets or for students that prepare exams. When impacting in the system
orthosympathetic they cause hypertension, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, mydriasis,
peripheral vasodilation, hyperpnoea, hyperoxia, etc. The state of the addict's spirit
oscillates between the dystrophy and the hypomania, showing up anxiety,
insomnia, migraine, tremors and vertigo. May appear paranoid depressive
syndromes and amphetamine.

DRUGS PAGE 34
A normal dose, its effects vary by individual and intake conditions. They can
produce pleasant effects, , hyperactivity and overflowing sensation of energy, but
they also cause tremor, anxiety irritability, unmotivated and sudden anger,
dysfunctions amnesiacs and incoherence. In the last phase depression, paranoid
squares and paranoid deliriums, hallucinations and behavior dysfunctions are
described. The consumption of amphetamines can lead to aggressive
performances, the same as the barbiturates and the alcohol, for its great euphoric
effect, coupled with a lack of control in the inhibitory instincts.
Such situations take place when the given doses, usually intravenously over 2 gr.
A bigger potential is demonstrated in the amphetamines that in the cocaine, so
much in its more algid point as in the duration of the effects. React very serious
they take place when consuming them with barbiturates in the well-known
phenomenon of the pluritoxicomanía. Taken in important dose they are causing of
confusion, tension, sharp anxiety and fear. Can also precipitate paranoid
psychosis in no psychotic subject. The psychosis Amphetamine developed by the
fellow resembles each other to the paranoiac psychosis and the paranoiac
schizophrenia.
INHALING
Inside this group of substances they can make an appointment:
1) Adhesives: lines, toluene, xileno, nail polish remover, benzols, benzaldehido
2) aerosol-sprays-gases: propellant gases, nitrous oxide
3) Plastic cements: hexane
4) You pay of paintings and related: petroleum, butane, turpentine, paint
thinner
5) Liquids for cleaning: xileno, benzol, ether of petroleum
6) Anesthetics: ethylic pure ether
7) Fuels: gasoline, naphthas
8) Thinner: halogenated hydrocarbons
9) Vasodilators: amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite, and many others
The consumption of these substances presents sanitary serious problems. Their
consumers are mainly marginal, especially children, although the addiction is also
given with relative frequency in certain professional groups. The most frequent
ages in the chronic use of inhaling are at the beginning or at the end of the
adolescence. This owes you partly to the invitation or pressure on the part of the
school partners and friends, curiosity and ignorance of the toxic effects and
personal insecurity. The most important thing is the ignorance of the problem in the
house and the negation of the parents that their children can have this problem.

DRUGS PAGE 35
The reasons of the consumption are due to the curiosity, boredom, and lack of
stimuli, eradication and lack of ownership. In the case of the professionals, the
habitual contact with the substances can create an involuntary addiction; the
voluntary addiction is less frequent, although not exceptional. These products are
generally easy to obtain and they are within reach of the addict, they are very
cheap, and they don't specify of instruments for their use. Also, it is not necessary
to contact a criminal to obtain them. Their use can be made in any place, they are
easy to hide and difficult to detect. Another very important factor is the ignorance of
the consequences and dangers of its use.
These substances waste away in rural certain areas, I eat likewise in marginal
atmospheres or of low resources, where they are from the few drugs to those that
has easy access. It increases it the problem of a legal substance that is used in an
incorrect way. The addiction to these substances is the previous step to other
drugs, taking irreversible situations. This is usually ignored as much for the family
as for the social environment, as these substances go unnoticed and are not
related to addictions. There are three big groups of consumers: 1) children and
excluded populations' adolescents that they consume in group; 2) adults that
consent to the chemist for their profession or for association with people's groups
with similar habits; 3) marginal adults that inhale the substances the same as the
children, but in solitary. The family aspect is decisive to understand the
phenomenon, there being you verified how the inhalers also present problems with
the alcohol, being of a class half social drop and low, and with problems of family
abandonment.
TOBACCO
The addiction to the derived products of the tobacco is the most extended. Their
cultural acceptance considers in the first place to its consumption like a source of
pleasure and in second as a simple bad habit or bad habit. It has been determined
that the cigarettes and other products of tobacco, such as pure cigarettes, tobacco
for pipe or snuff (powdered), they are addictive and that the nicotine is the drug of
the causing tobacco of addiction. Also, it is known that the smoking is an important
one causal of heart accidents and cerebrovascula, and it occupies the first places
among the factors that provoke cancer. The nicotine provokes one of the most
potent addictions, developing in the smoker a group of signs and symptoms
denominated syndrome nicotinic. To bigger quantity of signs or symptoms present,
bigger percentage of possibilities of being in front of an addicted nicotinómano.
 Nicotinic Syndrome: signs and addiction symptoms to the nicotine
 High consumption newspaper of cigarettes (15 or more per day)

DRUGS PAGE 36
 To smoke cigarettes with high proportion of nicotine, dissatisfaction or
increase from the consumption when changing to "soft" or "ligths"
 Deep inhalation of the fume.
 To smoke from the first hours of the day, or until the previous moment to the
dream
 To suffer compulsion smoking: not to support some few hours without
smoking; to interrupt other tasks or entertainments to smoke or to buy
cigarettes.
The nicotine is an extremely addictive alkaloid that acts as stimulant and sedative
of the nervous central system. Their ingestion has an almost immediate stimulus
as a result because it produces a discharge of epinephrine of the suprarenal bark.
This stimulates the nervous central system and some endocrine glands, what
causes the sudden liberation of glucose. The stimulus goes followed by depression
and it tires, situation that takes to the junkie one to look for more nicotine. The
nicotine is absorbed with easiness of the fume of the tobacco in the lungs and it
doesn't care if this fume comes from cigarettes or of pure. It is also absorbed easily
when one chews the tobacco. With the regular use, they accumulate
concentrations of nicotine in the body during the day that persist during the night.
Therefore, people that smoke cigarettes to newspaper are exposed to the effects
of the nicotine 24 hours a day. The nicotine absorbed when smoking cigarettes or
cigars only takes seconds in arriving to the brain, but a direct effect in the body
until for 30 minutes.
The studies have shown that the nervous tension and the anxiety affect the
tolerance to the nicotine and her dependence. The hormone taken place by the
nervous tension or corticosterone reduces the effects of the nicotine, making
necessary to consume bigger quantities to achieve the same effect. This increases
the tolerance and it takes to a bigger dependence. It has been demonstrated
scientifically that the tension can be the direct cause from a relapse to the self-
administration of nicotine after a period of abstinence. This addiction produces
symptoms of abstinence when a person is about stopping to smoke. Some reports
indicate that when it is deprived of cigarettes during 24 hours to habitual smokers,
it increases their anger and hostility, arriving to physical or psychic aggressions,
and it diminishes the aptitude of social cooperation. People that suffer of
abstinence also need more time to recover their emotional balance after the
nervous tension. During the periods of abstinence or of longings of consuming
nicotine, the smokers have shown reduction of a great quantity of functions
psychomotor and cognitive, I eat the understanding of the language for example.
The behavior studies in adolescents explain how the social influences, for example
to observe adults and partners smoking, they influence in the adolescent's decision

DRUGS PAGE 37
of beginning to smoke cigarettes or not. It has also shown that the adolescents are
usually resistant to many types of messages against the tobacco.
Additionally, the problems affect at third that inhale the environmental fume of the
tobacco (passive smokers). It has been demonstrated that this fume causes lung
cancer and they increase the cases of asthmatic attacks, infections
cardiorespiratory and sudden death significantly.
ALCOHOL
The causes of the alcoholism are very varied, there not being agreement scientist
on this aspect. The cultural and biological-genetic factors explain great part of the
pathology. This addiction affects to all the social classes, for what is not acceptable
a theory that assists to the character sociocultural first floor as factor predisposing
to the addiction, since in the high classes the consumption is extensive. Regarding
the level of education is clear that lack of education and culture conditions the
addiction, but of all the drugs. It cannot attribute him and unique explanation of the
Addiction, since they influence social problems so varied as the crime, the family
problems, the unemployment or the health. The addiction to the alcohol possesses
cultural important aspects from the moment in that the consumption is licit and the
minors, in spite of the prohibitions, don't have problem to consume it. The publicity
and the permissibility increase the number of consumers.
The alcoholic's profile etiology was made in diverse ways, assisting to biological,
sociocultural, economic, environmental and psychological theories. The dynamic
theories and psychopathological understand that the alcoholics arrive to the
addiction conditioned by a previous pathology that unchain the phenomenon
together to environmental situations. The family environment can be decisive:
before the family distorted situation the fellow erects psychological defenses
against the anxiety. On the other hand, the minors spread to follow the example of
their adults. Other reasons of the alcoholism are the escape desires and of self-
destruction, dice the great number of suicides that presents this illness.
Important progress has been achieved in the understanding from the genetic bias
to the alcoholism. Studies made on twins and siblings twins indicate that there is
more than a gene responsible for this bias. The investigations have not deciphered
the form in that the genes act exactly; it is still ignored if the genes are specifically
decisive of the alcoholism, or if more generally interact on temperament increasing
vulnerability. The success in the discovery of the genes involved in the bias to the
alcoholism would help to recognize the vulnerable individuals, and would also help
to prevent and to develop treatments against the alcoholism.

DRUGS PAGE 38
The effects of the alcohol are immediate because it is absorbed almost instantly,
passing directly to the sanguine torrent. When arriving to the brain, it narcotizes the
neurons hindering first and impeding the communication then among them. This
takes place in first term in the regions of the brain in charge of the reasoning and
other complex processes. As the alcoholization progresses the primitive regions
they are affected.
FLORIPONDIO
Her name is Brugmansiavulcanicola and it is native of America of the South. One
of their active principles is the hallucinogenic scopolamine
Administration road: Oral.
The leaves and milled flowers get ready in hot water or fry and takes as tea.
Effects
They include periods of violence and even temporary insanity. The hallucinations
can be visual, auditory and tactile.
It also provokes dilation of the pupils, increase of the pulse and the breathing, dry
rhythm the mucous of the nose, mouth and throat.
The effects begin between the 15 and later 30 minutes to their consumption they
can last up to 72 hours. The lethal dose of scopolamine is near to the 100 mg;
however, the exact dosage is not known that can contain a floripondio tea.
Generally, a moderate dose is prepared with a flower, a high dose would be two to
three flowers, but in this type of drug substances and there is no safe dose.

DRUGS PAGE 40
Drugs
STIMULANT DRUGS ARE :

DRUGS PAGE 41
DEPRESIVE SUBSTANCES
NARCOTICS

DRUGS PAGE 42
HALLUCINOGENS
ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES
LEGAL DRUGS ARE BETWEEN

DRUGS PAGE 43
ILLEGAL DRUGS ARE
CAUSES OF ADDICTION

DRUGS PAGE 44
PROBLEMS AROUND
TYPES OF DRUGS
COCAINE

DRUGS PAGE 45
HEROINE
MARIHUANA
HASHISH

DRUGS PAGE 46
Ecstasy
Crack
AMPHETAMINES

DRUGS PAGE 47
INHALING
CIGARETTE
ALCOHOL
FLORIPONDIO

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