The document discusses understanding audiences and target audiences for media texts. It explains that producers carefully consider which audience a media text is aimed at and research audience demographics, preferences, and expectations. Some key factors in analyzing audience reaction are engagement, expectations, prior knowledge, identification, and placement strategies used to target specific audiences. Different media measure audiences in various ways like ratings for TV and radio or sales and streams for music. Audience reception theories see audiences as active rather than passive, with theories around opinion leaders, uses and gratifications, and encoding/decoding of messages.