1. · Sources of variation in language learning (Rebecca L. Oxford) · Focus on Language Learner: Motivation, Styles and Strategies (Andrew D. Cohen and Zoltán Dörnyei) Students : Natalia Lopez Marlen Rojas Date : April 17th, 2008 Professor : Katica Oblinobic
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9. Focus on the language learner: Motivation , Styles and Strategies
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11. Focus on the language learner: Motivation , Styles and Strategies Learner Characteristics Characteristics Outside the teacher’s control Language Aptitude Age and Gender Motivation The Social Nature of L2 Motivation Motivation as a Dynamic Process Motives to Learn a L2 Executive motivation Motivating Larners Learning style Learning strategies learning strategies use strategies Self-motivating strategies Definition Communication strategies Cognitive, Meta-cognitive, Affective and social Strategies Self- motivating Strategies Pedagogical Implications: the Intersection of Motivation, Styles and Strategies Skill Areas &
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16. Communication strategies (Dönyei ) Appeal for help Asking for repetition Asking for clarification Asking for confirmation Expressing non-understanding Interpretive summary Interactional Use of fillees and other hesitation advices Stalling or time-gaining Circumlocution Approximation Word coinage Use of non-linguistic means Literal translation Foreignizing Code switching Achievement or compensatory Message abandonment Topic avoidance Avoidance or reduction Communication strategies
17. Cognitive, Meta-cognitive, Affective and social Strategies * Cognitive, Metacognitive, Affective, Social Strategies. Classifying Strategies According to Skill Areas Related to reading habits in the target language Basic reading strategies When encountering unknown words and structures Reading Strategies to increase exposure to the new language Strategies to become more familiar with the sounds in the new language Strategies for better understanding the new language in conversation When listening in L2 language If some or most of what someone says in the language is not understood Listening Classifying Strategies According to Skill Areas
18. In order to enhance language learning and use To work directly in the target language as much as possible Strategic use of traslation To memorize new words In order to review vocabulary In order to recall vocabulary As a way of making use of new vocabulary Vocabulary estrategy Basic writing strategies While writing an essay Once a draft essay has been written Writing In order to practise for speking In order to engage in conversations Incapacity to think of a word or expression Speaking
![Sources of variation in language learning ,[object Object],Large Culture: I/C and TOA affect language learning Small culture: Demagogic Factors: Stylistic Factors: Brain, Learning styles, Field Dependence (FD) Field Independence (FI) Personality types. Cognitive and Affective factors: Second v/s Foreign Language: SL environment, FL environment, Hybrid environment. Individual Student’s characteristics Contextual Sources (Background)](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)