1. Crescent Girls’ School
Secondary Four
Mid-Year Examination
HISTORY
Combined Humanities 2192/03
Twentieth-Century World History, 1910s-1991
6 May 2008
1 hour 30 minutes
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your name, class and register number on your answer paper.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
Do not use staples, papers clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Section A
You must answer all parts of Question 1.
Section B
Answer one question.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
This paper consists of 5 printed pages (including the cover page)

2. 2
Section A (Source-Based Case Study)
Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates.
Study the sources carefully and then answer all the questions.
You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to
those sources you were told to use. In answering the questions, you should use
your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.
(a) Study Source A.
Why did the cartoonist draw this cartoon? Explain your answer. [5]
(b) Study Sources B and C.
How different are these sources with regard to Hitler’s foreign policy in the
1930s? Explain your answer. [6]
(c) Study Source D.
How useful is this source as evidence for the appeasement policy?
Explain your answer. [6]
(d) Use all the sources.
How far do you agree that Germany was responsible for the start of World
War Two? Explain your answer. [8]

3. 3
How far do you agree that Germany was responsible for the start of World
War Two?
Source A: A cartoon from a British newspaper, 1936.
Mussolini
Chamberlain
n
Clemenceau
[Turn Over

4. 4
Source B: From a British historian in The Origins of the Second World War, 1963.
Hitler planned to solve Germany’s living space problem in piecemeal fashion – by
a series of small wars. This is the conclusion at which I arrived independently
from my study of the political records, though I suspect that Hitler hoped to get by
without war at all. I agree that there was no dividing line in his mind between
political ingenuity and small wars, such as the attack on Poland. The one thing
he did not plan was the Great War often attributed to him.
Source C: From an American history textbook, 1960.
The Nationalist Socialist government pursued an avowed and consistent policy of
aggression from the moment it attained power in 1933, and more especially after
remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936. By the government’s carefully planned
Anschluss with Austria in 1938, its annexation of the Sudetenland from
Czechoslovakia in the Munich crisis of September 1938, and its attack upon
Poland the year after, Germany rushed headlong into war with a remorselessness
seldom equaled in history. Hitler’s dictatorship was devised to wage war.
Source D: Adapted from the views of a Soviet historian, 1981.
n
Why did Britain and France help Hitler to achieve his aims? By rejecting the idea
of a united front proposed by the USSR, they played into the hands of Germany.
They hoped to appease Hitler by giving him some Czech territory. They wanted
to direct German aggression eastward against the USSR and the disgraceful
Munich deal achieved this. In 1939, the USSR stood alone in the face of the
growing German threat. The USSR then had to make a treaty of non-aggression
with Germany. Some British historians believed that the treaty helped to start the
Second World War.
Source E: Adapted from Mein Kampf, 1926.
We, National Socialists, must stick firmly to the aim that we have set for our
foreign policy; namely that the German people must be assured the territorial
area which is necessary for it to exist on earth. The future goal of our foreign
policy ought…to be an Eastern policy which through the acquisition of such
territory would ensure the survival of the German people. We will also need to
carry out the foreign policy to deal with the mortal enemy of our nation, France.
France had deprived us of our land and pride by holding us in her grip and
pitilessly robbing us of our strength.
[Turn Over

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Section B (Structured-Essay Questions)
Answer any one question.
2 This question is about establishing peace after World War One.
(a) Was the concern for individual security the main reason why
many European countries refused to disarm in the 1920s? [12]
(b) How fair was the Treaty of Versailles in dealing with Germany
after World War One? Explain your answer. [13]
3 This question is about the rise of authoritarian regimes.
(a) Was the use of propaganda the main reason why Hitler was
able to consolidate his power in the early 1930s? [12]
(b) How successful were Stalin’s Five-Year Plans from 1928 to
1942? Explain your answer. [13]
4 This question is about the fall of communism in the USSR.
(a) Was the weakness of the command economy the main reason
why the USSR needed reforms in the 1980s? [12]
(b) How successful were Gorbachev’s reform policies during the
1980s? Explain your answer. [13]
Acknowledgements:
Source A: http://opal.kent.ac.uk/cartoonx-cgi/ccc.py?mode=single&start=2&search=world%20war%202%20and%20hitler
Source B: Paul Kiem; Skills in Modern History; Science Press; 1993.
Source C: Paul Kiem; Skills in Modern History; Science Press; 1993.
Source D: Ben Walsh; GCSE Modern History; John Murray; 1996.
Source E: Paul Kiem; Skills in Modern History; Science Press; 1996

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