DNA Chips: Microarrays and Emerging Nanotechnologies for Gene Expression Analysis

DNA Chips: MicroArrays and Emerging Nanotechnologies ME 381 Final Presentation December 5, 2003 Raphael Anstey Matthieu Chardon Travis Harper

What is a DNA Chip? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Power of Micro-Arrays ,[object Object],[object Object]

Background on DNA ,[object Object],

Historical Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Structure and Nomenclature ,[object Object],[object Object]

Genes and mRNA in Protein Production ,[object Object],[object Object]

Genes and mRNA in Protein Production

Applying DNA Principles to Chips ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Human Genome ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Functional Genomics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Manufacturing Oligonucleotide Arrays ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Substrate Mask UV Light

Manufacturing Oligonucleotide Arrays ,[object Object],O O O O O O 1 5 2 4 6 3 OH O O O OH OH O O O T T T T C O C T T GCT GGC TAG ACC ATT CAT T O O O T T

Array Hybridization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Single strands in the area of a microarray dot Strands hybridize Noncomplementary strands in other regions of the chip do not hybridize Information from millions of strands in single dot

Scaling Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dip Pen Nanolithography ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DPN Parallel Writing ,[object Object],[object Object]

Sensing / Data Acquisition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],There are two sorts colors of dies green red

Laser Induced Fluorescence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sense the fluorescent light emitted by thedie with diode and analyze data with computers LASER

Testing with LIF ,[object Object],[object Object],link

Array Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nano-Arrays: The Future of Gene Chips ,[object Object],[object Object],Micro scale array Today Tomorrow There will be a resolution problem 3 μ m 3 μ m Nano scale array

Electrochemical Sensing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Methylene Blue (MB + ) Anchor to Substrate to gold electrode Modify a part of the DNA

Electrochemical Sensing(cont) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],e - “ Electrons flow from the Au Electrode to intercalated MB + and Then are accepted by the Fe(CN) 6 4- ” E.M. Barton, J.K., N.M. Hill, M.G (1999) Nucleic Acid Research 27, 4830. e - e - e -

Data Acquisition Methodology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A e - e - e -

Voltage Readout ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Benefits of Electrochemical Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ir(bpy)(phen)(phi) 3+ Both strands have to be modified when using methylene. It is possible to use other molecules to act as catalyst such as Ir… This is a benefit to because each gene can be measured individually unlike in the LIF approach. This would in turn reduce the size of the chip. Gold

Proposed Chip Concept ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Circuitry A e - e - e - Nano DNA Array

Thank You For Your Time DNA Chip Team Raphael Anstey Mattheiu Chardon Travis Harper Questions?

DNA Chips: Microarrays and Emerging Nanotechnologies for Gene Expression Analysis

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DNA Chips: Microarrays and Emerging Nanotechnologies for Gene Expression Analysis