SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 7
TÝch ph©n
                           Ph¬ng ph¸p tÝnh TÝch ph©n
                                                
Mời Thầy cô vào http://violet.vn/n2chanoi để có
nhiều tư liệu cùng loại
I. TÝnh tÝch ph©n b»ng ph¬ng ph¸p ®æi biÕn:
Nh÷ng phÐp ®æi biÕn phæ th«ng:
- NÕu hµm cã chøa dÊu ngoÆc kÌm theo luü thõa th× ®Æt t lµ
phÇn bªn trong dÊu ngoÆc nµo cã luü thõa cao nhÊt.
- NÕu hµm chøa mÉu sè th× ®Æt t lµ mÉu sè.
- NÕu hµm sè chøa c¨n thøc th× ®Æt t lµ phÇn bªn trong dÊu
c¨n thøc.
                     dx
- NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa      th× ®Æt t = ln x .
                      x
- NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa e x th× ®Æt t = e x .
                      dx
- NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa       th× ®Æt t = x .
                        x
                     dx                1
- NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa 2 th× ®Æt t = .
                      x                x
- NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa cos xdx th× ®Æt t = sin x .
- NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa sin xdx th× ®Æt t = cos x .
                        dx
- NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa         th× ®Æt t = tgx .
                     cos 2 x
                        dx
- NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa         th× ®Æt t = cot gx .
                     sin 2 x
                        Bµi tËp minh ho¹:
                                                                              dx                   e x dx
1. ∫ ( x + 1) ( x + 2x − 1) dx
  1                                     1                         e                              1
                            3
                                    2. ∫ x. 1 − xdx               ∫ x.                        4. ∫ x
              2
                                                          3.
                                            3

   0                                    0                         1          1 − ln 2 x          0 e −1
                                π                             π                           π
       1
            dx
       ∫                                 cos xdx                4sin xdx                    e tgx dx
                                2                             2          3                4
5.                         6.   ∫ sin 2 x − 5sin x + 6   7.   ∫ 1 + cos x            8.   ∫ cos 2 x
       0   x 1+ x               0                             0                           0
       π

       dx
       2               1

9. ∫              10. ∫ x . 1 − x dx
                         3       2
        4
   π sin x             0
       4

II. TÝnh tÝch ph©n b»ng ph¬ng ph¸p tÝch ph©n tõng phÇn:
                   b                    b
                                    b
C«ng thøc: ∫ f ( x )dx = uv a − ∫ vdu . Nh vËy viÖc chän ®îc u vµ dv cã
                   a                    a

vai trß quyÕt ®Þnh trong viÖc ¸p dông ph¬ng ph¸p nµy.
Ta thng gĆ p ba lo i tÝch ph©n nh
       ę              ¹           sau:
Lo¹i 1:


                                                -N2C-                                                       1
TÝch ph©n
b
 ∫ Pn ( x). sin f ( x).dx
ba


 ∫ Pn ( x). cos f ( x).dx ⇒ u = Pn ( x ) : Trong ®ã Pn ( x ) lµ ®a thøc bËc n.
a
b
 ∫ Pn ( x).e .dx
              f (x)

a
Ta ph¶i tÝnh n lÇn tÝch ph©n tõng phÇn.
                 b
Lo¹i 2:          ∫ P( x). ln
                                n
                                    f ( x ).dx ⇒ u = ln n f ( x ) : TÝnh n lÇn tÝch ph©n tõng
                 a

phÇn.
         b αx
         ∫ e . sin β x.dx
Lo¹i 3:  b
        
          a
                            §©y lµ hai tÝch ph©n mµ tÝnh tÝch ph©n
         e αx . cos β x.dx
        ∫
        a
nµy ph¶i tÝnh lu«n c¶ tÝch ph©n cßn l¹i. Th«ng thêng ta lµm nh
sau:
                     b

- TÝnh ∫ e . sin β x.dx :§Æt u = e αx . Sau khi tÝch ph©n tõng phÇn ta
          αx

                     a

l¹i cã tÝch ph©n
b

∫e
     αx
            . cos β x.dx .Ta l¹i ¸p dông TPTP víi u nh trªn.
a

- Tõ hai lÇn TPTP ta cã mèi quan hÖ gi÷a hai tÝch ph©n vµ dÔ
dµng t×m ®îc kÕt qu¶.
                        Bµi tËp minh ho¹:
    π
                                                e                            π

1. ∫ ( x − x + 1) . sin x.dx
    2
                                                ∫x                           ∫x
                                                     3      2                     2
             2                             2.            . ln x.dx      3.            . cos 3x.dx
                                                1                            0
    0
        π                                 π                                      π
        2                                 2                                      2
4. ∫ e 3x . cos 5x.dx                 5. ∫ e 2003x . sin 2004x.dx        6. ∫ e 2x . sin 2 x.dx
        0                                 0                                      0

Ngoµi ra ta xÐt thªm mét vµi bµi tÝch ph©n ¸p dông ph¬ng ph¸p
TPTP nhng kh«ng theo quy t¾c ®Æt ë trªn:
                                                     3
                             x 8 .dx
        π
   e                    2                 e
                                             ln x 
                                                            1
                                                              x 2e x .dx
1. ∫ cos( ln x ) .dx 2. ∫ 4            3. ∫        .dx 4. ∫            5.
                        0 ( x − 1)                          0 ( x + 2)
                                     3                                 2
    1                                     1 x 
π
2
    1 + sin x
∫ 1 + cos x .e dx
                         x

0

III. TÝch ph©n hµm ph©n thøc h÷u tû:
PhÇn 1: TÝch ph©n h÷u tû c¬ b¶n.
                                A             A
1. a.D¹ng:                   ∫ ax + b dx =    a
                                                ln ax + b + C


                                                                -N2C-                               2
TÝch ph©n
          ax + b           a              A
b.D¹ng: ∫           dx = ∫ dx + ∫              dx
          cx + d            c           cx + d
           ax 2 + bx + c                                    C
c. D¹ng: ∫                  dx = ∫ ( Ax + B ) dx + ∫              dx
               dx + e                                     dx + e
                      dx
2. a.D¹ng: ∫ 2
              ax + bx + c
                            dx                 1        ( x − x1 ) − ( x − x 2 ) dx
- NÕu ∆ > 0 : ∫                           =           ∫ a( x − x )( x − x ) = ...
                  a( x − x 1 )( x − x 2 ) x 2 − x 1                 1         2

                        dx
                ∫                2
                                   = ...
- NÕu ∆ = 0 :              b
                  a x − 
                         2a 
                         dx
- NÕu ∆ < 0 : ∫                                ( x − α ) = β.tgt
                  ( x − α ) 2 + β 2 §Æt
                    Ax + B
3. D¹ng: I = ∫ 2                  dx
               ax + bx + c
Ph©n tÝch: I = ∫ 2
                         Ax + B
                                         dx = m .∫
                                                   ( ax 2 + bx + c)' dx + n.              dx
                      ax + bx + c                    ax + bx + c
                                                         2                        ∫ ax 2 + bx + c
                                                   dx
          = m . ln ax 2 + bx + c + n.∫ 2
                                             ax + bx + c
                                        Bµi tËp minh ho¹:
   1
     2004x − 2003        2
                               dx                   4
                                                           dx             1
                                                                                   dx
1. ∫               dx 2. ∫             3.           ∫ x 2 − 6x + 9 4.     ∫x
   0 2003x + 2004        1 6 + x + 5x                                              + x+1
                                2                                              2
                                                    0                     0
     2
          2x + 3          1
                             4 − 3x
5. ∫              dx 6. ∫ 2           dx
     1 6 + x + 5x         0 x + x + 1
            2

                                                         b
                                                             A( x )
PhÇn 2: TÝch ph©n h÷u tû tæng qu¸t.                      ∫ Q(x) dx
                                                         a

- Bíc 1: NÕu bËc cña A(x) lín h¬n bËc cña B(x): Chia chia A(x)
cho B(x). Ta ph¶i tÝnh tÝch ph©n:
                            b
                              P( x )
                            ∫ Q(x) dx
                            a

- Bíc 2:
+ NÕu Q(x) chØ toµn nghiÖm ®¬n: Q( x ) = ( x − a 1 )( x − a 2 ) ...( x − a n ) , ta
t×m A 1 ,A 2 ...A n sao cho :
                                  P( x )    A1     A2             An
                                         =      +        + .. +
                                  Q( x ) x − a 1 x − a 2        x − an
+ NÕu Q(x) gåm c¶ nghiÖm ®¬n vµ nghiÖm béi:
Q( x ) = ( x − a )( x − b )( x − c ) , ta t×m A, B,C1 ,C 2 sao cho :
                                    2


                               P( x )     A     B        C1          C2
                                      =      +     +            +
                               Q( x ) x − a x − b ( x − c )
                                                              2
                                                                  ( x − c)
+ NÕu Q(x) gåm nh©n tö bËc hai ®¬n vµ nh©n tö bËc hai ®¬n:

                                               -N2C-                                                3
TÝch ph©n
Q( x ) = ( x − a ) ( x 2 + px + q ) , ta t×m A, B, C sao cho :
                                        P( x )     A      Bx + C
                                               =      + 2
                                        Q( x ) x − a x + px + q
+ NÕu Q(x) gåm nh©n tö bËc hai ®¬n vµ nh©n tö bËc hai béi:
            Q( x ) = ( x − a ) ( x 2 + px + q ) , ta t×m A, B 1 , C1 , B 2 , C 2 sao cho :
                                                2



                             P( x )      A         B x + C1       B x + C2
                                      =        + 2 1          + 22
                             Q( x ) x − a ( x + px + q )        x + px + q
                                                            2


                                            Bµi tËp minh ho¹:
   3
     4x 2 + 16x − 8      2
                           3x 2 + 3x + 3                           5
                                                                       x+1
1. ∫
         x 3 − 4x
                   dx 2. ∫ 3            dx 3.                      ∫x    − x2
                                                                              dx
                         1 x − 3x + 2
                                                                       3
   2                                                               2

IV. TÝch ph©n hµm v« tû ®¬n gi¶n:
            b                      b
                                            dx
            ∫                      ∫                              ax + b = ( ax + b ) n
                                                                                      1
1.D¹ng:
                n
                     ax + b .dx;                  : §æi       n
            a                      a
                                       n
                                           ax + b
             b

2.D¹ng:      ∫
             a
                     ax 2 + bx + c .dx
                                                          b

- NÕu a>0 : TÝch ph©n cã d¹ng                         ∫   a
                                                                  u 2 + a 2 du   ®Æt u=atgt
HoÆc chøng minh ngîc c«ng thøc:
             u 2 2 u2
∫ u + a du = 2 u + a + 2 ln u + u + a + C
   2   2                         2   2



                                                              b

-- NÕu a<0 : TÝch ph©n cã d¹ng                                ∫
                                                              a
                                                                   a 2 −u 2 du     ®Æt u=asint

                 b
                          dx
3.D¹ng:          ∫
            ax 2 + bx + c
                 a

                          dx                    1       ( x − x 1 ) − ( x − x 2 ) dx
- NÕu ∆ > 0 : ∫                           =           ∫ a( x − x )( x − x ) = ...
                   a( x − x 1 )( x − x 2 ) x 2 − x 1                   1         2

                        dx                    dx
               ∫                     =∫
                                                  b
                                                        =
- NÕu ∆ = 0 :
                                  2
                           b            a x − 
                   a x −                         2a 
                          2a              
                                        dx
- NÕu ∆ < 0 : Víi a>o: ∫                              §Æt ( x − α ) = β.tgt
                                  ( x − α) 2 + β 2
                                                             du
HoÆc chøng minh ngîc c«ng thøc: ∫                                        = ln u + u 2 + a 2 + C
                                                            u +a
                                                              2      2


                 dx
Víi a<0: ∫                      §Æt ( x − α ) = β. sin t
           β 2 − ( x − α)
                          2


                                      Bµi tËp minh ho¹:



                                                  -N2C-                                           4
TÝch ph©n
             3
                                 dx                               1
                                                                          dx            1
                                                                                            dx
1. I = ∫                                         2. I = ∫                          3. I=∫ 2       4.
             0       x 2 − 3x + 2                                 0   x 2 + 2x + 1      0 x + x+1
         1
                        dx
I=∫
         0       − x 2 − 2x + 3
                 1                                                    1

5. I = ∫ x + x + 1.dx 6. I = ∫ − x − 2x + 3.dx
          2                       2

                 0                                                    0
                         b
                                               dx                                                     1
4.D¹ng                   ∫ ( x + α)                                       §Æt ( x + α ) =
                         a                     ax + bx + c
                                                     2
                                                                                                       t
                                 1
                                                dx                                     1
                                                                                                    dx
BTMH: 1. ∫                                              2. ∫
                                ( x + 1) x + x + 1
                                 0
                                                     2
                                                              ( 2x + 4) x + 2x         0
                                                                                                            2




                             ∫ R ( ( ax + b ) ; ( ax + b ) ).dx §Æt t = ( ax + b )
                                                         m    q                p                                         1
5.D¹ng:                               n
                                                                                                                         s   víi s lµ BCNN cña n vµ
q.
                         1
                                                     dx                                    1
                                                                                                                dx                         1   6
                                                                                                                                                   x
BTMH:                    ∫                                                                 ∫                                               ∫ 1+            dx
                  − ( 2x + 1)
                         0 3         ( 2x + 1)   2
                                                                                           0   ( 1 − 2x )       − 4 ( 1 − 2x )             0
                                                                                                                                                   3
                                                                                                                                                       x
V. TÝch ph©n hµm sè lîng gi¸c:
                         b

1.D¹ng: ∫ f ( sin x; cos x ) dx
                         a

- NÕu f lµ hµm lÎ theo sinx: §Æt t=cosx.
- NÕu f lµ hµm lÎ theo cosx: §Æt t=sinx.
- NÕu f lµ hµm ch½n theo sinx vµ cosx: §Æt t=tgx.
                                                                          Bµi tËp minh ho¹:
     π                                     π                                       π                                 π


1. ∫ sin x dx 2.
     2           3                         6
                                                 cos x   3
                                                                          3.
                                                                                   4
                                                                                               dx               4.
                                                                                                                     4
                                                                                                                                  dx
        3                                 ∫ 4 + sin x dx                           ∫ sin x. cos     3                ∫ ( sin x + cos x )       2
   0 cos x                                 0                                       0                    x            0
                             b

2.D¹ng: ∫ sin x. cos x.dx
             m      n

                             a

- NÕu m vµ n ch½n: H¹ bËc.
- NÕu m lÎ: §Æt t=cosx.
- NÕu n lÎ: §Æt t=sinx.
                        Bµi tËp minh ho¹:
     π                                                    π                                         π                         π

1. ∫ sin 3 x. cos 2 x.dx 2. ∫ sin 4 x. cos 2 x.dx 3. ∫ sin x dx 4.                                                                         dx
     2                                                    2                                         2       4                 2


   0                        0
                                                          2
                                                     0 cos x
                                                                                                                              ∫ cos
                                                                                                                              0
                                                                                                                                       4
                                                                                                                                           x. sin 4 x
                     b
3.D¹ng: ∫ R ( sin x;cos x ) .dx trong ®ã R lµ hµm h÷u tØ theo sinx, cosx.
                     a

                                 x         2dt             2t             1− t2          2t
 §Æt t = tg                        ⇒ dx =       ; sin x =       ; cos x =       ; tgx =
                                 2        1+ t2           1+ t2           1+ t2         1− t2



                                                                                       -N2C-                                                                    5
TÝch ph©n
                 b
                            dx
Cô thÓ lµ hµm: I=∫
                 a a sin x + b cos x + c

                           Bµi tËp minh ho¹:
        π                                 π                                  π


1. I = ∫
        4
             dx            2.
                                          2
                                             ( 1 + sin x )
                                       3. I = ∫      dx                      2
                                      I=∫                    dx
    0 sin x + cos x + 1             0     sin x.( cos x + 1)
                                              0 ( cos x + 2)
              b
                a sin x + b cos x
4.D¹ng:   I=∫                     dx
              a c sin x + d cos x

Ph©n tÝch: (Tö sè)=A.(MÉu sè)+B.(MÉu sè)’
    a sin x + b cos x
    b                        b        b
                                        c cos x − d sin x        b        b
                                                                            d( c sin x + d cos x )
I=∫                   dx = A ∫ dx + B.∫                   dx = A ∫ dx + B.∫
  a c sin x + d cos x        a        a c sin x + d cos x        a        a  c sin x + d cos x
                             π

Bµi tËp minh ho¹: I = 3sin x − 2cos x dx
                             2

                         ∫ 4sin x + 3cos x
                          0
            b
              a 1 sin x + b 1 cos x + c1
5.D¹ng: I = ∫                             dx
            a a 2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c 2

Ph©n tÝch: (Tö sè)=A.(MÉu sè)+B.(MÉu sè)’ +C
        b       b
                      a 2 cos x − b 2 sin x           b
                                                                    dx
I = A ∫ dx + B ∫                              dx + + C∫
        a       a a 2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c 2         a a 2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c 2

            b
             d( a 2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c 2 )
                    b

   = A ∫ dx + B ∫                             + C.J
      a    a  a 2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c 2
J lµ tÝch ph©n tÝnh ®îc.
                                      π                                  π

   Bµi tËp minh ho¹: 1. I = sin x − cos x + 1 dx 2. I =        sin x + 1
                                      2                                  2

                           ∫ sin x + 2cos x + 3
                           0
                                                        ∫ 3sin x − 4cos x + 5 dx
                                                        0

VI. PhÐp ®æi biÕn ®Æc biÖt:
                                                      b

                                               I = ∫ f ( x)dx
                                                      a

Khi sö dông c¸c c¸ch tÝnh tÝch ph©n mµ kh«ng tÝnh ®îc ta thö
dïng phÐp ®æi biÕn:
t = ( a + b ) − x .Thùc chÊt cña phÐp ®æi biÕn nµy lµ nhê tÝnh chÊt
ch½n lÎ cña hµm sè f(x).
                               Bµi tËp minh ho¹:
        π


                                  (               )
                                                                  π
        2
          cos x           1
                                                                      x sin x
1. I = ∫ x      dx 2. I = ∫ ln 3 x + x 2 + 1 dx           3. I = ∫            dx 4.
         πe + 1                                                   0 1 + cos x
                                                                            2
                          −1
       −
            2
    1
      sin 2004x
I= ∫            dx
   −1 2003 + 1
           x


Chøng minh r»ng:



                                                -N2C-                                          6
TÝch ph©n
1. NÕu f(x) lµ hµm sè ch½n vµ liªn tôc trªn [ − a; a] th×:
a              a

∫ f ( x)dx = 2.∫ f (x)dx
−a             0
                                                                             a

2. NÕu f(x) lµ hµm sè lÎ vµ liªn tôc trªn [ − a; a] th×: ∫ f ( x)dx = 0
                                                                             −a
     π              π                     π                  π
     2              2                     2                  2
3. ∫ f (sin x )dx = ∫ f (cos x )dx   4.   ∫ x.f (sin x)dx =π ∫ f (sin x)dx
     0              0                     0                  0




                                              -N2C-                               7

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Rで解く最適化問題 線型計画問題編
Rで解く最適化問題   線型計画問題編 Rで解く最適化問題   線型計画問題編
Rで解く最適化問題 線型計画問題編 Hidekazu Tanaka
 
Tema 3 (Soluciones cálculo de derivadas)
Tema 3 (Soluciones cálculo de derivadas)Tema 3 (Soluciones cálculo de derivadas)
Tema 3 (Soluciones cálculo de derivadas)jhbenito
 
Tich phan 213_ham_vo_ti_169
Tich phan 213_ham_vo_ti_169Tich phan 213_ham_vo_ti_169
Tich phan 213_ham_vo_ti_169Quyen Le
 
Integrales sustituciones-trigonometricas
Integrales sustituciones-trigonometricasIntegrales sustituciones-trigonometricas
Integrales sustituciones-trigonometricasFabiana Carnicelli
 
Cong thuc-tich-phan
Cong thuc-tich-phanCong thuc-tich-phan
Cong thuc-tich-phanQuoc Tuan
 
Integration Formulas
Integration FormulasIntegration Formulas
Integration Formulashannagrauser1
 
Limites trigonometricos1
Limites trigonometricos1Limites trigonometricos1
Limites trigonometricos1orvy
 
Công thức tích phân
Công thức tích phânCông thức tích phân
Công thức tích phândiemthic3
 
Tema 3 (Cálculo de derivadas)
Tema 3  (Cálculo de derivadas)Tema 3  (Cálculo de derivadas)
Tema 3 (Cálculo de derivadas)jhbenito
 
Hephuongtrinh bookbooming
Hephuongtrinh   bookboomingHephuongtrinh   bookbooming
Hephuongtrinh bookboomingbookbooming
 
Pertemuan 8 metode integrasi
Pertemuan 8 metode integrasiPertemuan 8 metode integrasi
Pertemuan 8 metode integrasiIwan Saputra
 
Limit dan kontinuan
Limit dan kontinuanLimit dan kontinuan
Limit dan kontinuansidesty
 

La actualidad más candente (18)

Mat1 lec12
Mat1 lec12Mat1 lec12
Mat1 lec12
 
Ex algebra (15)
Ex algebra  (15)Ex algebra  (15)
Ex algebra (15)
 
Rで解く最適化問題 線型計画問題編
Rで解く最適化問題   線型計画問題編 Rで解く最適化問題   線型計画問題編
Rで解く最適化問題 線型計画問題編
 
Tema 3 (Soluciones cálculo de derivadas)
Tema 3 (Soluciones cálculo de derivadas)Tema 3 (Soluciones cálculo de derivadas)
Tema 3 (Soluciones cálculo de derivadas)
 
Bài tập nguyên hàm tích phân
Bài tập nguyên hàm tích phânBài tập nguyên hàm tích phân
Bài tập nguyên hàm tích phân
 
Tich phan 213_ham_vo_ti_169
Tich phan 213_ham_vo_ti_169Tich phan 213_ham_vo_ti_169
Tich phan 213_ham_vo_ti_169
 
Integrales sustituciones-trigonometricas
Integrales sustituciones-trigonometricasIntegrales sustituciones-trigonometricas
Integrales sustituciones-trigonometricas
 
Cong thuc-tich-phan
Cong thuc-tich-phanCong thuc-tich-phan
Cong thuc-tich-phan
 
201 bài tập vi phân
201 bài tập vi phân201 bài tập vi phân
201 bài tập vi phân
 
Formulas
FormulasFormulas
Formulas
 
Integration Formulas
Integration FormulasIntegration Formulas
Integration Formulas
 
Integration formulas
Integration formulasIntegration formulas
Integration formulas
 
Limites trigonometricos1
Limites trigonometricos1Limites trigonometricos1
Limites trigonometricos1
 
Công thức tích phân
Công thức tích phânCông thức tích phân
Công thức tích phân
 
Tema 3 (Cálculo de derivadas)
Tema 3  (Cálculo de derivadas)Tema 3  (Cálculo de derivadas)
Tema 3 (Cálculo de derivadas)
 
Hephuongtrinh bookbooming
Hephuongtrinh   bookboomingHephuongtrinh   bookbooming
Hephuongtrinh bookbooming
 
Pertemuan 8 metode integrasi
Pertemuan 8 metode integrasiPertemuan 8 metode integrasi
Pertemuan 8 metode integrasi
 
Limit dan kontinuan
Limit dan kontinuanLimit dan kontinuan
Limit dan kontinuan
 

Destacado

Mutual funds presentation by gajendra 24th july10 mumbai meet
Mutual funds presentation by gajendra   24th july10 mumbai meetMutual funds presentation by gajendra   24th july10 mumbai meet
Mutual funds presentation by gajendra 24th july10 mumbai meetJayaprakash Shanmugam
 
NC.gov: Digital Transformation
NC.gov: Digital TransformationNC.gov: Digital Transformation
NC.gov: Digital TransformationTera Simon
 
Digital PM Summit 2015: Become a Meeting Whisperer
Digital PM Summit 2015: Become a Meeting WhispererDigital PM Summit 2015: Become a Meeting Whisperer
Digital PM Summit 2015: Become a Meeting WhispererTera Simon
 
Christmas Card 01 1
Christmas Card 01 1Christmas Card 01 1
Christmas Card 01 1ADM0411
 
Digital PM Summit 2014: A Date is a Date
Digital PM Summit 2014:  A Date is a DateDigital PM Summit 2014:  A Date is a Date
Digital PM Summit 2014: A Date is a DateTera Simon
 
ConvergeSE: State of the state - Digital transformation of NC State Government
ConvergeSE: State of the state - Digital transformation of NC State GovernmentConvergeSE: State of the state - Digital transformation of NC State Government
ConvergeSE: State of the state - Digital transformation of NC State GovernmentTera Simon
 
Managing Scope Creep & Client Expectations
Managing Scope Creep & Client ExpectationsManaging Scope Creep & Client Expectations
Managing Scope Creep & Client ExpectationsTera Simon
 
Lichens ecological functions and role in ecosystem services
Lichens ecological functions and role in ecosystem servicesLichens ecological functions and role in ecosystem services
Lichens ecological functions and role in ecosystem servicesDr. Himanshu Rai
 
How to Eat an Elephant: Or Tackle Most Any, Huge Enormous Project
How to Eat an Elephant: Or Tackle Most Any, Huge Enormous ProjectHow to Eat an Elephant: Or Tackle Most Any, Huge Enormous Project
How to Eat an Elephant: Or Tackle Most Any, Huge Enormous ProjectTera Simon
 

Destacado (18)

MISION
MISIONMISION
MISION
 
Cyber Bulling
Cyber BullingCyber Bulling
Cyber Bulling
 
Cyber Bulling
Cyber BullingCyber Bulling
Cyber Bulling
 
Mutual funds presentation by gajendra 24th july10 mumbai meet
Mutual funds presentation by gajendra   24th july10 mumbai meetMutual funds presentation by gajendra   24th july10 mumbai meet
Mutual funds presentation by gajendra 24th july10 mumbai meet
 
Podcast With Slides
Podcast With SlidesPodcast With Slides
Podcast With Slides
 
NC.gov: Digital Transformation
NC.gov: Digital TransformationNC.gov: Digital Transformation
NC.gov: Digital Transformation
 
Digital PM Summit 2015: Become a Meeting Whisperer
Digital PM Summit 2015: Become a Meeting WhispererDigital PM Summit 2015: Become a Meeting Whisperer
Digital PM Summit 2015: Become a Meeting Whisperer
 
Lesson Five Vocabulary
Lesson Five VocabularyLesson Five Vocabulary
Lesson Five Vocabulary
 
Christmas Card 01 1
Christmas Card 01 1Christmas Card 01 1
Christmas Card 01 1
 
Digital PM Summit 2014: A Date is a Date
Digital PM Summit 2014:  A Date is a DateDigital PM Summit 2014:  A Date is a Date
Digital PM Summit 2014: A Date is a Date
 
ConvergeSE: State of the state - Digital transformation of NC State Government
ConvergeSE: State of the state - Digital transformation of NC State GovernmentConvergeSE: State of the state - Digital transformation of NC State Government
ConvergeSE: State of the state - Digital transformation of NC State Government
 
3 composition
3 composition3 composition
3 composition
 
4 recognize
4 recognize4 recognize
4 recognize
 
Usstc 2012
Usstc 2012Usstc 2012
Usstc 2012
 
Managing Scope Creep & Client Expectations
Managing Scope Creep & Client ExpectationsManaging Scope Creep & Client Expectations
Managing Scope Creep & Client Expectations
 
Lichens ecological functions and role in ecosystem services
Lichens ecological functions and role in ecosystem servicesLichens ecological functions and role in ecosystem services
Lichens ecological functions and role in ecosystem services
 
Traditional Chinese Tea.
Traditional Chinese Tea.Traditional Chinese Tea.
Traditional Chinese Tea.
 
How to Eat an Elephant: Or Tackle Most Any, Huge Enormous Project
How to Eat an Elephant: Or Tackle Most Any, Huge Enormous ProjectHow to Eat an Elephant: Or Tackle Most Any, Huge Enormous Project
How to Eat an Elephant: Or Tackle Most Any, Huge Enormous Project
 

Phuong Phap Tinh Tich Phan

  • 1. TÝch ph©n Ph¬ng ph¸p tÝnh TÝch ph©n  Mời Thầy cô vào http://violet.vn/n2chanoi để có nhiều tư liệu cùng loại I. TÝnh tÝch ph©n b»ng ph¬ng ph¸p ®æi biÕn: Nh÷ng phÐp ®æi biÕn phæ th«ng: - NÕu hµm cã chøa dÊu ngoÆc kÌm theo luü thõa th× ®Æt t lµ phÇn bªn trong dÊu ngoÆc nµo cã luü thõa cao nhÊt. - NÕu hµm chøa mÉu sè th× ®Æt t lµ mÉu sè. - NÕu hµm sè chøa c¨n thøc th× ®Æt t lµ phÇn bªn trong dÊu c¨n thøc. dx - NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa th× ®Æt t = ln x . x - NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa e x th× ®Æt t = e x . dx - NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa th× ®Æt t = x . x dx 1 - NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa 2 th× ®Æt t = . x x - NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa cos xdx th× ®Æt t = sin x . - NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa sin xdx th× ®Æt t = cos x . dx - NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa th× ®Æt t = tgx . cos 2 x dx - NÕu tÝch ph©n chøa th× ®Æt t = cot gx . sin 2 x Bµi tËp minh ho¹: dx e x dx 1. ∫ ( x + 1) ( x + 2x − 1) dx 1 1 e 1 3 2. ∫ x. 1 − xdx ∫ x. 4. ∫ x 2 3. 3 0 0 1 1 − ln 2 x 0 e −1 π π π 1 dx ∫ cos xdx 4sin xdx e tgx dx 2 2 3 4 5. 6. ∫ sin 2 x − 5sin x + 6 7. ∫ 1 + cos x 8. ∫ cos 2 x 0 x 1+ x 0 0 0 π dx 2 1 9. ∫ 10. ∫ x . 1 − x dx 3 2 4 π sin x 0 4 II. TÝnh tÝch ph©n b»ng ph¬ng ph¸p tÝch ph©n tõng phÇn: b b b C«ng thøc: ∫ f ( x )dx = uv a − ∫ vdu . Nh vËy viÖc chän ®îc u vµ dv cã a a vai trß quyÕt ®Þnh trong viÖc ¸p dông ph¬ng ph¸p nµy. Ta thng gĆ p ba lo i tÝch ph©n nh ę ¹ sau: Lo¹i 1: -N2C- 1
  • 2. TÝch ph©n b  ∫ Pn ( x). sin f ( x).dx ba   ∫ Pn ( x). cos f ( x).dx ⇒ u = Pn ( x ) : Trong ®ã Pn ( x ) lµ ®a thøc bËc n. a b  ∫ Pn ( x).e .dx f (x) a Ta ph¶i tÝnh n lÇn tÝch ph©n tõng phÇn. b Lo¹i 2: ∫ P( x). ln n f ( x ).dx ⇒ u = ln n f ( x ) : TÝnh n lÇn tÝch ph©n tõng a phÇn.  b αx  ∫ e . sin β x.dx Lo¹i 3:  b  a §©y lµ hai tÝch ph©n mµ tÝnh tÝch ph©n  e αx . cos β x.dx ∫ a nµy ph¶i tÝnh lu«n c¶ tÝch ph©n cßn l¹i. Th«ng thêng ta lµm nh sau: b - TÝnh ∫ e . sin β x.dx :§Æt u = e αx . Sau khi tÝch ph©n tõng phÇn ta αx a l¹i cã tÝch ph©n b ∫e αx . cos β x.dx .Ta l¹i ¸p dông TPTP víi u nh trªn. a - Tõ hai lÇn TPTP ta cã mèi quan hÖ gi÷a hai tÝch ph©n vµ dÔ dµng t×m ®îc kÕt qu¶. Bµi tËp minh ho¹: π e π 1. ∫ ( x − x + 1) . sin x.dx 2 ∫x ∫x 3 2 2 2 2. . ln x.dx 3. . cos 3x.dx 1 0 0 π π π 2 2 2 4. ∫ e 3x . cos 5x.dx 5. ∫ e 2003x . sin 2004x.dx 6. ∫ e 2x . sin 2 x.dx 0 0 0 Ngoµi ra ta xÐt thªm mét vµi bµi tÝch ph©n ¸p dông ph¬ng ph¸p TPTP nhng kh«ng theo quy t¾c ®Æt ë trªn: 3 x 8 .dx π e 2 e  ln x  1 x 2e x .dx 1. ∫ cos( ln x ) .dx 2. ∫ 4 3. ∫   .dx 4. ∫ 5. 0 ( x − 1) 0 ( x + 2) 3 2 1 1 x  π 2 1 + sin x ∫ 1 + cos x .e dx x 0 III. TÝch ph©n hµm ph©n thøc h÷u tû: PhÇn 1: TÝch ph©n h÷u tû c¬ b¶n. A A 1. a.D¹ng: ∫ ax + b dx = a ln ax + b + C -N2C- 2
  • 3. TÝch ph©n ax + b a A b.D¹ng: ∫ dx = ∫ dx + ∫ dx cx + d c cx + d ax 2 + bx + c C c. D¹ng: ∫ dx = ∫ ( Ax + B ) dx + ∫ dx dx + e dx + e dx 2. a.D¹ng: ∫ 2 ax + bx + c dx 1 ( x − x1 ) − ( x − x 2 ) dx - NÕu ∆ > 0 : ∫ = ∫ a( x − x )( x − x ) = ... a( x − x 1 )( x − x 2 ) x 2 − x 1 1 2 dx ∫ 2 = ... - NÕu ∆ = 0 :  b a x −   2a  dx - NÕu ∆ < 0 : ∫ ( x − α ) = β.tgt ( x − α ) 2 + β 2 §Æt Ax + B 3. D¹ng: I = ∫ 2 dx ax + bx + c Ph©n tÝch: I = ∫ 2 Ax + B dx = m .∫ ( ax 2 + bx + c)' dx + n. dx ax + bx + c ax + bx + c 2 ∫ ax 2 + bx + c dx = m . ln ax 2 + bx + c + n.∫ 2 ax + bx + c Bµi tËp minh ho¹: 1 2004x − 2003 2 dx 4 dx 1 dx 1. ∫ dx 2. ∫ 3. ∫ x 2 − 6x + 9 4. ∫x 0 2003x + 2004 1 6 + x + 5x + x+1 2 2 0 0 2 2x + 3 1 4 − 3x 5. ∫ dx 6. ∫ 2 dx 1 6 + x + 5x 0 x + x + 1 2 b A( x ) PhÇn 2: TÝch ph©n h÷u tû tæng qu¸t. ∫ Q(x) dx a - Bíc 1: NÕu bËc cña A(x) lín h¬n bËc cña B(x): Chia chia A(x) cho B(x). Ta ph¶i tÝnh tÝch ph©n: b P( x ) ∫ Q(x) dx a - Bíc 2: + NÕu Q(x) chØ toµn nghiÖm ®¬n: Q( x ) = ( x − a 1 )( x − a 2 ) ...( x − a n ) , ta t×m A 1 ,A 2 ...A n sao cho : P( x ) A1 A2 An = + + .. + Q( x ) x − a 1 x − a 2 x − an + NÕu Q(x) gåm c¶ nghiÖm ®¬n vµ nghiÖm béi: Q( x ) = ( x − a )( x − b )( x − c ) , ta t×m A, B,C1 ,C 2 sao cho : 2 P( x ) A B C1 C2 = + + + Q( x ) x − a x − b ( x − c ) 2 ( x − c) + NÕu Q(x) gåm nh©n tö bËc hai ®¬n vµ nh©n tö bËc hai ®¬n: -N2C- 3
  • 4. TÝch ph©n Q( x ) = ( x − a ) ( x 2 + px + q ) , ta t×m A, B, C sao cho : P( x ) A Bx + C = + 2 Q( x ) x − a x + px + q + NÕu Q(x) gåm nh©n tö bËc hai ®¬n vµ nh©n tö bËc hai béi: Q( x ) = ( x − a ) ( x 2 + px + q ) , ta t×m A, B 1 , C1 , B 2 , C 2 sao cho : 2 P( x ) A B x + C1 B x + C2 = + 2 1 + 22 Q( x ) x − a ( x + px + q ) x + px + q 2 Bµi tËp minh ho¹: 3 4x 2 + 16x − 8 2 3x 2 + 3x + 3 5 x+1 1. ∫ x 3 − 4x dx 2. ∫ 3 dx 3. ∫x − x2 dx 1 x − 3x + 2 3 2 2 IV. TÝch ph©n hµm v« tû ®¬n gi¶n: b b dx ∫ ∫ ax + b = ( ax + b ) n 1 1.D¹ng: n ax + b .dx; : §æi n a a n ax + b b 2.D¹ng: ∫ a ax 2 + bx + c .dx b - NÕu a>0 : TÝch ph©n cã d¹ng ∫ a u 2 + a 2 du ®Æt u=atgt HoÆc chøng minh ngîc c«ng thøc: u 2 2 u2 ∫ u + a du = 2 u + a + 2 ln u + u + a + C 2 2 2 2 b -- NÕu a<0 : TÝch ph©n cã d¹ng ∫ a a 2 −u 2 du ®Æt u=asint b dx 3.D¹ng: ∫ ax 2 + bx + c a dx 1 ( x − x 1 ) − ( x − x 2 ) dx - NÕu ∆ > 0 : ∫ = ∫ a( x − x )( x − x ) = ... a( x − x 1 )( x − x 2 ) x 2 − x 1 1 2 dx dx ∫ =∫  b = - NÕu ∆ = 0 : 2  b a x −  a x −  2a   2a   dx - NÕu ∆ < 0 : Víi a>o: ∫ §Æt ( x − α ) = β.tgt ( x − α) 2 + β 2 du HoÆc chøng minh ngîc c«ng thøc: ∫ = ln u + u 2 + a 2 + C u +a 2 2 dx Víi a<0: ∫ §Æt ( x − α ) = β. sin t β 2 − ( x − α) 2 Bµi tËp minh ho¹: -N2C- 4
  • 5. TÝch ph©n 3 dx 1 dx 1 dx 1. I = ∫ 2. I = ∫ 3. I=∫ 2 4. 0 x 2 − 3x + 2 0 x 2 + 2x + 1 0 x + x+1 1 dx I=∫ 0 − x 2 − 2x + 3 1 1 5. I = ∫ x + x + 1.dx 6. I = ∫ − x − 2x + 3.dx 2 2 0 0 b dx 1 4.D¹ng ∫ ( x + α) §Æt ( x + α ) = a ax + bx + c 2 t 1 dx 1 dx BTMH: 1. ∫ 2. ∫ ( x + 1) x + x + 1 0 2 ( 2x + 4) x + 2x 0 2 ∫ R ( ( ax + b ) ; ( ax + b ) ).dx §Æt t = ( ax + b ) m q p 1 5.D¹ng: n s víi s lµ BCNN cña n vµ q. 1 dx 1 dx 1 6 x BTMH: ∫ ∫ ∫ 1+ dx − ( 2x + 1) 0 3 ( 2x + 1) 2 0 ( 1 − 2x ) − 4 ( 1 − 2x ) 0 3 x V. TÝch ph©n hµm sè lîng gi¸c: b 1.D¹ng: ∫ f ( sin x; cos x ) dx a - NÕu f lµ hµm lÎ theo sinx: §Æt t=cosx. - NÕu f lµ hµm lÎ theo cosx: §Æt t=sinx. - NÕu f lµ hµm ch½n theo sinx vµ cosx: §Æt t=tgx. Bµi tËp minh ho¹: π π π π 1. ∫ sin x dx 2. 2 3 6 cos x 3 3. 4 dx 4. 4 dx 3 ∫ 4 + sin x dx ∫ sin x. cos 3 ∫ ( sin x + cos x ) 2 0 cos x 0 0 x 0 b 2.D¹ng: ∫ sin x. cos x.dx m n a - NÕu m vµ n ch½n: H¹ bËc. - NÕu m lÎ: §Æt t=cosx. - NÕu n lÎ: §Æt t=sinx. Bµi tËp minh ho¹: π π π π 1. ∫ sin 3 x. cos 2 x.dx 2. ∫ sin 4 x. cos 2 x.dx 3. ∫ sin x dx 4. dx 2 2 2 4 2 0 0 2 0 cos x ∫ cos 0 4 x. sin 4 x b 3.D¹ng: ∫ R ( sin x;cos x ) .dx trong ®ã R lµ hµm h÷u tØ theo sinx, cosx. a x 2dt 2t 1− t2 2t §Æt t = tg ⇒ dx = ; sin x = ; cos x = ; tgx = 2 1+ t2 1+ t2 1+ t2 1− t2 -N2C- 5
  • 6. TÝch ph©n b dx Cô thÓ lµ hµm: I=∫ a a sin x + b cos x + c Bµi tËp minh ho¹: π π π 1. I = ∫ 4 dx 2. 2 ( 1 + sin x ) 3. I = ∫ dx 2 I=∫ dx 0 sin x + cos x + 1 0 sin x.( cos x + 1) 0 ( cos x + 2) b a sin x + b cos x 4.D¹ng: I=∫ dx a c sin x + d cos x Ph©n tÝch: (Tö sè)=A.(MÉu sè)+B.(MÉu sè)’ a sin x + b cos x b b b c cos x − d sin x b b d( c sin x + d cos x ) I=∫ dx = A ∫ dx + B.∫ dx = A ∫ dx + B.∫ a c sin x + d cos x a a c sin x + d cos x a a c sin x + d cos x π Bµi tËp minh ho¹: I = 3sin x − 2cos x dx 2 ∫ 4sin x + 3cos x 0 b a 1 sin x + b 1 cos x + c1 5.D¹ng: I = ∫ dx a a 2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c 2 Ph©n tÝch: (Tö sè)=A.(MÉu sè)+B.(MÉu sè)’ +C b b a 2 cos x − b 2 sin x b dx I = A ∫ dx + B ∫ dx + + C∫ a a a 2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c 2 a a 2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c 2 b d( a 2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c 2 ) b = A ∫ dx + B ∫ + C.J a a a 2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c 2 J lµ tÝch ph©n tÝnh ®îc. π π Bµi tËp minh ho¹: 1. I = sin x − cos x + 1 dx 2. I = sin x + 1 2 2 ∫ sin x + 2cos x + 3 0 ∫ 3sin x − 4cos x + 5 dx 0 VI. PhÐp ®æi biÕn ®Æc biÖt: b I = ∫ f ( x)dx a Khi sö dông c¸c c¸ch tÝnh tÝch ph©n mµ kh«ng tÝnh ®îc ta thö dïng phÐp ®æi biÕn: t = ( a + b ) − x .Thùc chÊt cña phÐp ®æi biÕn nµy lµ nhê tÝnh chÊt ch½n lÎ cña hµm sè f(x). Bµi tËp minh ho¹: π ( ) π 2 cos x 1 x sin x 1. I = ∫ x dx 2. I = ∫ ln 3 x + x 2 + 1 dx 3. I = ∫ dx 4. πe + 1 0 1 + cos x 2 −1 − 2 1 sin 2004x I= ∫ dx −1 2003 + 1 x Chøng minh r»ng: -N2C- 6
  • 7. TÝch ph©n 1. NÕu f(x) lµ hµm sè ch½n vµ liªn tôc trªn [ − a; a] th×: a a ∫ f ( x)dx = 2.∫ f (x)dx −a 0 a 2. NÕu f(x) lµ hµm sè lÎ vµ liªn tôc trªn [ − a; a] th×: ∫ f ( x)dx = 0 −a π π π π 2 2 2 2 3. ∫ f (sin x )dx = ∫ f (cos x )dx 4. ∫ x.f (sin x)dx =π ∫ f (sin x)dx 0 0 0 0 -N2C- 7