Rama Setu ppt of Dr. S. Kalyanaraman

3. Heavy mineral rich Inayam Teri Sand Deposit, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu

5. Heavy mineral beach placers (ilmenite, rutile, garnet and monazite) Kolachel to Kanniyakumari on 75 km. Vattakottai and Lipuram to Manavalakurichi: 5 to 6 km. With a width of 3 to 5 m from the mouth of Valliyur River. (Data base, GSI)

9. Kodiyakkara i Talaimannar Pamban Tirutturaipoondibeach (6000 years) Manamelgudi shoreline (6000 years) Devipattinam Ramanathapuram Uchchipuli Thondi

10. A volcanic canyon west of Rama Setu, 1 m to 3000 m slope Location map. Inset: bathymetry map of the Gulf of Mannar (reproduced from Murty et al., 1994) http://www.Setusamudram.in/htmdocs/Articles/cp_rajendran_2.htm

12. Rama’s hotspot Heatflow in Rama Setu 100 to 180 milliwatt per sq. m. comparable to Himalayan hotsprings Will dredging in the area activate these heat zones?.

15. Mannar Volcanics 100 m. old: Rama Setu an ancient submarine canyon collapse

19. Tsunami effect: 2,60,000 lives lost Destruction of Aceh island, damage in beaches north of Chennai and Nagapattinam Sea-bed has risen by about 200 m. in some regions 2/3 of the aquatic life and corals devastated in the Biosphere Reserve/Marine National Parks

20. Seismic activity Indian plate dynamically moves northwards @6 cm. per year resulting in plate tectonics (e.g Bhuj earthquake, Aceh quake). The Indian Ocean in this region is riddled with earthquake fault-lines

21. Tsuanmi of Dec. 26, 2004 Result of plate tectonics in Sunda plate

22. Build tsunami protection walls as part of any canal project: example, tsunami wall in Japan

26. Malabar Bowen map (1747) drawn by Netherlands shows Ramarcoil I (that is, Rama temple).

29. Setu, Setubandha Rameswaram Hampi inscription of Krishnadevaraya Saka 1430 (1508 CE) in Epigraphica Indica refers to Rama Setu

30. Religious and cultural sites, 8th-12th centuries http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =071 Schwartzberg Atlas , p. 34.

31. Islamic expansion and changing Western views of South Asia, 7th-12th centuries (Al-Biruni’s record) http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =070 Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 33.

32. Puranic India (Bharata) http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =064 Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 27.

37. Evidence from Sangam literature 1.kadunter iraaman udanpun.ar seetaiyaivalittakai arakkan vavviya jnaanr-ainilamcer madaran.i kan.d.a kurangincemmukap perunkil.ai izhaippolindaa anguaar-aa a varunakai yinidu per-r-ikume ( Pur-anaanoor-u paadal 378 ) When Arakkan Ravana abducted Sita who came with Rama, the ornaments removed from her body and thrown by her to the ground, the monkey families adorned themselves erratically with these ornaments. People enjoyed seeing this sight. 2.venve_r- kavuniyar tonmudu ko_d.imuzhangirum pauvam iranku mun tur-aivelpo_r iraaman arumar-aikku avittapal veezh aalam po_lao_viyavintanr-aal iv azhunkaloore ( Akanaanoor-u paadal 70 ) Before Sri Rama embarked upon his journey to Sri Lanka, he sat below a big banyan tree on the banks of the sacred Setu (tiruvan.aikkarai) and was engrossed in conversation with his friends. The birds on the banyan tree were chirping. Sri Rama stopped the chirping by his command.

38. Ancient Setu (Aryachakravarti) coins of Jaffna, 13 th century and Parantaka Chola copper plate (10 th cent.) (Nagaswamy R. 1979. Thiruttani and Velanjeri Copper Plates . State Dept. Of Archaeology, Tamilnadu. Madras. See: L’Hernault F. 1978. L’Iconographie de Subrahmanya au Tamilnad , Institut Francais d’ Indologie. Pondichery, p.111, ph. 63.) The copper plates indicate that Aparajitavarman went to Setutirtha. Setupati coinage, 16 th and 17 th century Obverse: Sri Ganapati, seated.Reverse, in Tamil, Se-Tu-Pa-(Ti missing). Tamil script.

39. Prambananan (Brahmavana), Indonesia

41. Kilakkarai and other places produce s’ankha, a cultural symbol venerated in Bharatiya traditions (West Bengal Dev. Corpn. In Kilakarai has an annual turnover of Rs. 100 crores to procure s’ankha from Rama Setu coastal zone)

42. Only Bharatam coastline produces s’ankha

43. S’ankha is unique to Bharatam coastline, not found anywhere else in the world Date of the woman’s burial with ornaments 6500 Years Before Common Era. Wide shell-bangle and shell ornaments

44. 8,500 year-old S’ankha industry, Gulf of Mannar S’ankha industry thrives in Kilakkarai (Rs. 100 crore annual turnover); s’ankha kr.s’aana (S’ankha cutter) mentioned in Rigveda, Atharvaveda Wide bangle made from a single conch shell and carved with a chevron motif, Harappa; marine shell, Turbinella pyrum (After Fig. 7.44, Kenoyer, 1998) National Museum, Karachi. 54.3554. HM 13828. Seven shell bangles from burial of an elderly woman, Harappa; worn on the left arm; three on the upper arm and four on the forearm; 6.3 X 5.7 cm to 8x9 cm marine shell, Turbinella pyrum (After Fig. 7.43, Kenoyer, 1998) Harappa museum. H87-635 to 637; 676 to 679.

49. Rama Setu: destruction status 10 Oct. 2007 46.07% (Palkbay/Palkstrait) 17 Sept. 2007 24.76% (Rama Setu/Adam’s Bridge)

50. Project location

51. Locus of Rama Setu in relation to the coastline http://sethusamudram.gov.in

59. Sri Rama and s’ankha naadam Vishnu’s fight with the Rakshasas led by Malyava a n, Ma a li and Suma a li as narrated in the Uttarkanda of the Ramayana (Canto VI-VIII) A Terracotta Panel from Bhitargaon Showing a Ramayana Scene By P. B anerjee http://ignca.nic.in/pb0020.htm