1. Module-7
Individual behaviour

2. Individual behavior
 Human behavior, which is; considered a complex
phenomenon, is very difficult to define in absolute terms. It is
primarily a combination of responses to external and internal
stimuli.
 These responses would reflect psychological structure of the
person and may be results' of the combination of biological and
psychological processes, which interpret them, respond to them
in an appropriate manner and learn from the result of these
responses.
 Psychologist Kurt Levin has conducted; considerable research
into the human behavior and its causes. He believes that people
are influenced by a number of diversified factors, which can be
both genetic and environmental.
 The influence of these factors determines the pattern of human
behavior.

3. Foundations of
Individual Behavior

4. MARS Model of Individual
Behavior
Role
Perceptions
Values
Personality Motivation
Individual
Perceptions Behavior and
Emotions Results
Ability
Attitudes
Stress Situational
Factors

5. Employee Motivation
Internalforces that affect a person’s voluntary
choice of behavior
 direction
 intensity
 persistence
R
M
BAR
A S

6. Ability, Intellect, and
Intelligence
Ability
An individual’s capacity to perform
the various tasks in a job.
Intellectual Ability
The capacity to do mental activities.
Multiple Intelligences
Intelligence contains four subparts:
cognitive, social, emotional, and cultural.

7. Employee Ability
 Natural aptitudes and learned capabilities
required to successfully complete a task
 An individual’s capacity to perform a task
 competencies personal characteristics that lead to
superior performance
 person job matching
 select qualified people R
 develop employee M
abilities through training BAR
 redesign job to fit A S
person's existing abilities

8. Employee Ability
 Ability varies across individuals
 Three types of ability
 Physical (strength)
 Emotional (EI)
 Intellectual (IQ)

9. Physical Abilities
Physical Abilities
The capacity to do tasks
demanding
stamina, dexterity, strength, an
d similar characteristics.

10. Nine Physical Abilities
Strength Factors
1. Dynamic strength
2. Trunk strength
3. Static strength
4. Explosive strength Flexibility Factors
5. Extent flexibility
6. Dynamic flexibility
Other Factors
7. Body coordination
8. Balance
9. Stamina

11. Types of Ability
 Emotional Intelligence
 Non-cognitive skills in coping with interpersonal
demands and pressures
 Five dimensions
 Self-awareness: ability to recognize what you’re
feeling
 Self-management: ability to manage own emotions
and impulses
 Self-motivation: ability to persist in face of failure
 Empathy: ability to sense how others are feeling
 Social skills: ability to handle the emotions of others

12. Dimensions of
Intellectual Ability
• Number aptitude
• Verbal comprehension
• Perceptual speed
• Inductive reasoning
• Deductive reasoning
• Spatial visualization
• Memory

13. Employee Role Perceptions
Beliefs about what behavior is required to
achieve the desired results:
 understanding what tasks to perform
 understanding relative importance of tasks
 understanding preferred
behaviors to accomplish tasks
R
M
BAR
A S

14. Situational Factors
 Environmental conditions beyond the
individual’s short-term control that constrain or
facilitate behavior
 time
 people
 budget
R
 work facilities M
BAR
A S

15. Biographical Characteristics
Biographical Characteristics
Personal characteristics—such as
age, gender, and marital status—that are
objective and easily obtained from personnel
records.

16. The Ability-Job Fit
Ability-Job
Employee’s Fit Job’s Ability
Abilities Requirements

17. Thank you