1. Drought information exchange
Platform
Training on Activity 1.3
Ljubljana, 8 April 2014
Luka Honzak, BO-MO LTD.
luka@bo-mo.si
Gregor Gregorič, EARS/DMCSEE
gregor.gregoric@gov.si

2. Agenda

3. European Drought Observatory (EDO)
http://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu
EDO provides:
• Continental overview of
information on drought
• Visualization and analysis
• Seamless access to
regional and national
drought information

4. Geographical information system (GIS)
• system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze,
manage and visualize all types of geographical data
Raster (map of drought index)

5. Geographical information system (GIS)

6. Geographical information system (GIS)
Vector
– Points (drought index on
the stations)
– Lines or polylines
– Polygons (drought index
for regions)

7. Geographical information system (GIS)

8. Geographical information system (GIS)
Vector -> raster: interpolation (different types of kriging)
Output: special formats (include information about coordinate
system, resolution, boundaries)
Every software for plotting maps is a kind of GIS -> output
can be saved to GIS file format
JPEG: world file

9. Geographical information system (GIS)
Mapping

10. Geographical information system (GIS)
Reference surface
• WGS84
Projections

11. Geographical information system (GIS)
Coordinate systems
• latitude-longitude/geographic coordinate system
• Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
– sixty zones (UTM zone number), each 6°
– UTM zone number, east and north coordinate in meters
• Gauss-Krüger
– similar to the UTM, 3° instead of 6°
• EPSG geodetic parameter
– Four-digit number describing coordinate system
Web mapping / Web GIS
– Google Maps, EDO
– Web Map Service (WMS)

12. Data by region - Slovenia
DMCSEE (www.dmcsee.org)
• SPI 1, 3, 6, 9, 12
• WBA60
• Drought bulletins
• Precipitation, Percentiles
• Archive
• Availability:
– http://www.dmcsee.org/en/drou
ght_monitor/,
– http://dmcsee.org/GISapp/
– EDO MapViewer
– Drought Metadata Catalogue

13. SI - DMCSEE
SPI 1, 3, 6, 9, 12
• Based on GPCC data in
0.5° (http://gpcc.dwd.de/)
• Calibration period: 1961-
1990
• Frequency: monthly (available after
5th day of the next month)
• Availability: http://dmcsee.org/GISapp/,
http://www.dmcsee.org/en/drought_monitor/,
EDO MapViewer

14. SI - DMCSEE
WBA60 (60 day water
balance anomaly)
• Based on NWP model
simulations for area,
limited to SE Europe.
• Non-hydrostatical
Meso-scale Model (NMM) is used. Historical DMCSEE model
climatology was computed with NMM model for time period between
1 January 1989 until 31 December 2009 with ERA-Interim as IC/BC
• Frequency: decade (from 11.3. to ~15.12.)
• Availability: http://dmcsee.org/GISapp/, EDO MapViewer

15. SI - DMCSEE
Precipitation, Percentiles
• Based on GPCC data in 0.5°
(http://gpcc.dwd.de/)
• Calibration period: 1951-2000
• Frequency: monthly (available
after 5th day of the next month)
• Availability:
http://www.dmcsee.org/en/drought_monit
or/

16. SI - DMCSEE
Drought bulletins
• Frequency: monthly (end of the
month from ~March-
~November)
• Availability:
http://www.dmcsee.org/en/drought_bulle
tin

17. SI - DMCSEE
Archive
SPI 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 for 1951-2000
• Calibration period: 1971-
2000
• Slovenia: Slovenian stations
• SEE : GPCC
• Same legend for easier
comparison
• Availability:
http://www.dmcsee.org/GISapp/

18. SI – national data (meteo.si)
meteo.si (National Meteorological
Service for Slovenia),
Agrometeorology
(http://www.meteo.si/met/sl/agromet/)
• Variables in current year
• Long-time averages
• Phenological phases
• Daily data archive from 1961
• SPI per region

19. SI – national data (meteo.si)
Variables in current year
(http://www.meteo.si/met/sl/agromet/recent/)
• Temperatures
– 10 stations (air), 8 (soil)
– Frequency: daily (for previous day)
• Water balance
– 10 stations
– Frequency: daily, weekly (for
previous day)
• Water balance bulletins
– Frequency: decade (April-
September), monthly otherwise

20. SI – national data (meteo.si)
SPI 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 per region (http://www.meteo.si/met/sl/agromet/indeks_spi/)
• Calibration period 1971-2000
• Frequency: 1., 15. from April to September
1 HODOŠ SPI1 0.45
2 SUHI VRH SPI1 0.4
3 DOLENCI SPI1 0.96
4 BUDINCI SPI1 1.04
5 MARKOVCI SPI1 1.01
……………………………………

21. SI – national data (meteo.si)
http://www.meteo.si/uploads/probase/www/agromet/product/form/sl/SPI_karte.pdf
•15.6.
• 1.9.

22. SI – national data (Geoportal EARS)
EARS Geoportal
(http://gis.arso.gov.si/)
• Search metadata
• Download data (WFS)
(http://gis.arso.gov.si/wfs_web/faces/
WFSLayersList.jspx)
• GIS Viewer (Environment
Atlas)
(http://gis.arso.gov.si/atlasokolja/prof
ile.aspx?id=Atlas_Okolja_AXL@
Arso&culture=en-US)

23. SI – national data (Geoportal EARS)
WFS
• Climate
– Air
temperature
– Precipitation
– Snow cover
– Sunshine
duration
– Wind speed
– Phenology
In Drought Metadata
Catalogue.

24. SI – national data (Geoportal EARS)
Environment Atlas

25. Data by region - overview
Agreement with At the workshop Questionnarie
Bulgaria
National Scientific Coordination Center of Global Changes
Vesselin Alexandrov - national leader
OK X
Czech R.
Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation in Prague
Hana Pokladnikova
Tatana Navrkalova
Petra Kulířová Hana Středová
Hungary
Lower-Tisza District Water Directorate
Karoly Fiala
X X
Lithuania
Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Vilnius University
Edvinas Stonevicius
Gintautas Stankunavicius - leader
Edvinas Stonevicius Donatas Valiukas (LHS-ME)
Moldova
Institute of Ecology and Geography -
Maria Nedealco
OK OK
Poland
GWP Poland supported by Institute of Meteorology and Water
Management
Dorota Pusłowska
OK X
Romania
National Meteorological Administration
Elena Mateescu - leader
Daniel Alexandru OK
Slovakia
Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMU)
Marek Švec
X OK
Slovenia
Slovenian Environmental Agency /DMCSEE
Gregor Gregorič - leader
OK OK
Ukraine
UkrHydroMetCentr
Tatiana Adamenko
X OK

26. Data by region – Bulgaria **
(Based on “Soil drought monitoring” presented by Tania Marinova in
2009.)
• soil moisture
– gravimetric method
– every 10 cm to 100 cm every
ten days
– every 20 cm to 200 cm every
month
– Monthly Bulletin of the NIMH
National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH) (www.meteo.bg)

27. Data by region – Czech Republic
• Drought Monitor
– Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI)
• Integrated Warning Service System (IWSS)
– CHMI & Meteorological Service of the Army of the
Czech Republic
• Integrated system for drought monitoring (The Drought
Monitor)
– Academy of Sciences, Mendel University, Masary
University, CHMI

28. CZ: Drought Monitor
• Soil and climatic drought
• Map of the threat of drought in the soil profile
– 0-20 cm, 0-100 cm
– Combination of measured and model-derived data of soil moisture
• Other maps
– Measured soil moisture (0-10 cm,10-50 cm, 50-100 cm), modeled
soil moisture (0-20 cm)
– Evaporation, water balance
• Frequency: weekly in the warm half of the year (on Tuesday from
Sunday data)
www.chmi.cz – Monitoring sucha

29. CZ: Drought Monitor

30. CZ: Integrated system for drought monitor
• Meteorological and agricultural droughts
• Combines:
– Ground-based measurements
– Dynamic water balance model
– Remote sensing methods
• Map of the drought intensity
– 0-100 cm, 0-40 cm, 40-100 cm
– comparing with values of soil moisture in the time period +- 10
days from 1961-2010
– The probability of repetition of the soil moisture at a given day
• Frequency: weekly (every Monday to 15 CET on the situation on
Sunday at 7 CET)

31. CZ: Integrated system for drought monitor
The normal state
S0 – reduced level
of soil moisture
S1 – incipient
drought
S2 – significant
drought
S3 – very
significant drought
S4 – exceptional
drought
S5 – extreme
drought
http://www.intersucho.cz/ (webpage under the development)

32. Data by region – Lithuania
• (Selianinov) Hydrothermal coefficient (HTC)
– HTC=∑P [mm] / ΣT [°C ] /10
• P – sum of the precipitation
• T – sum of the mean air temperature
• 30 consecutive days
– for the vegetation period of active plants (when the T > 10 °C),
calculated for each day, starting from 30th day of the active plants
vegetation period
• Frequency: weekly
Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service under Ministry of Enviroment

33. LT
>1.6 - excess moisture,
1.0-1.5 - optimum
moisture content
0.8-0.9 - lack of moisture
0.6-0.7 - arid,
0.4-0.5 – dry
<0.4 - very dry
Dry period: 15 days+
HTC <0.5
Extreme drought: 30
days+ HTC<0.5
http://www.meteo.lt/dregmes_salygos.php

34. Data by region – Moldova
Atlas Climatic resources of The Republic of Moldova
• Precipitation for a period of 30 years (1981-2010)
• 16 stations and 17 posts of State Hidrometorological Service
• Base for SPI calculations
Identifying droughts and dry periods
• SPI
• Martonne index
• Dry periods index (sum of dry days in May-August compared to
multiyear average)

35. Data by region – Romania
• Agrometeorological indicators:
– soil moisture reserve
• Various dephts (0-20 cm, 0-50 cm, 0-100 cm)
% of AWC Humidity classes
0 – 20 % Extreme pedological drought / ED
20 – 35% Severe pedological drought / SD
35 – 50% Moderate pedological drought / MD
50 – 70% Satisfactory supply / SS
70 – 100% Optimal supply / OS
>100% Above normal moisture values / EX
– heat waves
• Period of at least 3 consecutive days in which the maximum T
reaches or exceeds 32°C

36. Data by region – Romania
– rainfall amounts
– ETP
– Weekly agrometeorological bulletin
• the specific information (air and
soil temperature, rainfall, ETP,
soil moisture, crop water
requirement) needed for
assessment of drought
occurrence
• National Observation Network
(158 meteorological stations and
55 agrometeorological stations)

37. Data by region – Romania
• Data are analyzed and compared with the critical thresholds in
order to evaluate the threat and make recommendations to
decision-makers and farmers
• Disseminated to Presidency, Government, Ministry of
Environment and Climate Change (MECC), Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) for informational
and decisional purpose.
• For the general public the information is disseminated through
mass-media
• Periodical broadcasts (i.e. “Village Life”) are made at the public
radio and television having nationwide coverage, and targeting
rural audience.

38. Data by region – Romania
– monthly and seasonal agrometeorological bulletin
(diagnosis/forecasts), dedicated agrometeorological reports
• Articles for specialized publications and magazines are
disseminated weekly and monthly in electronic format
(www.agriplus.ro; www.revista-ferma.ro; http://www.gazetafermierului.ro/).
• Climatological indicators: SPI-3
• Indicators based on satellite techniques:
– NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)
– fAPAR (Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation)
– NDDI (Normalized Difference Drought Index)
• Availability: www.meteoromania.ro, e-mail or paper format
National Meteorological Administration

39. Data by region – Slovakia *
• SPI
– 1, 3, 6, 9, 12
– 77 homogeneous and 44 inhomogeneous precipitation stations
• PDSI
– 25 homogeneous and 22 inhomogeneous precipitation stations
• Calibration period: 1961-2013
• Frequency: monthly
– SPI: delay of one month after revision of measurement reports
from precipitation stations
– PDSI: delay couple of weeks after revision of climatological reports
• Availability: via e-mail (Excel tables)
Slovak hydrometeorological institute (SHMI)

40. Data by region – Ukraine
• (Selianinov) hydrothermal coefficient (GTC)
– 140 meteorological stations
– Aridity assessment of the current year and estimation of
climate impact on moisture supply of the areas
– One of parameters used in the models for crop productivity
prognoses
– >1.6 - too wet, 1.6 -1.3 – wet, 1.2 - 1.0 - not wet, 0.9 - 0.6 –
drought, ≤ 0.5 extreme drought
• Frequency: monthly (for the period with average daily T > 10°C)
Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center

41. UA – meteo.gov.ua
• Maps
(http://meteo.gov.ua/ua/333
45/agrometeorology/agro_c
urrent_conditions/)
– “State of topsoil”
– Average daily
soil temperature
at 5, 10 cm

42. Implementation

43. Introduction - INSPIRE, EUROGEOSS
• INSPIRE is an EU initiative to establish an infrastructure for spatial
information in Europe
• EuroGEOSS was an FP7 project that demonstrated the added value
to the scientific community and society of making existing systems and
applications interoperable and used within the GEOSS and INSPIRE
frameworks
• EuroGEOSS developed a European Drought Observatory.
• Benefits from EuroGEOSS project
– Provide a central repository of drought relevant metadata that can
be accessed by everyone over the Internet.
– A place for data producers to publish their data and data
consumers to find the data
– New services, interoperability

44. Drought metadata catalogue
• Information about drought
– data (raster or vector)
– links to documents (field
reports, bulletins …)
– national web pages
providing drought
information
• Realtime or near-realtime
• Climatological
Obligatory

45. Drought metadata catalogue – metadata
Metadata
• "data about data”
• descriptive metadata: data providing information about of the data with
standard language
• Indicator name, indicator description, organization, availability …
Metadata Catalogue
• Service that stores metada
• We can easily browse summary of all data
• Other users/organization/companies can also find our data if
catalogues are publicly available
• Essential to enable interoperability

46. Drought metadata catalogue – needed data
• Organization
– Name of the organization responsible for the indicator
– Contact (e-mail)
• Indicator name
• Indicator description
– How is the indicator created? By the application of a software?
Which? Manually? Automatically through a spatial model or GIS
analysis?
– How the component was assessed: Monitored, Calculated,
Estimated.
– What is calibration period?
– What is the frequency of updating information?

47. Drought metadata catalogue – needed data
• Availability of information
– Is the information available to the public?
– If so, references, hyperlinks, …
• Data Range Available
– Indicate the range of data from which information is available
• Geographic extent
• Keywords
– Type of drought
• Which is the type of drought that the indicator assesses?
– ...
List of keywords will be provided.

48. Drought metadata catalogue - SW
• XML (Extensible Markup Language) file
– Textual data format
– Representation of arbitrary data structures
• CatMDEDit (http://catmdedit.sourceforge.net/, free)
• Inspire Metadata Editor (http://inspire-geoportal.ec.europa.eu/editor/, online)
• ESRI ArcCatalog (part of ArcGIS: http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/)
• ISO Metadata Editor (http://www.crepad.rcanaria.es/metadata/en/index_en.htm,
free)
• Altova XML Editor (http://www.altova.com/xml-editor/)
• ...

49. Catalogue - SW
CatMDEdit
+ includes all the sections
of interest for metadata
- medium difficulty
INSPIRE Metadata Editor
+ easy to use
+ fully compliance with
INSPIRE directive
- low number of groups
for metadata
- online

50. Drought metadata catalogue – live example
Inspire Metadata Editor
http://inspire-geoportal.ec.europa.eu/editor/
Documentation:
http://www.eurogeoss.eu/Documents/EuroGEOSS_D_2_2_3.pdf

51. Implementation: EDO MapViewer
• Raster or vector data, raster data prefered
• Real-time or near real-time
– Can be time-based (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, …)
• Highly desirable
• WMS (Web Map Service)
spatial
data WMS server
EDO MapViewer
National web
mapping service
server user
WMS client

52. WMS example
http://www.dmcsee.org/cgi-
bin/mapserv?map=/var/www/tmp/dmcsee_wms/dmcsee_wms.map&SERVICE=WMS&VE
RSION=1.0.0&REQUEST=GetMap&SRS=EPSG:4326&HEIGHT=360&WIDTH=760&FOR
MAT=image/png&BBOX=11,33.995,47.005,50&LAYERS=SPI6&TIME=19991001

53. Data
Raster data
• Format: recommended GeoTIFF
• Legend
• EPSG
Point data
• Dense network station - raster ?

54. WMS server
Free:
• GeoServer http://geoserver.org/
• Mapserver http://mapserver.org/
• QGIS Server (previously Quantum GIS) http://qgis.org/
Non-free:
• ArcGIS Server http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisserver/
More: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Map_Sevice

55. WMS server: UNM Mapserver
• Robust software (launched in the mid-1990s)
• Lightweight
• Runs on different platforms
• Supports many file formats
• Easy to install
• More difficult to configurate
http://mapserver.org/

56. Future work: us
• Final version of implementation guide with detailed
examples will be available till the end of April.
• During the project we offer support with implementation
(luka@bo-mo.si)
– Preparing XML files for Catalogue
– Preparing mapfiles (MapServer)
• Review of implementation on next workshop in Budapest
end of September.

57. Future work: you
Drought Metadata Catalogue
• prepare XML files
• send it to luka@bo-mo.si (CC: idmp.sabina@gmail.com) with subject:
IDMP CEE “Your Country Name” until 1.7.2014
• focus on: public available, drought related, realtime or near-realtime
EDO MapViewer
• check national web services (INSPIRE)
• contact your IT service

58. Future work – Catalogue (draft)
Product Product type Availability
Bulgaria
Monthly Bulletin of the NIMH
Bulletin Online
Czech R.
Map of the threat of drought in the soil profile
Measured soil moisture
…
Integrated system for drought monitor
Map
Map
…
Map
Online
Online
…
Online
Hungary
Lithuania Hydrothermal coefficient Map Online
Moldova ? - Atlas Climatic resources of The Republic of Moldova
Poland
Romania Weekly agrometeorological bulletin Bulletin Online
Slovakia
SPI
PDSI
Excel file
Excel file
E-mail
E-mail
Slovenia
SPI 1, 2, 4, 6 per region
Water balance bulletin
Text
Bulletin
Online
Online
Ukraine
“State of topsoil”
Average daily soil temperature at 5, 10 cm
Map
Map
Online
Online