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Chain selection
Overview

β€’ Introduction
β€’ Potential chains (long list)
β€’ Estimated impacts in 2020
β€’ Summary
β€’ Creation of short list
Introduction

                                       Distribution   End-use
                H2 Prod.
    Feedstock              Transport


β€’ Hydrogen chains:
   – Simplified description of various ways of producing,
     transporting and using hydrogen
   – A key input for all the modelling work
β€’ Potentially vast number of possibilities (18
  technologies gives 1,028,160 potential
  arrangements)
β€’ Need to reduce to a more manageable size!
β€’ Reduce a long list (28) to a short list (max 10)
Potential chains: long list
       part 1 – renewables
Feedstock   H2 production   CCS      1st       H2 transport        H2        End use
                                  conversion                  distribution
Potential chains: long list
                   part 1 – renewables
          Feedstock   H2 production         CCS      1st       H2 transport         H2                   End use
                                                  conversion                   distribution

1.1.1   Wind power    onsite electrolysis                                     refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                   part 1 – renewables
          Feedstock   H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport            H2                   End use
                                                   conversion                         distribution

1.1.1   Wind power    onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power    central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                   part 1 – renewables
          Feedstock   H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport            H2                    End use
                                                   conversion                         distribution

1.1.1   Wind power    onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power    central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                     distribution
1.1.3   Wind power    central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP
Potential chains: long list
                   part 1 – renewables
          Feedstock   H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport            H2                    End use
                                                   conversion                         distribution

1.1.1   Wind power    onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power    central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                     distribution
1.1.3   Wind power    central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP

1.1.4   Wind power    central electrolysis                      GH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                   part 1 – renewables
          Feedstock   H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport            H2                    End use
                                                   conversion                         distribution

1.1.1   Wind power    onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power    central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                     distribution
1.1.3   Wind power    central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP

1.1.4   Wind power    central electrolysis                      GH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.5   Wind power    central electrolysis         Conversion   Methanol trucks      refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                     part 1 – renewables
          Feedstock   H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport            H2                    End use
                                                   conversion                         distribution

1.1.1   Wind power    onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power    central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                     distribution
1.1.3   Wind power    central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP

1.1.4   Wind power    central electrolysis                      GH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.5   Wind power    central electrolysis         Conversion   Methanol trucks      refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.1   Solar PV      onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                     part 1 – renewables
          Feedstock   H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport            H2                    End use
                                                   conversion                         distribution

1.1.1   Wind power    onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power    central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                     distribution
1.1.3   Wind power    central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP

1.1.4   Wind power    central electrolysis                      GH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.5   Wind power    central electrolysis         Conversion   Methanol trucks      refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.1   Solar PV      onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.2   Solar PV      central electrolysis         conversion   LH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                     part 1 – renewables
           Feedstock    H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport            H2                    End use
                                                     conversion                         distribution

1.1.1   Wind power      onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power      central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                       distribution
1.1.3   Wind power      central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP

1.1.4   Wind power      central electrolysis                      GH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.5   Wind power      central electrolysis         Conversion   Methanol trucks      refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.1   Solar PV        onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.2   Solar PV        central electrolysis         conversion   LH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                       distribution
1.2.3   Solar thermal   thermal conversion                        dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP
Potential chains: long list
                     part 1 – renewables
           Feedstock    H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport            H2                    End use
                                                     conversion                         distribution

1.1.1   Wind power      onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power      central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                       distribution
1.1.3   Wind power      central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP

1.1.4   Wind power      central electrolysis                      GH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.5   Wind power      central electrolysis         Conversion   Methanol trucks      refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.1   Solar PV        onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.2   Solar PV        central electrolysis         conversion   LH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                       distribution
1.2.3   Solar thermal   thermal conversion                        dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP

1.3.1   Wave            central electrolysis         storage                                                 Grid connected FC
Potential chains: long list
                     part 1 – renewables
           Feedstock    H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport            H2                    End use
                                                     conversion                         distribution

1.1.1   Wind power      onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power      central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                       distribution
1.1.3   Wind power      central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP

1.1.4   Wind power      central electrolysis                      GH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.5   Wind power      central electrolysis         Conversion   Methanol trucks      refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.1   Solar PV        onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.2   Solar PV        central electrolysis         conversion   LH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                       distribution
1.2.3   Solar thermal   thermal conversion                        dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP

1.3.1   Wave            central electrolysis         storage                                                 Grid connected FC

1.4.1   Geothermal      central electrolysis                      GH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                     part 1 – renewables
           Feedstock    H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport            H2                    End use
                                                     conversion                         distribution

1.1.1   Wind power      onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power      central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                       distribution
1.1.3   Wind power      central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP

1.1.4   Wind power      central electrolysis                      GH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.5   Wind power      central electrolysis         Conversion   Methanol trucks      refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.1   Solar PV        onsite electrolysis                                            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.2   Solar PV        central electrolysis         conversion   LH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                       distribution
1.2.3   Solar thermal   thermal conversion                        dedicated pipeline   centre                CHP

1.3.1   Wave            central electrolysis         storage                                                 Grid connected FC

1.4.1   Geothermal      central electrolysis                      GH2 truck            refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.4.2   Geothermal      thermal conversion                        dedicated pipeline   refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                     part 1 – renewables
           Feedstock            H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport               H2                    End use
                                                             conversion                            distribution

1.1.1   Wind power              onsite electrolysis                                               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power              central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline      refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                                  distribution
1.1.3   Wind power              central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline      centre                CHP

1.1.4   Wind power              central electrolysis                      GH2 truck               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.5   Wind power              central electrolysis         Conversion   Methanol trucks         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.1   Solar PV                onsite electrolysis                                               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.2   Solar PV                central electrolysis         conversion   LH2 truck               refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                                  distribution
1.2.3   Solar thermal           thermal conversion                        dedicated pipeline      centre                CHP

1.3.1   Wave                    central electrolysis         storage                                                    Grid connected FC

1.4.1   Geothermal              central electrolysis                      GH2 truck               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.4.2   Geothermal              thermal conversion                        dedicated pipeline      refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.5.1   Biological production                                             metal hydride storage                         portable applications
Potential chains: long list
                     part 1 – renewables
           Feedstock            H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport               H2                    End use
                                                             conversion                            distribution

1.1.1   Wind power              onsite electrolysis                                               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power              central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline      refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                                  distribution
1.1.3   Wind power              central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline             centre         CHP

1.1.4   Wind power              central electrolysis                      GH2 truck               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.5   Wind power              central electrolysis         Conversion   Methanol trucks         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.1   Solar PV                onsite electrolysis                                               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.2   Solar PV                central electrolysis         conversion   LH2 truck               refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                                  distribution
1.2.3   Solar thermal           thermal conversion                        dedicated pipeline             centre         CHP

1.3.1   Wave                    central electrolysis         storage                                                    Grid connected FC

1.4.1   Geothermal              central electrolysis                      GH2 truck               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.4.2   Geothermal              thermal conversion                        dedicated pipeline      refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.5.1   Biological production                                             metal hydride storage                         portable applications

2.1.1   biomass                 gasification                              GH2 truck               refuelling station    transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                     part 1 – renewables
           Feedstock            H2 production          CCS      1st          H2 transport               H2                    End use
                                                             conversion                            distribution

1.1.1   Wind power              onsite electrolysis                                               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.2   Wind power              central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline      refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                                  distribution
1.1.3   Wind power              central electrolysis                      dedicated pipeline      centre                CHP

1.1.4   Wind power              central electrolysis                      GH2 truck               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.1.5   Wind power              central electrolysis         Conversion   Methanol trucks         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.1   Solar PV                onsite electrolysis                                               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.2.2   Solar PV                central electrolysis         conversion   LH2 truck               refuelling stations   transport (FC)
                                                                                                  distribution
1.2.3   Solar thermal           thermal conversion                        dedicated pipeline      centre                CHP

1.3.1   Wave                    central electrolysis         storage                                                    Grid connected FC

1.4.1   Geothermal              central electrolysis                      GH2 truck               refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.4.2   Geothermal              thermal conversion                        dedicated pipeline      refuelling stations   transport (FC)

1.5.1   Biological production                                             metal hydride storage                         portable applications

2.1.1   biomass                 gasification                              GH2 truck               refuelling station    transport (FC)
                                                                                                  distribution
2.1.2   biomass                 gasification                              pipeline                centre                CHP
Potential chains: long list
                        part 2 – fossil fuels
        Feedstock             H2            CCS      1st          H2       H2 distribution          End use
                          production              conversion   transport


3.1.1      natural gas   onsite reforming                                  refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                        part 2 – fossil fuels
        Feedstock             H2            CCS      1st          H2       H2 distribution          End use
                          production              conversion   transport


3.1.1      natural gas   onsite reforming                                  refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.1.2      natural gas   onsite reforming                                  distribution centre   CHP
Potential chains: long list
                        part 2 – fossil fuels
        Feedstock             H2              CCS      1st           H2       H2 distribution          End use
                          production                conversion    transport


3.1.1      natural gas   onsite reforming                                     refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.1.2      natural gas   onsite reforming                                     distribution centre   CHP

3.2.1      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 GH2 truck    refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                        part 2 – fossil fuels
        Feedstock             H2              CCS      1st           H2           H2 distribution          End use
                          production                conversion    transport


3.1.1      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.1.2      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         distribution centre   CHP

3.2.1      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 GH2 truck        refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.2.2      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 H2-NG pipeline   distribution centre   CHP
Potential chains: long list
                        part 2 – fossil fuels
        Feedstock             H2              CCS      1st           H2           H2 distribution          End use
                          production                conversion    transport


3.1.1      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.1.2      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         distribution centre   CHP

3.2.1      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 GH2 truck        refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.2.2      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 H2-NG pipeline   distribution centre   CHP

3.3.1      LNG           central reforming   CCS                 pipeline         refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                        part 2 – fossil fuels
        Feedstock             H2              CCS      1st           H2           H2 distribution          End use
                          production                conversion    transport


3.1.1      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.1.2      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         distribution centre   CHP

3.2.1      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 GH2 truck        refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.2.2      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 H2-NG pipeline   distribution centre   CHP

3.3.1      LNG           central reforming   CCS                 pipeline         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

4.1.1      coal          gasification                            GH2 truck        refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                        part 2 – fossil fuels
        Feedstock             H2              CCS      1st           H2           H2 distribution          End use
                          production                conversion    transport


3.1.1      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.1.2      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         distribution centre   CHP

3.2.1      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 GH2 truck        refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.2.2      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 H2-NG pipeline   distribution centre   CHP

3.3.1      LNG           central reforming   CCS                 pipeline         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

4.1.1      coal          gasification                            GH2 truck        refuelling stations   transport (FC)

4.1.2      coal          gasification                            GH2 truck        Distribution centre   CHP
Potential chains: long list
                        part 2 – fossil fuels
        Feedstock             H2              CCS      1st           H2           H2 distribution          End use
                          production                conversion    transport


3.1.1      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.1.2      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         distribution centre   CHP

3.2.1      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 GH2 truck        refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.2.2      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 H2-NG pipeline   distribution centre   CHP

3.3.1      LNG           central reforming   CCS                 pipeline         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

4.1.1      coal          gasification                            GH2 truck        refuelling stations   transport (FC)

4.1.2      coal          gasification                            GH2 truck        Distribution centre   CHP

4.2.1      coal          gasification        CCS                 pipeline         refuelling stations   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                        part 2 – fossil fuels
        Feedstock             H2              CCS      1st           H2           H2 distribution          End use
                          production                conversion    transport


3.1.1      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.1.2      natural gas   onsite reforming                                         distribution centre   CHP

3.2.1      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 GH2 truck        refuelling stations   transport (FC)

3.2.2      natural gas   central reforming   CCS                 H2-NG pipeline   distribution centre   CHP

3.3.1      LNG           central reforming   CCS                 pipeline         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

4.1.1      coal          gasification                            GH2 truck        refuelling stations   transport (FC)

4.1.2      coal          gasification                            GH2 truck        Distribution centre   CHP

4.2.1      coal          gasification        CCS                 pipeline         refuelling stations   transport (FC)

4.2.2      coal          gasification        CCS                 pipeline         refuelling stations   CHP
Potential chains: long list
                    part 3 – electricity and
                          by-product
        Feedstock                H2               CCS      1st          H2             H2              End use
                             production                 conversion   transport    distribution



5.1.1    Grid electricity   onsite electrolysis                                  refuelling station   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                    part 3 – electricity and
                          by-product
        Feedstock                H2                CCS      1st           H2             H2              End use
                             production                  conversion    transport    distribution



5.1.1    Grid electricity   onsite electrolysis                                    refuelling station   transport (FC)



5.1.2    Nuclear            central electrolysis                      pipeline     refuelling station   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                    part 3 – electricity and
                          by-product
        Feedstock                H2                CCS      1st           H2             H2              End use
                             production                  conversion    transport    distribution



5.1.1    Grid electricity   onsite electrolysis                                    refuelling station   transport (FC)



5.1.2    Nuclear            central electrolysis                      pipeline     refuelling station   transport (FC)



5.1.3    Nuclear            thermal conversion                        pipeline     refuelling station   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                    part 3 – electricity and
                          by-product
        Feedstock                     H2                CCS      1st           H2             H2              End use
                                  production                  conversion    transport    distribution



5.1.1    Grid electricity        onsite electrolysis                                    refuelling station   transport (FC)



5.1.2    Nuclear                 central electrolysis                      pipeline     refuelling station   transport (FC)



5.1.3    Nuclear                 thermal conversion                        pipeline     refuelling station   transport (FC)



6.1.1    By-product (refinery)                                             GH2 truck    refuelling station   transport (FC)
Potential chains: long list
                    part 3 – electricity and
                          by-product
        Feedstock                     H2                CCS      1st           H2             H2               End use
                                  production                  conversion    transport    distribution



5.1.1    Grid electricity        onsite electrolysis                                    refuelling station    transport (FC)



5.1.2    Nuclear                 central electrolysis                      pipeline     refuelling station    transport (FC)



5.1.3    Nuclear                 thermal conversion                        pipeline     refuelling station    transport (FC)



6.1.1    By-product (refinery)                                             GH2 truck    refuelling station    transport (FC)



6.1.2    By-product (refinery)                                                          distribution centre   CHP
Estimated impacts in
                   2020 – CO2
                                    CO2 equivalent emissions - transport

  IST 4.2.1 Coal central CCS pipeline
          IST 4.1.1 Coal central truck
          IST 3.3.1 LNG central SMR
            IST 3.2.1 NG central truck
                  IST 3.1.1 NG onsite
      IST 2.1.1 Biomass central truck
           IST 6.1.1 By-product truck
 IST 5.2.2 Nuclear thermal conversion
 IST 5.2.1 Nuclear central electrolysis
       IST 5.1.1 Electricity mix onsite
IST 1.4.2 Geothermal thermal pipeline
    IST 1.4.1 geothermal central truck
 IST 1.2.2 Solar PV central LH2 truck
            IST 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite
          IST 1.1.4 wind central truck
                IST 1.1.2 wind central
                 IST 1.1.1 wind onsite
                                          0     500       1000        1500   2000   2500

                                                            kg/vehicle km
Estimated impacts in
       2020 – CO2
                          CO2 equivalent emissions - stationary


IST 4.2.2 Coal central CCS pipeline CHP



                  IST 3.2.2 NGH2 CHP



              IST 3.1.2 NG onsite CHP



IST 2.1.2 Biomass central pipeline CHP



              IST 6.1.2 By-product CHP



           IST 1.2.3 Solar thermal CHP



             IST 1.1.3 wind central CHP


                                          0   1000   2000   3000   4000     5000   6000   7000   8000
                                                                   kg/kWh
Estimated impacts in
                 2020 – Costs
                                                              Costs per chain

                             IST 6.1.2 By-product CHP

            IST 6.1.1 By-product truck demand version

 IST 5.2.2 Nuclear thermal conversion demand version

        IST 5.1.1 Electricity mix onsite demand version
              IST 4.2.2 Coal central CCS pipeline CHP

           IST 4.1.1 Coal central truck demand version

           IST 3.3.1 LNG central SMR demand version

                                 IST 3.2.2 NGH2 CHP
            IST 3.2.1 NG central truck demand version

                             IST 3.1.2 NG onsite CHP

              IST 2.1.2 Biomass central pipeline CHP
       IST 2.1.1 Biomass central truck demand version

IST 1.4.2 Geothermal thermal pipeline demand version

    IST 1.4.1 geothermal central truck demand version

                         IST 1.2.3 Solar thermal CHP
                                                                                                   Cost/year (M€)
             IST 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite demand version
                                                                                                   Investment cost (M€)
                           IST 1.1.3 wind central CHP

                IST 1.1.2 wind central demand version

                IST 1.1.1 wind onsite demand version

                                                          0          500        1000        1500       2000           2500
                                                                                       M€
Summary

β€’ Highest emissions from fossil fuel-based
  chains, especially coal
β€’ Truck transport adds to the CO2 intensity
β€’ Highest costs:
  – Thermal conversion
  – CCS
  – Nuclear
Creation of short list

β€’ Target: 6 – 10 hydrogen chains
β€’ Representation is more important than
  realism!
Feedstocks

β€’ Definite yes:
   –   Solar
   –   Geothermal (islands)
   –   Wind
   –   Wave
   –   Coal with ccs
   –   NG
   –   biomass
β€’ Definite no:
   – Coal without ccs
β€’ Maybe
   – nuclear
H2 production

β€’ Definite yes:
  – SMR onsite/central
  – Gasification
  – Electrolysis onsite/central
  – Thermal conversion
β€’ Other possibilities
  – Biological production (maybe)
Complementary
            technologies

β€’ CCS
  – yes
β€’ Liquefaction
  – Yes (depending on cost)
β€’ Other
  – Metal hydrides/chemical hydrides
  – Novel technologies
H2 transport

β€’ Definite yes:
  – Lh2 trucks
  – Gh2 trucks
  – Pipeline (dedicated)
β€’ Definite no:
H2 distribution

β€’ Definite yes:
  – LH2 fuelling stations for LH2 truck transport
  – GH2 fuelling station
  – Distribution centre
End use

β€’ Definite yes:
  – Transport
  – Stationary
  – Portable applications
Final chains – I

    Feedstock         H2       CCS      1st          H2            H2        End use
                  production         conversion   transport   distribution



1         Solar
     Geothe
      rmal
      (islan
      ds)
2
                  Electro
                    lysis
                    (onsi
     Wind
3                   te)                                                      Tra
Final chains – II

     Feedstock       H2       CCS      1st          H2            H2        End use
                 production         conversion   transport   distribution



6
7
8
9
10

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ChainSelectionOverview

  • 2. Overview β€’ Introduction β€’ Potential chains (long list) β€’ Estimated impacts in 2020 β€’ Summary β€’ Creation of short list
  • 3. Introduction Distribution End-use H2 Prod. Feedstock Transport β€’ Hydrogen chains: – Simplified description of various ways of producing, transporting and using hydrogen – A key input for all the modelling work β€’ Potentially vast number of possibilities (18 technologies gives 1,028,160 potential arrangements) β€’ Need to reduce to a more manageable size! β€’ Reduce a long list (28) to a short list (max 10)
  • 4. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution
  • 5. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 6. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 7. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP
  • 8. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.1.4 Wind power central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 9. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.1.4 Wind power central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.5 Wind power central electrolysis Conversion Methanol trucks refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 10. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.1.4 Wind power central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.5 Wind power central electrolysis Conversion Methanol trucks refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 11. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.1.4 Wind power central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.5 Wind power central electrolysis Conversion Methanol trucks refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.2 Solar PV central electrolysis conversion LH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 12. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.1.4 Wind power central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.5 Wind power central electrolysis Conversion Methanol trucks refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.2 Solar PV central electrolysis conversion LH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.2.3 Solar thermal thermal conversion dedicated pipeline centre CHP
  • 13. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.1.4 Wind power central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.5 Wind power central electrolysis Conversion Methanol trucks refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.2 Solar PV central electrolysis conversion LH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.2.3 Solar thermal thermal conversion dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.3.1 Wave central electrolysis storage Grid connected FC
  • 14. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.1.4 Wind power central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.5 Wind power central electrolysis Conversion Methanol trucks refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.2 Solar PV central electrolysis conversion LH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.2.3 Solar thermal thermal conversion dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.3.1 Wave central electrolysis storage Grid connected FC 1.4.1 Geothermal central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 15. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.1.4 Wind power central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.5 Wind power central electrolysis Conversion Methanol trucks refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.2 Solar PV central electrolysis conversion LH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.2.3 Solar thermal thermal conversion dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.3.1 Wave central electrolysis storage Grid connected FC 1.4.1 Geothermal central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.4.2 Geothermal thermal conversion dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 16. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.1.4 Wind power central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.5 Wind power central electrolysis Conversion Methanol trucks refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.2 Solar PV central electrolysis conversion LH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.2.3 Solar thermal thermal conversion dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.3.1 Wave central electrolysis storage Grid connected FC 1.4.1 Geothermal central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.4.2 Geothermal thermal conversion dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.5.1 Biological production metal hydride storage portable applications
  • 17. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.1.4 Wind power central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.5 Wind power central electrolysis Conversion Methanol trucks refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.2 Solar PV central electrolysis conversion LH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.2.3 Solar thermal thermal conversion dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.3.1 Wave central electrolysis storage Grid connected FC 1.4.1 Geothermal central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.4.2 Geothermal thermal conversion dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.5.1 Biological production metal hydride storage portable applications 2.1.1 biomass gasification GH2 truck refuelling station transport (FC)
  • 18. Potential chains: long list part 1 – renewables Feedstock H2 production CCS 1st H2 transport H2 End use conversion distribution 1.1.1 Wind power onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.2 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.1.3 Wind power central electrolysis dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.1.4 Wind power central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.1.5 Wind power central electrolysis Conversion Methanol trucks refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite electrolysis refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.2.2 Solar PV central electrolysis conversion LH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) distribution 1.2.3 Solar thermal thermal conversion dedicated pipeline centre CHP 1.3.1 Wave central electrolysis storage Grid connected FC 1.4.1 Geothermal central electrolysis GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.4.2 Geothermal thermal conversion dedicated pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) 1.5.1 Biological production metal hydride storage portable applications 2.1.1 biomass gasification GH2 truck refuelling station transport (FC) distribution 2.1.2 biomass gasification pipeline centre CHP
  • 19. Potential chains: long list part 2 – fossil fuels Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 distribution End use production conversion transport 3.1.1 natural gas onsite reforming refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 20. Potential chains: long list part 2 – fossil fuels Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 distribution End use production conversion transport 3.1.1 natural gas onsite reforming refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.1.2 natural gas onsite reforming distribution centre CHP
  • 21. Potential chains: long list part 2 – fossil fuels Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 distribution End use production conversion transport 3.1.1 natural gas onsite reforming refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.1.2 natural gas onsite reforming distribution centre CHP 3.2.1 natural gas central reforming CCS GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 22. Potential chains: long list part 2 – fossil fuels Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 distribution End use production conversion transport 3.1.1 natural gas onsite reforming refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.1.2 natural gas onsite reforming distribution centre CHP 3.2.1 natural gas central reforming CCS GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.2.2 natural gas central reforming CCS H2-NG pipeline distribution centre CHP
  • 23. Potential chains: long list part 2 – fossil fuels Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 distribution End use production conversion transport 3.1.1 natural gas onsite reforming refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.1.2 natural gas onsite reforming distribution centre CHP 3.2.1 natural gas central reforming CCS GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.2.2 natural gas central reforming CCS H2-NG pipeline distribution centre CHP 3.3.1 LNG central reforming CCS pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 24. Potential chains: long list part 2 – fossil fuels Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 distribution End use production conversion transport 3.1.1 natural gas onsite reforming refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.1.2 natural gas onsite reforming distribution centre CHP 3.2.1 natural gas central reforming CCS GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.2.2 natural gas central reforming CCS H2-NG pipeline distribution centre CHP 3.3.1 LNG central reforming CCS pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) 4.1.1 coal gasification GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 25. Potential chains: long list part 2 – fossil fuels Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 distribution End use production conversion transport 3.1.1 natural gas onsite reforming refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.1.2 natural gas onsite reforming distribution centre CHP 3.2.1 natural gas central reforming CCS GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.2.2 natural gas central reforming CCS H2-NG pipeline distribution centre CHP 3.3.1 LNG central reforming CCS pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) 4.1.1 coal gasification GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 4.1.2 coal gasification GH2 truck Distribution centre CHP
  • 26. Potential chains: long list part 2 – fossil fuels Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 distribution End use production conversion transport 3.1.1 natural gas onsite reforming refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.1.2 natural gas onsite reforming distribution centre CHP 3.2.1 natural gas central reforming CCS GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.2.2 natural gas central reforming CCS H2-NG pipeline distribution centre CHP 3.3.1 LNG central reforming CCS pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) 4.1.1 coal gasification GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 4.1.2 coal gasification GH2 truck Distribution centre CHP 4.2.1 coal gasification CCS pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC)
  • 27. Potential chains: long list part 2 – fossil fuels Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 distribution End use production conversion transport 3.1.1 natural gas onsite reforming refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.1.2 natural gas onsite reforming distribution centre CHP 3.2.1 natural gas central reforming CCS GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 3.2.2 natural gas central reforming CCS H2-NG pipeline distribution centre CHP 3.3.1 LNG central reforming CCS pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) 4.1.1 coal gasification GH2 truck refuelling stations transport (FC) 4.1.2 coal gasification GH2 truck Distribution centre CHP 4.2.1 coal gasification CCS pipeline refuelling stations transport (FC) 4.2.2 coal gasification CCS pipeline refuelling stations CHP
  • 28. Potential chains: long list part 3 – electricity and by-product Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 End use production conversion transport distribution 5.1.1 Grid electricity onsite electrolysis refuelling station transport (FC)
  • 29. Potential chains: long list part 3 – electricity and by-product Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 End use production conversion transport distribution 5.1.1 Grid electricity onsite electrolysis refuelling station transport (FC) 5.1.2 Nuclear central electrolysis pipeline refuelling station transport (FC)
  • 30. Potential chains: long list part 3 – electricity and by-product Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 End use production conversion transport distribution 5.1.1 Grid electricity onsite electrolysis refuelling station transport (FC) 5.1.2 Nuclear central electrolysis pipeline refuelling station transport (FC) 5.1.3 Nuclear thermal conversion pipeline refuelling station transport (FC)
  • 31. Potential chains: long list part 3 – electricity and by-product Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 End use production conversion transport distribution 5.1.1 Grid electricity onsite electrolysis refuelling station transport (FC) 5.1.2 Nuclear central electrolysis pipeline refuelling station transport (FC) 5.1.3 Nuclear thermal conversion pipeline refuelling station transport (FC) 6.1.1 By-product (refinery) GH2 truck refuelling station transport (FC)
  • 32. Potential chains: long list part 3 – electricity and by-product Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 End use production conversion transport distribution 5.1.1 Grid electricity onsite electrolysis refuelling station transport (FC) 5.1.2 Nuclear central electrolysis pipeline refuelling station transport (FC) 5.1.3 Nuclear thermal conversion pipeline refuelling station transport (FC) 6.1.1 By-product (refinery) GH2 truck refuelling station transport (FC) 6.1.2 By-product (refinery) distribution centre CHP
  • 33. Estimated impacts in 2020 – CO2 CO2 equivalent emissions - transport IST 4.2.1 Coal central CCS pipeline IST 4.1.1 Coal central truck IST 3.3.1 LNG central SMR IST 3.2.1 NG central truck IST 3.1.1 NG onsite IST 2.1.1 Biomass central truck IST 6.1.1 By-product truck IST 5.2.2 Nuclear thermal conversion IST 5.2.1 Nuclear central electrolysis IST 5.1.1 Electricity mix onsite IST 1.4.2 Geothermal thermal pipeline IST 1.4.1 geothermal central truck IST 1.2.2 Solar PV central LH2 truck IST 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite IST 1.1.4 wind central truck IST 1.1.2 wind central IST 1.1.1 wind onsite 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 kg/vehicle km
  • 34. Estimated impacts in 2020 – CO2 CO2 equivalent emissions - stationary IST 4.2.2 Coal central CCS pipeline CHP IST 3.2.2 NGH2 CHP IST 3.1.2 NG onsite CHP IST 2.1.2 Biomass central pipeline CHP IST 6.1.2 By-product CHP IST 1.2.3 Solar thermal CHP IST 1.1.3 wind central CHP 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 kg/kWh
  • 35. Estimated impacts in 2020 – Costs Costs per chain IST 6.1.2 By-product CHP IST 6.1.1 By-product truck demand version IST 5.2.2 Nuclear thermal conversion demand version IST 5.1.1 Electricity mix onsite demand version IST 4.2.2 Coal central CCS pipeline CHP IST 4.1.1 Coal central truck demand version IST 3.3.1 LNG central SMR demand version IST 3.2.2 NGH2 CHP IST 3.2.1 NG central truck demand version IST 3.1.2 NG onsite CHP IST 2.1.2 Biomass central pipeline CHP IST 2.1.1 Biomass central truck demand version IST 1.4.2 Geothermal thermal pipeline demand version IST 1.4.1 geothermal central truck demand version IST 1.2.3 Solar thermal CHP Cost/year (M€) IST 1.2.1 Solar PV onsite demand version Investment cost (M€) IST 1.1.3 wind central CHP IST 1.1.2 wind central demand version IST 1.1.1 wind onsite demand version 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 M€
  • 36. Summary β€’ Highest emissions from fossil fuel-based chains, especially coal β€’ Truck transport adds to the CO2 intensity β€’ Highest costs: – Thermal conversion – CCS – Nuclear
  • 37. Creation of short list β€’ Target: 6 – 10 hydrogen chains β€’ Representation is more important than realism!
  • 38. Feedstocks β€’ Definite yes: – Solar – Geothermal (islands) – Wind – Wave – Coal with ccs – NG – biomass β€’ Definite no: – Coal without ccs β€’ Maybe – nuclear
  • 39. H2 production β€’ Definite yes: – SMR onsite/central – Gasification – Electrolysis onsite/central – Thermal conversion β€’ Other possibilities – Biological production (maybe)
  • 40. Complementary technologies β€’ CCS – yes β€’ Liquefaction – Yes (depending on cost) β€’ Other – Metal hydrides/chemical hydrides – Novel technologies
  • 41. H2 transport β€’ Definite yes: – Lh2 trucks – Gh2 trucks – Pipeline (dedicated) β€’ Definite no:
  • 42. H2 distribution β€’ Definite yes: – LH2 fuelling stations for LH2 truck transport – GH2 fuelling station – Distribution centre
  • 43. End use β€’ Definite yes: – Transport – Stationary – Portable applications
  • 44. Final chains – I Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 End use production conversion transport distribution 1 Solar Geothe rmal (islan ds) 2 Electro lysis (onsi Wind 3 te) Tra
  • 45. Final chains – II Feedstock H2 CCS 1st H2 H2 End use production conversion transport distribution 6 7 8 9 10