Solid State Drives (Third Generation) 2013 - By Hemanth HR hemanthhr@live.com

1. SOLID STATE DRIVE
Under Guidance of Seminar Coordinator
Mr. Harshavardhan L Mr. Yogaprakash M G
Asst prof., Dept of CSE Asst prof., Dept of CSE
Presented by
Hemanth H R
(4BW07CS023)

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 INTRODUCTION
 DEVELOPMENT & HISTORY
 THE PROBLEMS WITH TODAY’S HARD DISKS
 ARCHITECTURE OF SSD
 MEMORY
 CONTROLLER
 HOST INTERFACE
 COMPARISON OF SSD & HDD
 ADVANTAGES & DISSADVANTAGES
 APPLICATIONS OF SSD
 REFERENCE
CONTENTS

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INTRODUCTION
SSD Technology
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device
that uses solid-state memory to store persistent
data.
SSDs do not have any moving mechanical
components, which distinguishes them from
traditional magnetic disks such as HDDs or floppy
disks.
 SSDs use NAND-based flash memory or DRAM
to store data.

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 Product Consist of eight individual
memory boards, each packed with 256KB
of RAM chips. In total, the Bulk Core
system could provide a massive 2MB
 Data-access times ranged from 0.75
milliseconds to 2 milliseconds,
 It costs $9700 in 1977, which is
equivalent to $36,317 today.
DEVELOPMENT & HISTORY
1976 - Dataram introduced the world's first solid-state drive

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 The STC 4305 is a significant boost in the
capacity of SSDs.
 Cabinet could hold up to 45MB of
data, which it stored using charge-
coupled devices.
 Costs around $400,000 in 1978 (about
$1.5 million in today's dollars)
DEVELOPMENT & HISTORY
1978 - The STC 4305 drum-storage unit

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 Magnetic bubble memory has properties
similar to modern flash memory in that it
doesn't lose data when you shut off its
power.
 The Bubdisk held 128KB of data, and
costs $895.
DEVELOPMENT & HISTORY
1979 - Apple II Bubble Memory

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 Axlon was one of the company producing
SSDs for personal computers.
 This product used volatile RAM chips that
needed constant power to retain data.
 1MB of storage.
 It costs $1095
DEVELOPMENT & HISTORY
1983 - Synetix 2202

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 Intel'sNOR flash memory chips.
 It can hold up to 16MB of data.
 It costs $5000.
DEVELOPMENT & HISTORY
1988 - World's First Flash SSD

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 Modern flash-based SSD is designed in 3.5-
inch same as hard drives used at the time.
 It can hold up to 16MB to 896MB and costs
around $10,000.
 These SSDs found in military and
aeronautical applications.
DEVELOPMENT & HISTORY
1995 - Birth of the Modern Flash Drive

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The problems with today’s Hard Disks?
Hard Disk Drives
 Processors have increased in speed by orders
of magnitude over the years.
 But spinning hard disk drives (HDD) have not.
 Performance gap between how fast processors
demand data and how quickly HDD responds.
 HDD speed lags behind processors because it
is constrained by physical components.

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The problems with today’s Hard Disks?
Hybrid Hard Disk Drives
 Hybrid Hard Drives are an incremental
upgrade to the Hard Disk Drives.
 Hybrid hard disk drive contains large-buffer.
 It integrated with a cache using non-volatile
Flash memory.
 Flash memory buffer can speed up repeated
reads from the same location.
 Compared to normal HDD speed of data
access and consequent faster
computer boot process, decreased power
consumption, and improved reliability.

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ARCHITECTURE OF SSD
Simple block diagram of SSD architecture

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MEMORY
Flash memory-based SSD’s
 Use non-volatile flash memory
 Do not require batteries
 Retain memory even during sudden
power outages.
 Lower cost compared to DRAM
 SSDs are slower than DRAM SSD

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DRAM-based SSD’s
 Use volatile memory.
 Battery or an external AC/DC adapter
required.
 If power is lost, the battery provides
power while all Information is copied
from random access memory (RAM) to
back-up storage.
 Ultrafast data access.
 Primarily to accelerate applications.
 Costlier compared to Flash SDD’s.
MEMORY

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 Controller is an embedded processor
that executes firmware-level software.
 SSD controller bridge the Flash
memory components to the SSD
input/output interfaces.
 System will communicates the
controller to read data from or write
data to the flash memory
CONTROLLER

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 Serial ATA (SATA)
 SAS - Serial attached SCSI (generally found on servers)
 PCI Express
 USB
 Parallel ATA (IDE) interface (mostly replaced by SATA)
HOST INTERFACE

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Technical Comparison of SSD & HDD
Solid-state drive Hard disk drive
Random access time
0.1 ms
Random access time
5~10 ms
Read latency time
Very low
Read latency time
high
100MB/s to 500MB/s 50MB/s to 100MB/s.
High Reliability
SSDs have no moving parts to fail
mechanically.
Low Reliability
HDDs have moving parts and are
subject to sudden failure;
small and light in weight. relatively large and heavy
In 2013 SSDs were available in sizes
up to 512GB,
In 2013 HDDs of up to 4TB were
available.
power consuption 2 watts 12 watts.
As of 2013 NAND flash SSDs cost
about Rs.31000 for 500GB
As of 2013 HDDs cost about Rs.3200
for 500GB drives

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 High performance – significantly faster than a standard HDD
 Faster seek time – up to 60x faster than HDD
 Lower power – Lesser power consumption ,cooler operation
 Silent operation – ideal for post production environments
 Lighter weight – perfect for portable devices.
 Ability to endure extreme shock, high altitude, vibration and
extremes of temperature.
 Immune to magnets.
 SSDs are random access by nature and can perform parallel
reads on multiple sections of the drive
ADVANTAGES OF SSD

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 They are more expensive than traditional hard drives.
 They currently offer less storage space than traditional hard
drives.
 Slower Write Speed on low-end Models(MLC based types).
DISSADVANTAGES OF SSD

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Servers
Desktop computers
Laptops
Ultrabooks
HD Camcorders
Smart Tv
CCTV Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
Set-Top Boxes
Gaming Consoles
SSD APPLICATIONS

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 J. Katcher. PostMark: “A New Solid State Drives”. Technical Report
TR3022, Network Appliance, October 1997.
 “Evolution of the Solid-State Drive” By Benj Edwards, PCWorld
 A. Birrell, M. Isard, C. Thacker, and T. Wobber. “A Design for High-
Performance Flash Disks”, December 2007.
 S. Nath and A. Kansal. FlashDB: “Dynamic Self-Tuning Database for
NAND Flash”. In IPSN ’07: Proceedings of the 6th International
Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks June, 2009.
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_drive
 http://www.intel.com/pressroom/.html
 http://whatisasolidstatedrive.com/?p=14
REFERENCE