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CCEA
`xÜ|Åt gtuâv|}t? ÑÜÉyA
IIÜtéÜxw
D
PRIPREMA ZA ČAS
Nastavna jedinica: Orjentisani ugao. Mjerenje uglova.
Tip časa: obrada
Oblici rada: frontalni, individualni
Nastavne metode: dijaloška demonstracija, izlaganje
Zadaci časa:
Obrazovni: Usvojiti i naučiti mjerenje uglova
Funkcionalni: Razvoj logičkog mišljenja, razmišljanja i pamćenja
Odgojni: Preciznost, urednost
ARTIKULACIJA ČASA
UVODNI DIO:
Ponoviti sa učenicima o uglovima (definicija i podjela uglova).
GLAVNI DIO:
Definicija (orjentisanog ugla): Ugao kome krake smatramo uređenim parom polupravih zove se orjentisani ugao i
obilježava se na slijedeći način ∢ሺ‫,݌‬ ‫ݍ‬ሻ, ∢‫ݍܱ݌‬ ili ߙ.
a) b)
Ugao orjentisan u smjeru obrnutom kretanju kazaljke na satu je pozitivno orjentisan +ߙ, a ugao orjentisan u smjeru
kazaljke na satu je negativno orjentisan ugao – ߚ.
Vrijednost trigonometrijskih funkcija negativno orjentisanih uglova (parnost i neparnost trigonometrijskih funkcija):
sinሺ−ߙሻ = −‫ߙ݊݅ݏ‬ (neparna)
cosሺ−ߙሻ = ܿ‫ߙݏ݋‬ (parna)
‫݃ݐ‬ሺ−ߙሻ = −‫ߙ݃ݐ‬ (neparna)
ܿ‫ݐ‬݃ሺ−ߙሻ = −ܿ‫ߙ݃ݐ‬ (neparna)
Za neku funkciju ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ definisanu na skupu ‫ܦ‬ kaže se da je parna ako vrijedi: ݂ሺ−‫ݔ‬ሻ = −ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ za ∀‫ݔ‬ ∈ ‫;ܦ‬ a neparna ako
vrijedi: ݂ሺ−‫ݔ‬ሻ = −݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ za ∀‫ݔ‬ ∈ ‫.ܦ‬
Uglovi se mogu mjeriti u:
1. Stepenima (pun ugao je 360°) ° − ‫:݊݁݌݁ݐݏ‬ 1° = 60ᇱ
= 3600′′
′ − ݉݅݊‫:ܽݐݑ‬ 1ᇱ
= 60′′
′′ − ‫:ܽ݀݊ݑ݇݁ݏ‬ 1° = 3600′′
+
−
‫ݍ‬ ‫ݍ‬
‫݌‬ ‫݌‬ܱ
ܱ
CCEA
`xÜ|Åt gtuâv|}t? ÑÜÉyA
IIÜtéÜxw
E
Definicija: Devedeseti dio pravog ugla naziva se ugaoni stepen (1° - jedan ugaoni stepen; 1ᇱ
- jedna ugaona
minuta; 1ᇱ
′ - jedna ugaona sekunda).
2. Radijanima
Centralni ugao kružnice kod koga je dužina pripadnog mu kružnog luka jednaka poluprečniku kružnice nazivamo
radijan (ugao od 60°).
1	‫݀ܽݎ‬ =
360°
2ߨ
≈ 57°17ᇱ
45ᇱᇱ
	
1° =
2ߨ
360°
	‫݀ܽݎ‬
Prevođenje stepena u radijane:
݈ =
ߨ
180°
∙ ߙ	‫݀ܽݎ‬
Prevođenje radijana u stepene:
ߙ =
180°
ߨ
∙ ݈
Primjer 1. Ugao ߙ = 7856′′. Koliko ovaj ugao ima stepeni i minuta?
7586:3600 = 2°	
7200	
			656തതതതതതത: 60 = 10ᇱ
	
			600	
			56′′തതതതത
7586ᇱᇱ
= 2°	10ᇱ
	56′′
Primjer 2. Ugao ߙ je za 18° manji od svog komplementnog ugla. Koliki je taj komplementni ugao, a koliki ugao ߙ?
ߙ + ߚ = 90°	
ߙ = ߚ − 18°	
ߚ − 18° + ߚ = 90°	
2ߚ = 108°	
ߚ = 54°	
ߙ = ߚ − 18°	
ߙ = 54° − 18°	
ߙ = 36°
Primjer 3. Ugao ߙ je za 12° veći od
ଵ
ଷ
njemu komplementnog ugla. Koliki su ti uglovi?
ߙ + ߚ = 90°	
ߙ = 12° +
1
3
ߚ	
12° +
1
3
ߚ + ߚ = 90°	
4
3
ߚ = 90° − 12°
CCEA
`xÜ|Åt gtuâv|}t? ÑÜÉyA
IIÜtéÜxw
F
4
3
ߚ = 78°
4ߚ = 234°
ߚ =
234°
4
=
232 + 2
4
ߚ = 58° +
2°
4
ߚ = 58° +
60ᇱ
2
ߚ = 58° 30′
Primjer 4. Prevesti stepen u radijan ߙ = 60°, ߙ = 270°.
݈ =
ߨ
180°
∙ 60° =
ߨ
3
‫݀ܽݎ‬
݈ =
ߨ
180°
∙ 270° =
3ߨ
2
‫݀ܽݎ‬
ZAVRŠNI DIO:
Ponoviti pređenu nastavnu jedinicu. Zadati zadaću.
Domaća zadaća:
1. Uglovi trougla odnose se kao 2: 3: 4. Odrediti te uglove.
2: 3: 4
ߙ: ߚ: ߛ = 2: 3: 4 = ݇
ߙ = 2݇
ߚ = 3݇
ߛ = 4݇
ߙ + ߚ + ߛ = 180°
2݇ + 3݇ + 4݇ = 180°
9݇ = 180°
݇ = 20
ߙ = 40°
ߚ = 60°
ߛ = 80°
2. Popuniti tabelu:
‫݊݁݌݁ݐݏ‬ 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° 90° 120° 135° 150° 180° 270° 360°
‫݀ܽݎ‬
ߨ
4
3ߨ
4

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002 orjentisani ugao

  • 1. CCEA `xÜ|Åt gtuâv|}t? ÑÜÉyA IIÜtéÜxw D PRIPREMA ZA ČAS Nastavna jedinica: Orjentisani ugao. Mjerenje uglova. Tip časa: obrada Oblici rada: frontalni, individualni Nastavne metode: dijaloška demonstracija, izlaganje Zadaci časa: Obrazovni: Usvojiti i naučiti mjerenje uglova Funkcionalni: Razvoj logičkog mišljenja, razmišljanja i pamćenja Odgojni: Preciznost, urednost ARTIKULACIJA ČASA UVODNI DIO: Ponoviti sa učenicima o uglovima (definicija i podjela uglova). GLAVNI DIO: Definicija (orjentisanog ugla): Ugao kome krake smatramo uređenim parom polupravih zove se orjentisani ugao i obilježava se na slijedeći način ∢ሺ‫,݌‬ ‫ݍ‬ሻ, ∢‫ݍܱ݌‬ ili ߙ. a) b) Ugao orjentisan u smjeru obrnutom kretanju kazaljke na satu je pozitivno orjentisan +ߙ, a ugao orjentisan u smjeru kazaljke na satu je negativno orjentisan ugao – ߚ. Vrijednost trigonometrijskih funkcija negativno orjentisanih uglova (parnost i neparnost trigonometrijskih funkcija): sinሺ−ߙሻ = −‫ߙ݊݅ݏ‬ (neparna) cosሺ−ߙሻ = ܿ‫ߙݏ݋‬ (parna) ‫݃ݐ‬ሺ−ߙሻ = −‫ߙ݃ݐ‬ (neparna) ܿ‫ݐ‬݃ሺ−ߙሻ = −ܿ‫ߙ݃ݐ‬ (neparna) Za neku funkciju ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ definisanu na skupu ‫ܦ‬ kaže se da je parna ako vrijedi: ݂ሺ−‫ݔ‬ሻ = −ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ za ∀‫ݔ‬ ∈ ‫;ܦ‬ a neparna ako vrijedi: ݂ሺ−‫ݔ‬ሻ = −݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ za ∀‫ݔ‬ ∈ ‫.ܦ‬ Uglovi se mogu mjeriti u: 1. Stepenima (pun ugao je 360°) ° − ‫:݊݁݌݁ݐݏ‬ 1° = 60ᇱ = 3600′′ ′ − ݉݅݊‫:ܽݐݑ‬ 1ᇱ = 60′′ ′′ − ‫:ܽ݀݊ݑ݇݁ݏ‬ 1° = 3600′′ + − ‫ݍ‬ ‫ݍ‬ ‫݌‬ ‫݌‬ܱ ܱ
  • 2. CCEA `xÜ|Åt gtuâv|}t? ÑÜÉyA IIÜtéÜxw E Definicija: Devedeseti dio pravog ugla naziva se ugaoni stepen (1° - jedan ugaoni stepen; 1ᇱ - jedna ugaona minuta; 1ᇱ ′ - jedna ugaona sekunda). 2. Radijanima Centralni ugao kružnice kod koga je dužina pripadnog mu kružnog luka jednaka poluprečniku kružnice nazivamo radijan (ugao od 60°). 1 ‫݀ܽݎ‬ = 360° 2ߨ ≈ 57°17ᇱ 45ᇱᇱ 1° = 2ߨ 360° ‫݀ܽݎ‬ Prevođenje stepena u radijane: ݈ = ߨ 180° ∙ ߙ ‫݀ܽݎ‬ Prevođenje radijana u stepene: ߙ = 180° ߨ ∙ ݈ Primjer 1. Ugao ߙ = 7856′′. Koliko ovaj ugao ima stepeni i minuta? 7586:3600 = 2° 7200 656തതതതതതത: 60 = 10ᇱ 600 56′′തതതതത 7586ᇱᇱ = 2° 10ᇱ 56′′ Primjer 2. Ugao ߙ je za 18° manji od svog komplementnog ugla. Koliki je taj komplementni ugao, a koliki ugao ߙ? ߙ + ߚ = 90° ߙ = ߚ − 18° ߚ − 18° + ߚ = 90° 2ߚ = 108° ߚ = 54° ߙ = ߚ − 18° ߙ = 54° − 18° ߙ = 36° Primjer 3. Ugao ߙ je za 12° veći od ଵ ଷ njemu komplementnog ugla. Koliki su ti uglovi? ߙ + ߚ = 90° ߙ = 12° + 1 3 ߚ 12° + 1 3 ߚ + ߚ = 90° 4 3 ߚ = 90° − 12°
  • 3. CCEA `xÜ|Åt gtuâv|}t? ÑÜÉyA IIÜtéÜxw F 4 3 ߚ = 78° 4ߚ = 234° ߚ = 234° 4 = 232 + 2 4 ߚ = 58° + 2° 4 ߚ = 58° + 60ᇱ 2 ߚ = 58° 30′ Primjer 4. Prevesti stepen u radijan ߙ = 60°, ߙ = 270°. ݈ = ߨ 180° ∙ 60° = ߨ 3 ‫݀ܽݎ‬ ݈ = ߨ 180° ∙ 270° = 3ߨ 2 ‫݀ܽݎ‬ ZAVRŠNI DIO: Ponoviti pređenu nastavnu jedinicu. Zadati zadaću. Domaća zadaća: 1. Uglovi trougla odnose se kao 2: 3: 4. Odrediti te uglove. 2: 3: 4 ߙ: ߚ: ߛ = 2: 3: 4 = ݇ ߙ = 2݇ ߚ = 3݇ ߛ = 4݇ ߙ + ߚ + ߛ = 180° 2݇ + 3݇ + 4݇ = 180° 9݇ = 180° ݇ = 20 ߙ = 40° ߚ = 60° ߛ = 80° 2. Popuniti tabelu: ‫݊݁݌݁ݐݏ‬ 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° 90° 120° 135° 150° 180° 270° 360° ‫݀ܽݎ‬ ߨ 4 3ߨ 4