Plato was a Greek philosopher who lived from 427-347 BC. He was a student of Socrates and founded the Academy, one of the first institutions of higher learning. His most famous work is The Republic. In it, he discusses his ideal state and conception of justice. Plato believes the ideal state functions like an extended family, with different classes performing specialized roles for the good of the whole. Individual justice is achieved through self-control and rational thought dominating over desires. The just state and just individual both have different parts working harmoniously together.

1. Philosophy of Plato
Political philosophy of Plato
Book of DR. JH.RAPAR Th.D., Ph.D
STATE, LAW AND JUSTICE
Specific discussion about

2. Who?
• Who is Plato?
• Plato was a philosopher and scholar who lived between 427 and
347 BC. He was a student of Socrates and later formed the first
known "university," called the Academy. His best known work is The
Republic, and his best known concept is the Theory of Forms. The
Theory of Forms states that, while experience is changing and
illusory, ideal forms are unchanging and real. Plato advanced
Parmenides' theory that both experience and forms are real.
Aristotle and Socrates also began their philosophical thought from
Parmenides, who was known as Parmenides of Elea and lived
between 510 and 440 BC. Although his reasoning was shown by
Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, and other philosophers to be mostly
unsound, Parmenides, rather ironically, began the entire concept of
logical deduction that was to make these scholars well-known.
Cahapter 1

3. “the State”
• Conquest of Sparta against Athens
• Implementation of democracy in athens
• Begins with disillusionment with the corrupt state, and
the country's image became corrupted and do not reflect
the country as it should be.
Chapter 2
Plato draw congclusions
“deal state is an ethical community to achieve virtue and kindness
“ideal state is essentially an one family”
“in a country you are all brothers”
“.Whowever a man meets he will think he is meeting a
brother or sister, or mother, or father, or son or
daughter…”
A city ….. Comes into being because each of u is not self-sufficient but need many things

4. State
• The city/( state ) be neither small nor
seeming to be large.
• ..as log as the growing city is willing to
remain a unity. So big let is no father.
Territory and Boundaries

5. Form of state
• Plato said;”…. If there are five kinds of constutions, there should be five
conditions of soul of private men….”
• [My conclusion] Mean…, constution is image from soul of men/
human.
Aitokrasi, government in the hands of aristocrat
Timokrasi, the power or the rule of honor
Oligarki, power in the hands of money
Democration, freedom are the most important
Tyranny, absolute power on one hand

6. “laws”
“… IN one sense it is evident that the art of kingship does
include the art of lawmaking. But the best ting of all is
not full autiroty for laws but rateher full authority for a
man who understands the art of kingship and has
wisdom…”
“.. laws must be closely related to citizens..”
Plato;…
punishment is not a vengeance
violation of the law is considered as a disease
law should be a cure for disease
Chapter 3

7. “justice”
• Chepalos;. “justice is honesty, do not cheat and pay all debts to the
gods and to humans”
• Pholemarcos;.. “justice is giving people what they are entitled”
• Trasymachos;..”….. Justice is noting but the atvantage of the stronger”
Chapter 4
Plato:…..
“There jutice of one man……. And justice of awhole city…. A City
is large than one man…. Then perhaps there would be alarger
justice in the city and easier to undestand… Let us enquire first
what it is in the cities; then we will examine it in the single man,
looking for the likeness of the large in the shape of the smalerr..”

8. • The poper functioning of the money-making
class, the helpers,and the guardians, each doing
its own work in the state… would be justice and
would render the city just.
Platos;…
individual justice is only achieved through self-control. the
possession itself that it will only happen if the rational part of the
soul can control the other two parts, namely the spirit and desire
or lust

9. FILSAPAT POLITIK PLATO BOOK OF
DR. J.H RAPPAR , TH,D., PH.D
Hamdan Hidayat