Effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring device

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TELEMETRIC FLOOD MONITORING
DEVICE
Presented to
The Faculty of Computer Engineering Department
University of Mindanao
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
Harold A. Caparida
Jhun Bryan V. Cenabre
Raldey T. Lape
September, 2013

iii
Abstract
The study was entitled “Effectiveness of the Telemetric Flood Monitoring
Device”. The study aimed to choose the best telemetric flood monitoring
device between the floating sensor design and the ultrasonic sensor design.
Twenty trials were done to test the significant difference among the water level
readings of each design and between the response times of the two designs. The
results showed that the average water level readings, actual, displayed and
transmitted, for the floating sensor the actual reading was seven and fifty-five
hundredths inches while, for the ultrasonic sensor design was five and ninety
hundredths inches. The displayed reading was nine inches, and the transmitted
reading was ten and nine hundredths inches. The average response time for the
floating sensor and ultrasonic sensor are seven and ninety hundredths seconds
and twelve and sixty-seven hundredths seconds, respectively. The results
proved the conclusions of this study.

iv
Acknowledgement
This study was only made possible and the best result because the
proponents have entrusted the following with faith:
The Almighty God for His divine providence, wisdom and grace
showered upon the researchers.
To Mr and Mrs Carlito Jr. B. Caparida, Mr and Mrs Esmeraldo T.
Cenabre, and Mr and Mrs. Godofredo D. Lape for the financial assistance.
To Engr. Maria Christina B. Condez, the adviser, for helping the
researchers in their endeavours.
To Engr. Randy E Angelia for the assistance in the data gathering of the
study.
To Engr. Esther Tan for her helpful advices as the research coordinator
and her guidance on the statistical analysis and presentation of the results of the
study.
To the UM-FLOATS (University of Mindanao – Flood Alert Telemetric
System) team for the hard work in developing the hardware and the software
for the bases of the testing.
H. A. C.
J. B. V. C.
R. T. L.

v
Table of Contents
Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Hypotheses 5
Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework 5
Scope and Limitation of the Study 6
Significance of the Study 7
Definition of Terms 8
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9
3 METHODOLOGY 14
Research Design 14
Sampling Size 15
Research Procedure 15
Statistical Treatment 16
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 17
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 24

vi
REFERENCES 26
APPENDICES 30
CURRICULUM VITAE 40

vii
List of Tables
Tables Pages
1 The Average Values of Parameters Using the Floater
Design
17
2 The Average Values of Parameters Using the Ultrasonic
Sensor
18
3 Physical Specifications of the Floater Design 19
4 Physical Specifications of the Ultrasonic Sensor Design 20
5 The Costs to Develop the Designs 21
6 Analysis of Variance on Water Level Readings using the
Floater Design
22
7 Analysis of Variance on Water Level Readings using the
Ultrasonic Design
22
8 t-test Result Comparing Floater Design and Ultrasonic
Sensor Design on Response Time in Seconds
23
9 Water Level Readings using the Floater Design 31
10 Water Level Reading using the Ultrasonic Sensor Design 32
11 Response Time in Seconds of the Floater Design and the
Sonar Design
33
12 Breakdown of Expenditures for the Infrared Sensor with
Floater Design
34
13 Breakdown of Expenditures for the Ultrasonic Sensor
(Sonar) Design
35
14 Proposed Budget 35

viii
List of Figures
Figures Pages
1 Conceptual Framework 6
2 Image of the Floating Sensor Design 36
3 Image of the Ultrasonic Sensor Design 37
4 Gantt Chart 38

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language (2009)
and the Collins English Dictionary (2003) defines “flood” as an overflowing of
water onto land that is normally dry; as the state of the river that is at an
abnormally high level, and as the rising of the tide from low to high water.
Often times, it is described in accordance to its occurrence in which there is a
temporary rise of the water level, or too much runoff from rain or snowmelt or
by coastal storm surges or other tidal (“Flood”, The American Heritage®
Science Dictionary, 2005).
A post from BBC News UK (2012) states the town, Stonehaven,
Aberdeenshire in Scotland, in which most streets are submerged to the waters
and had mud and debris. Then, the flood, peaked to five meters high, that
happened in Pakistan during the late of July 2010 devastated villages. Twenty
percent of the country was still underwater even after weeks (Department of
International Department [DFID], 2010). Moreover, in Bedfordshire On
Sunday (2012) River Elwy in Britain breached its flood defenses and affected
the 3,400 population.

2
Nevertheless, tropical storm “Ondoy” had its landfall in Central and
Southern Philippines (Ribaya, 2009).Then, according to Alave’s (2011) report
in the Philippine Daily Inquirer, “Sendong” disaster was foretold three years
ago wherein there are extreme weather events that would devastate Cagayan de
Oro and Iligan due to massive flooding. Yet, Malig (2011) posted that
Sendong’s floodwaters overwhelmed the funerals and morgues with the
number of dead bodies retrieved from parts of Cagayan de Oro. Furthermore,
the flash flood killed 17 people because of the heavy downpour that overflowed
the Matina Pangi River, Davao, surrounded by 4 barangays, was posted in the
2nd
update of the abs-cbnNEWS.com (2011). Also, the post from Loqal.ph by
Garriga (2011) states that P150 million will be funded to the Department of
Science and Technology (DoST) for the installation of around 1000 automatic
water level sensors for the whole country in assisting potential flood detection.
Yet, only four rivers in the Philippines are equipped with water level sensors
since 1980’s based from DoST’s data.
Over time, the rainy season has started to batter Mindanao and storm
threats to hit the island. So the city government of Davao is acting to alarm
residents with floods like what killed more than 30 people June of 2012
(Manlupig, 2012). Before 2012 ended, the Philippines was stormed by “Pablo”
(international name Bopha). Mindanao was alarmed up to signal #3, yet, was
lifted as the storm moves over Sulu and Palawan islands. The typhoon had
affected more regions, especially those in low-lying and mountainous areas,
and alerted with possible flash floods and landslides (Rappler.com, 2012).

3
So the researchers, as students of the Computer Engineering Department
of the College of Engineering Education of the University of Mindanao have
attempted to develop a telemetric flood monitoring device. Apt, the proponents
of this study will test the effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring
device.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to establish the best telemetric design for a flood
monitoring device. Specifically, it tried to attain the following objectives:
1. To determine the average values using the following parameters for the
floating sensor design:
a. Water level:
a.1. Actual Reading;
a.2. Displayed Reading; and
a.3. Transmitted Reading
b. Response time of the system
2. To determine the average values using the following parameters for the
ultrasonic sensor design:
a. Water level:
a.1. Actual Reading;
a.2. Displayed Reading; and

4
a.3. Transmitted Reading
b. Response time of the system
3. To determine the physical specifications of the designs, namely:
a. Floating Sensor; and
b. Ultrasonic Sensor
4. To identify the cost to develop the designs, namely:
a. Floating Sensor; and
b. Ultrasonic Sensor
5. To determine if there exists a significant difference in the actual,
displayed and transmitted values of the water level reading for the
floating sensor design.
6. To determine if there exists a significant difference in the actual,
displayed and transmitted values of the water level reading for the
ultrasonic sensor design.
7. To determine if there exists a significant difference in the response time
of the system for the floating sensor and the ultrasonic sensor designs.

5
Hypotheses
H01 : There is no significant difference in the actual, displayed
and transmitted values of the water level reading for the
floating sensor design.
H02 : There is no significant difference in the actual, displayed
and transmitted values of the water level reading for the
H03 : There is no significant difference in the response time of
thesystem for the floating sensor and the ultrasonic sensor
designs.
Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework
The independent variables of this study were the types of design, namely
floating sensor and ultrasonic sensor. An Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) project was developed and deployed flood gauging
instruments in critical flood prone areas. The system used an ultrasonic sensor
to accurately measure and determine the flood water level in real time. The
sensor measures the rate of change of water level and sends the collected
information to the server through a Short Message System (SMS) (Department
of Science and Technology [DoST], 2012). Also, the Floater Sensor Network
(2012) had a floater sensor demonstration to estimate the river flow and
contaminant propagation in real time to make water maps showing the motion

6
of the river which may be a tool to establish the corresponding flow or
overflow due to flood.
Then, the dependent variables were the tests of effectiveness in terms of
water level reading and response time of each type of designs. According to
Zheng’s (2012) study,monitoring flood using multi-source satellite sensors
reliable early flood warning, real-time monitoring of flood development, and
fast and accurate assessment to flood losses are needed to effectively design a
flood monitoring system or device.
Figure 1.The Conceptual Framework
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The researchers covered only the computations and statistical analysis of
the gathered data from the tabulation of trials made. There was a limit of
twenty (20) trials done.
TYPES OF DESIGN
1) Floating Sensor
2) Ultrasonic Sensor
EFFECTIVENESS
a) Water Level Reading
b) Response Time
Independent Variable Dependent Variable

7
The study was limited accordingly to the tally of readings done in
number of trials. Then, the expected response time were gathered in terms of
critical water level only. And there was a comparison and contrast between the
specific physical components and actual cost in the construction of each device.
Significance of the Study
Flood has been one of the inevitable calamities in the world today.
Knowing that 75 percent of the earth’s surface is water, an excess amount
would devastate any low land areas. So, this study described the following as
its target beneficiaries:
Communities. Those that are situated in low-land areas and near the
river banks where flood usually starts. They will attest the functionality of the
selected device in case flood occurs.
University of Mindanao. The institution where the preliminaries were
tested and also as a victim of overflowed waters from the near Davao River. It
will assist the institution on disseminating information as the host for the
control server.
Students. The human factors that most constitute the institutions and
communities to give awareness and update on the flood occurrence. They will
be informed as soon as the flood happens upon their subscription or being
inside the institution.

8
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined accordingly to their function in the
study:
Effectiveness. This is a test on how accurate, precise and reliable a
device is.
Telemetry. The transmission in which the source of data is very distant
Flood monitoring device. An electronic device that identifies the water
level of a location and response in times of critical point through telemetric
system.

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
There have been many studies conducted on how to reduce the risk of
flood to communities: individuals, properties and livelihood. In this section,
researches and literatures are cited to support the following in the
experimentation of the effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring device.
Water Level
The Webster’s Dictionary (2005) defines water level or water mark as a
mark indicating the height to which water has risen, especially the height of
high tide or low tide. This rise of water level is most likely caused by heavy
rainfall. Campbell Scientific Australia (2009) supplied a system in which water
level is measured because most inland floods are the effect of heavy rainfall,
often, a ground which is already saturated by previous rain events can be
expected to be flooded.
Moreover, critical water levels in localities, especially those that are
recognized as flood prone areas, are monitored and recorded. In Bedfordshire,
Great Britain, the River Elwy breached its flood defense and marked a flood
height of 14 feet 3 inches (4.35 meters). This was more than 3 feet (1 meter)
deeper than its record in November 2009 which was 11 feet 4 inches (3.47
meters) (Bedfordshire OnSunday, 2012).

10
Furthermore, during the Sendong flash flood, Betonio (2012) of SunStar
Cagayan de Oro posted that the water level was about nine to ten inches deep.
Then, the heavy rain from tropical storm caused flood waters to rise one meter
(3 feet) high in less than an hour. The rainwater was one month’s worth or so
that reached levels much taller than an average Filipino (Hub, 2012).
Even though inland floods devastate many settlers, the water level can
also be monitored in seas and near shores. Rebaya (2009) posted that during
Ondoy’s landfall, the sea conditions were rough with very big waves in heights
of 3.7 to 4.5 meters.
Response Time
“Response time” is identified as the length of time taken by a system to
respond to an instruction (Collins English Dictionary, 2009). Also, Macmillan
Dictionary (2013) defines it as the amount of time that it takes to react to
something.
Then, a prudent step toward improving public safety services was
having a response time goal (Kroboth, 2003). Also, based from Fitch (1993),
in generating short response times to patience of medical emergencies, a good
average response time for a service may indicate only the service places of its
ambulance or response team in areas of highest demand. With this, a specified
goal is based for percentile compliance. For example, within 10 minutes, 90
percent of the calls must be responded.

11
From setting goals and recording time, monthly monitoring the response
time is the basis for the compliance (International Association of Fire Fighters
[IAFF], 1999). Kroboth (2003) added that an annual basis should be done to
thoroughly review the response time goal compliance. He claimed that
deficiencies should be identified and recommendation can be made to reduce
the response time if operational changes are noted.
Yet, basically, response is an act of responding, a reply or answer to a
demand, or a reaction to a stimulus (Webster’s, 2005). So in concern of time, a
good response has to be done in least time possible.
Principles of Telemetry
Telemetry, to Merriam-Webster Concise Encyclopedia (2013), is when
remote or inaccessible instruments send data, then a receiving equipment
measures, monitors, displays and records in a highly automated communication
process. It is also the transmitting information to a central or host location after
sensing and measuring that information at some remote location, based from
Minnesota State University [MNSU] (2013).
According to L-3 Communications Telemetry West [L-3] (2000),
telemetry is the science of measuring quantities, transmitting the result to
distant station, and interpreting, indicating, and/or recording the quantities
measured. This principle saves time and money in travelling, flood warning (or
forecasting) and know if the station is working correctly (Hycos.org, 2005).

12
When an object’s characteristics are measured (e.g. velocity of an
aircraft), the results are transmitted to a distant station where they are
displayed, recorded and analyzed in the process of telemetry (L-3, 2000). In a
telemetric system, there are exchanges happening between the central system,
periodically triggered by all links by cyclical polling, and the operator that
requests or transmits data to the central supervisory system upon the
occurrence of an event, based from Schneider-electric.com (2013).
Media of Telemetry
According to L-3 (2000), “the transmission media of telemetry may be
by air or space for satellite application, or copper wire and fiber cable for static
ground environments like power generating plants”. Telemetry transmission
can be typed as landline, cellphone, VHF or IHF radio, satellite receiving
systems, or satellite phone (satphone) (Hycos.org, 2005).
Transmission media may be wired or radio link, but it may be noted that
optical, ultrasonic and laser beam links are also used for transmission of data
(Murty, 2008). In Cobham (2012), an application to solar powered aircraft is
conducted as a medium of transmitting power.
Through the media of telemetry, an accurate and precise data can be
expected from this study. Moreover, every time that a critical water level will
be pointed out, an immediate response through SMS should be received from
the server to its concerned clients. Hence, testing the effectiveness a telemetric

13
flood monitoring device supports to establish the best device that suits every
clientele’s consciousness is important.

Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
In conducting the experimental design, precision and accuracy of data
gathering and manipulation took place. The research design, sample size,
research procedure, and statistical treatments were concisely identified by the
researchers in testing the effectiveness of a telemetric flood monitoring device.
Research Design
According to Taylor (2013), in experimental designs, the researchers do
not exist as observers anymore but as experimenters that randomize trials and
compare treatments. Thus, the researchers classified this study as an
experimental research that identified the best and most suitable design for a
telemetric flood monitoring device. This was an experimental research for the
purpose of testing the effectiveness (with respect to the water level reading and
response time records of the two types of design) – the floating sensor and
ultrasonic sensor.

15
Sample Size
There were twenty (20) trials in collecting the readings in water level
and the response time. The reading of the water level in each trial was done
once; however, the response time was observed twice and the shorter time was
recorded.
Research Procedures
The project tested the designs’ effectiveness as a telemetric flood
monitoring device in terms of the readings of water level and the records of
response time. The reading was tallied in three, namely Actual Reading,
Displayed Reading and Transmitted Reading. The actual reading was based on
the human intervention; hence, the actual height of the water was measured by
the researcher. Then, the device had a liquefied crystal display (LCD) display
or an indicator that presented or represented the reading of the circuitry – this
was the displayed reading. Lastly, the control area or server computer gave the
transmitted reading from the device through the Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM). This procedure was repeated for the 20-trial test of
the floater design and the sonar design.
The water was set with a critical level. Each device had an indicator that
signaled the sending of data through the GSM. The indicator kept on blinking
or lighting up until the data was successfully sent. When the indicator was
turned off, the time was recorded as the sent time by the device. Meanwhile, as

16
the software received the data from the device, the time it entered the database
was the received time for the software. There were twenty repetitions done in
gathering the data for the transmission time.
After the tally of readings and time, the specific components used in
each device were compared, and the actual cost in the manufacture of each
design was identified for the alternative perspective of each development.
Statistical Treatment
The statistical treatment used in this study pointed out the significant
differences of the independent variables. The following were the statistical
tools noted in the manipulation of data:
Mean. This was the average reading for water level and response time.
T-test. This tested whether the difference in the response time of the two
designs, floating and ultrasonic sensor, had significance.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in one-way factor. This was used to
test the significant difference between the actual, displayed and transmitted
values of the water level readings.

Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In this chapter, the results of the experimentations were presented. The
instrumentations and statistical references were also discussed. The researchers
calculated the data gathered for further decision making on the hypothesis and
for the effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring device.
In table 1 is presented the average values of parameters using the floater
design. The water level readings are divided into three, namely: actual,
displayed and transmitted readings. All of these average 121.50 inches. Also,
the average response time of the said design is 24 seconds.
Table 1
The Average Values of Parameters Using the Floater Design
Parameters Averages
a) Water Level
Actual Reading 7.55 inches
Displayed Reading 7,55 inches
Transmitted Reading 7.55 inches
b) Response Time 7.90 seconds
The table above displays the similarities of average readings of the
floater design and the average interval of messaging from the device to the
server program. Table 9 and Table 11 of the Appendices tallies the data

18
gathered for every trial done and response time, respectively, for the said
design.
In table 2 is displayed the average values of parameters using the
ultrasonic sensor design. The average water level reading for actual, displayed
and transmitted is all 87.50 inches. Meanwhile, 359 seconds is the mean
response time of this design.
Table 2
The Average Values of Parameters Using the Ultrasonic Sensor
Parameters Averages
a) Water Level
Actual Reading 5.90 inches
Displayed Reading 9.00 inches
Transmitted Reading 10.09 inches
b) Response Time 12.67 seconds
In Table 2, the actual reading differs with the displayed reading because
of the stability of the Arduino’s program which sent a different value. Because
of this, the GSM of device disables to send the data to the server for eleven
trials. Table 10 shows the data of these readings.
Table 3 is the tabulation of the physical specifications of the floater
design. The physical specifications of the device are identified. The quantity or
number of these items and the unit used are also present in this table.

19
Table 3
Physical Specifications of the Floater Design
Physical Specifications Quantity Unit
PVC Structure
Diameter 5 inches
Height 10 feet
Panel
Length 12 inches
Width 12 inches
Thickness 9 inches
Sensor
Infrared 1 piece
The designers of the floater uses a PVC as a containment for the floater
which has a U-trim that blocks and allows the connection of the infrared as the
water inside rises. The panel holds the circuitry of the design as well as the
GSM module for the data transmission. Figure 2 displays the image of this
device.
Table 4 is the enlistment of all the physical specifications of the
ultrasonic sensor design. Physical specifications, quantity as well as its unit are
tallied in this list.

20
Table 4
Physical Specifications of the Ultrasonic Sensor Design
Physical Specifications Quantity Unit
PVC Structure
Diameter 3 inches
Height 8 feet
Panel
Length 6 inches
Width 6 inches
Thickness 3 inches
Sensor
Ultrasonic (sonar) 1 piece
In using the ultrasonic sensor (sonar) for this design, its proponents
programmed the Arduino in calibrating the readings. This Arduino is attached
to the GSM which is inside the panel, placed at the top of the PVC. The sonar
detects the change of water level because of the floater placed inside the tube.
Figure 3 shows the image of the design.
Table 5 is the cost development of each design — floater and ultrasonic
sensor design. The cost in developing the floater design accumulated to 8,296
pesos and 50/100. And an amount of 8,480 pesos is the total costing for the

21
Table 5
The Costs to Develop the Designs
Design Development Cost
Floater Design ₱ 8399.25
Ultrasonic Sensor Design ₱ 7680.00
The costs or expense in developing and manufacturing each design
shows the monetary requirements for its reproduction. In addition, according to
the Department of Regional Development and Environment Executive
Secretariat for Economic and Social Affairs Organization of American States
(1991), infrared scanners, present in the floater design, may be used to monitor
soil moisture and other desertification indicators, yet, having this needs more
money and time allotment. In connection to this, based from the cost
development of each designs, the floater is more costly than the ultrasonic
sensor. Table 12 and Table 13 liquidates the breakdown of these sums.
Table 6 shows the analysis of variance on the water level readings using
the floater design. The computed f-value is zero (0). The tabular value for the
degrees of freedom of 17 for the 0.05-level of significance is 3.59.

22
Table 6
Analysis of Variance on Water Level Readings using the Floater Design
Source of
Variation
df SS MS
F – value
Computed Tabular
Between Groups 2 0 0 0 3.59
Within Group 17 162.45 9.55 α = 0.05
Total 19 162.45
Based on the calculation and manipulation of the gathered data, the
results show that the water level readings of the floating sensor are similar. The
f-value of their means results to zero.
Table 7 is the analysis of variance on water level reading using the
ultrasonic sensor design. Zero (0) is the computed f-value. On a level of
significance of 0.05 and degrees of freedom of 17, the tabulated f-value is 3.59.
Table 7
Analysis of Variance on Water Level Readings using the Ultrasonic Design
Source of
Variation
df SS MS
F – value
Computed Tabular
Between Groups 2 2.80 1.40 0.11 3.59
Within Group 17 202.57 12.08 α = 0.05
Total 19 205.37
In analyzing the f-value of the readings, the means have different values,
yet, the computed f-value is lesser than the tabular f-value. Their differences

23
were all dependent on the functionality of the Adruino and the GSM upheld in
the design.
Table 8 compares the t-test results between the floater design and the
ultrasonic sensor design on the response time in seconds. Since the degree of
freedom of the test is 24, the tabular t-value is 1.711 under the level of
significance of 0.05. And the computed t-value resulted to 2.246.
Table 8
t-test Result Comparing Floater Design and Ultrasonic Sensor Design on
Response Time in Seconds
Response Time
in seconds of
n Mean
T – Value
df Decision
Computed Tabular
Floater Design 20 7.90 1.097 1.711** 27 Accept
Sonar Design 9 12.67
**p < 0.05
By testing the probability of difference of the response time of each
design, the finding prove a lesser t-value for the computation than the
tabulation. A decision of acceptance was made, since the result tells so.

Chapter 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This section answers the problems presented in this study through the
conclusions. And the recommendations are also enumerated in this chapter.
Conclusion
The following are the conclusions of the researchers on testing the
effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring device:
1) There is no significant difference in the actual, displayed and
transmitted values of the water level readings for the floating sensor
design, thus, the null hypothesis is accepted.
2) There is no significant difference in the actual, displayed and
transmitted values of the water level readings for the ultrasonic sensor
design, thus, the null hypothesis is accepted.
3) There is no significant difference in the response time in the system of
floating sensor design and the ultrasonic sensor design, thus, the null
hypothesis is accepted.

25
Recommendation
For the further studies, the proponents suggest the following
recommendations:
1) The testing on the response time on the messaging to multiple
recipients;
2) The online application of the device’s status; and
3) The addition of more trials for a more precise and accurate data
gathering.

26
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Garriga, N. (2011, December 29). PAGASA gets P150M to buy flood sensors.
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world/2011/12/29/pagasa-gets-p150m-to-buy-flood-sensors/.
Hub. (2012, June 6). Tropical Storm Sendong Devastates the Visayas and
Mindanao. HubPages.com. Retrieved on January 13, 2013, from
http://emievil.hubpages.com/hub/Tropical-Storm-Sendong-Devastates-the-
Visayas-and-Mindanao.
Hycos.org. (2005, April).Telemetry. Retrieved on January 8, 2013, from
http://www.whycos.org/fck_editor/upload/File/Pacific-
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Macmillan Dictionary.(2013). Macmillan Publishers Limited. Retrieved on
January 13, 2013, from
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/response-time,

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Malig, J. (2011, December 20). ‘Sendong’ world’s deadliest storm for
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http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/12/19/11/sendong-worlds-deadliest-
storm-2011.
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http://www.rappler.com/nation/6930-davao-ready-for-possible-flooding.
Merriam-Webster Concise Encyclopedia. (2013). Springfield, MA: Merriam-
Webster, Incorporated.
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MN. Retrieved on January 13, 2013, from
http://mavdisk.mnsu.edu/alleng/communications/DataRadio/p_telemetry.pd
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lifted-over-mindanao.
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29
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31
Table 9
Water Level Readings using the Floater Design
Trials
Readings (in inches)
Actual Displayed Transmitted
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10
11 11 11 11
12 12 12 12
13 13 13 13
14 14 14 14
15 15 15 15
16 12 12 12
17 8 8 8
18 10 10 10
19 1 1 1
20 0 0 0
N 20 20 20
Sum 151 151 151
Mean 7.55 7.55 7.55

32
Table 10
Water Level Reading using the Ultrasonic Sensor Design
Trials
Readings (in inches)
Actual Displayed Transmitted
1 0 0 0
2 1 1 1
3 2 2 2
4 3 3 3
5 5 5 5
6 5 26* 26*
7 5 5 5
8 6 25* 25*
9 6 6 6
10 7 7 7
11 8 8 not received**
20 9 31* 31*
N 20 20 11
Sum 118 180 111
Mean 5.90 9.00 10.09
Note: *the device happens to send a different data, even though the water level
did not change
**when the indicator of the device signals that the data has been sent,
yet the server did not receive any data

33
Table 11
Response Time in Seconds of the Floater Design and the Sonar Design
Trials
Response Time (in seconds)
Floater Design Sonar Design
X1 (X1)2
X2 (X2)2
1 4 16 9 81
2 4 16 12 144
3 5 25 14 196
4 9 81 16 256
5 10 100 12 144
6 6 36 bug*
7 5 25 13 169
8 20 400 7 49
9 4 16 15 225
10 8 64 16 256
20 11 121 bug*
N 20 9
Sum 158 1646 114 1520
Mean 7.90 82.30 12.67 168.89
Note: *the device happens to send a different data, even though the water level
did not change
**when the indicator of the device signals that the data has been sent,
yet the server did not receive any data

34
Table 12
Breakdown of Expenditures for the Infrared Sensor with Floater Design
Item Name Quantity Unit Unit Price Total Cost
40-Pin Socket 4 Pcs ₱ 10.00 ₱ 40.00
PIC16f877A 2 Pcs ₱ 250.00 ₱ 500.00
GSM Module Sim 900D 1 Pc ₱ 2225.00 ₱ 2225.00
LED Assorted 30 Pcs ₱ 2.00 ₱ 60.00
Header Connector 1 Set ₱ 45.00 ₱ 45.00
AC/DC Adapter 5V/1.5A 1 Pc ₱ 210.00 ₱ 210.00
AC/DC Adapter 5V/800mA 3 Pcs ₱ 50.00 ₱ 150.00
USB Cable 3 Pcs ₱ 50.00 ₱ 150.00
Socket with Plug 6 Pcs ₱ 20.00 ₱ 120.00
5-Pin Cable Connector 2 Pcs ₱ 20.00 ₱ 40.00
Crystal Oscillator 4MHz 4 Pcs ₱ 38.00 ₱ 152.00
Ceramic Capacitor 8 Pcs ₱ 1.00 ₱ 8.00
Resistor Assorted 58 Pcs ₱ 0.50 ₱ 29.00
PCB Board 5x4 2 Pc ₱ 20.00 ₱ 40.00
PCB Board 2x7 2 Pc ₱ 17.50 ₱ 35.00
Coin Slot Sensor 6 pcs ₱ 50.00 ₱ 300.00
PCB Spacer 16 pcs ₱ 1.00 ₱ 16.00
Bolts and Nuts 60 pcs ₱ 1.50 ₱ 90.00
RJ-45 Jack 4 pcs ₱ 40.00 ₱ 160.00
RJ-45 4 pcs ₱ 8.00 ₱ 32.00
UTP Cable CAT5 6 meter ₱ 20.00 ₱ 120.00
Etching Solution 1 bottle ₱ 25.00 ₱ 25.00
Masking Tape 2 Pc ₱ 31.50 ₱ 63.00
Sticker (Numeric Label) 2 Ft ₱ 30.00 ₱ 60.00
PCB Layout Print 1 sheet ₱ 45.00 ₱ 45.00
Acrylic Spray Paint (Black) 1 Can ₱ 100.00 ₱ 100.00
Acrylic Spray Paint (Silver) 3 Can ₱ 120.00 ₱ 360.00
Sand Paper 1 sheet ₱ 50.00 ₱ 50.00
Acrylic Spray Paint
(Yellow)
1 Can ₱ 120.00 ₱ 120.00
PVC Pipe S-1000 1 length ₱ 628.25 ₱ 628.25
PVC Coupling 3 Pcs ₱ 55.00 ₱ 165.00
Clean-Out with Plug 1 Pc ₱ 70.00 ₱ 70.00
PVC Tee 1 Pc ₱ 70.00 ₱ 70.00
U-Clip Aluminum Rod 10 Ft ₱ 10.00 ₱ 100.00
Plastic Floater 1 Pc ₱ 70.00 ₱ 70.00
Acrylic Board (12in x 12in
x 3mm)
4 sheets ₱ 100.00 ₱ 400.00
Acrylic Board (12in x 12in
x 1.5mm)
1 sheet ₱ 100.00 ₱ 100.00
Angular Aluminum Rod 21 Ft ₱ 10.00 ₱ 210.00

35
Revits 120 Pcs ₱ 0.50 ₱ 60.00
Acrylic Glue 1 Pc ₱ 80.00 ₱ 80.00
Glass Sealant 1 Pc ₱ 170.00 ₱ 170.00
CPU Fan 1 Pc ₱ 50.00 ₱ 50.00
Extension Plug 1 Pc ₱ 70.00 ₱ 70.00
Door Lock 1 Pc ₱ 11.00 ₱ 11.00
Battery 1 Pc ₱ 800.00 ₱ 800.00
TOTAL COST ₱ 8399.25
Table 13
Breakdown of Expenditures for the Ultrasonic Sensor (Sonar) Design
Item Name Quantity Unit Unit Price Total Cost
DC Adapter 2 Pc ₱ 260.00 ₱ 520.00
GSM Module Sims 900D 1 Pc ₱ 2225.00 ₱ 2225.00
GizDuinoATmega 644
Ultrasonic Sensor US-100
1
1
Pc
pc
₱
₱
760.00
325.00
₱
₱
760.00
325.00
Acrylic Glass 4 Pcs ₱ 110.00 ₱ 440.00
Drainage PVC Pipe 10 Ft ₱ 15.00 ₱ 150.00
U Clip 1 length ₱ 110.00 ₱ 110.00
Delivery Cost (Manila) 4 shipping ₱ 250.00 ₱ 1000.00
GSM Prepaid Load 1 Card ₱ 1000.00 ₱ 1000.00
Xiameter Silicon Sealant 1 Pc ₱ 150.00 ₱ 150.00
Miscellaneous 1 expense ₱ 1800.00 ₱ 1000.00
TOTAL COST ₱ 7680.00
Table 14
Proposed Budget
Quantity Unit Description Unit Price Amount
1 ream A4 Paper 225.00 225.00
4 bottle Printer Ink 100.00 400.00
Miscellaneous 1000.00
5 TOTAL 1625.00

36
Figure 2. Image of the Floating Sensor Design:
(a) front view; and (b) back view
(a) (b)
9 Inches
5 Inches
12 Inches
12 Inches
10 Feet
12 Inches
10 Feet
9 Inches
12 Inches

37
Figure 3. Image of the Ultrasonic Sensor Design
3 Inches
6 Inches
6 Inches
8.5 Feet
3 inches

38
Figure 4. Gantt Chart
Activities W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 W19
Orientation
Evaluation of Documents
Evaluation of Datasheets
Survey for Geographic
Significance
Collect of Data
Evaluation of Cost
Evaluate of Physical Components
Statistical Analysis
Preparation for Final Defense
Final Defense of Proposal
Revision of Papers
Submit Final Papers

HAROLD A. CAPARIDA
Purok 8 801-1 Datu Bago Street, Bankerohan, Davao City, Philippines
haroldcaparida@ymail.com
(63) 909 – 364 – 0595
“’Google' is not a synonym for 'research'.”
JOB EXPERIENCE
Position: On-the-Job Trainee (Inet Department)
Company Name: DctecH Micro Services, Incorporated
Address: Ponciano Reyes Street, Davao City
Inclusion: April 4 – May 17, 2013 (256 Hours)
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Bachelor Degree: University of Mindanao, Matina, Davao City
Program: BS Computer Engineering (2008-2013)
Secondary: Daniel R. Aguinaldo National High School
Elementary: Magallanes Elementary School
PROJECTS: (from recent to previous)
Titles Academic Year
Effectiveness of the Telemetric Flood Monitoring Device
(Project Design)
2013-2014
Household Electricity Coin-slot Prepayment System
(Input-Output System)
2013-2014
Enhancement of Encrypted Door (Microprocessors) 2012-2013
Automated Waste Sorter (Advanced Logic Circuits) 2011-2012
Encrypted Door (Assembly Language) 2010-2011
Parking Lot System (Logic Circuits) 2010-2011

JHUN BRYAN V. CENABRE
Blk.6 Lot 12 Phase 2 Narra St. Awhag Village Bacaca, Davao City, Philippines
encryptonian@yahoo.com
(63) 909 – 909 – 9185
“It takes half your life before you discover life is a do-it-yourself project.”
JOB EXPERIENCE
Position: On-the-Job Trainee (EDP Department)
Company Name: Davao City Water District
Address: Km. 5, J.P. Laurel Ave. Davao City, Philippines
Secondary: Davao City National High School
Elementary: San Roque Central Elementary School
(Project Design)
2013-2014
2013-2014
Flood Monitoring System (Microprocessor) 2012-2013
Online Faculty Subject Loading System (Software Eng’g) 2012-2013
Automated Parking Space System (Advance Logic Circuits) 2011-2012
Crowd Limiter System (Assembly Language) 2010-2011

RALDEY T. LAPE
Purok 14, Antonio O. Floirendo, Panabo City, Philippines
raldey_tecson@rocketmail.com
(63) 910 – 289 – 1329
“Imagine, think, act, and perceive.”
JOB EXPERIENCE
Position: On-the-Job Trainee (Technical Operations Dept.)
Company Name: PLDT – PhilCom
Address: Km. 31, National Highway, Gredu, Panabo City
Secondary: Zion Christian School of Tanglaw, Inc.
Elementary: Zion Christian School of Tanglaw, Inc.
(Project Design)
2013-2014
2013-2014
Flood Monitoring System (Microprocessor) 2012 - 2013
Automatic Power Switch for Laboratory Safety and
Conservation of Energy (Advance Logic Circuits)
2012 - 2013
Wind Direction Detection (Assembly Language) 2011 - 2012

Effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring device

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