1. hni-Iew
Sn. apl-ΩZv thfw
XSn-b‚hnS ko¿
- -
Fhn-sS-n-∂mWv
]pd-s∏-Sp-∂Xv?
If-at»cn _kv IØn-°¬, XSn-b‚-
-
hnS kodpw eivIsd Xzøn_ {]Nm-
a‰p-≈h¿ sX‰p sNøp-∂p
- c-Whpw apkvenw kaq-lsØ kw_-
F∂Xv ap°v sX‰p ‘n-t®-S-tØmfw AI-tØ°pw ]pd-
sNøm- p≈ ymb- a - √ . tØ°pw Hcp-]mSp tNmZy-߃ Db¿-
jvS-߃ kln-®v icn Øp-∂p-≠v. tIc-f-Øn¬ Xo{h-hmZ
am{Xw sNøp- ∂ - h ¿, n- {]h- ¿ Øw S- ° p∂p F∂
baw ]men-°p-∂-h¿ B- bmYm¿Yy-am-Wv H∂m-aXmbn CXv
Xy-¥n-I-ambn Chn-sSbpw Am-hcWw sN-øp-∂Xv. CXv A_vZp-
- -
AXn--∏p-dØpw hn-P-bn- ∂m- k n¿ a- A v - Z - n- b psS cmjv { Sob
PohnXhpw PohnXw X-s∂bpw C√m-
°pI Xs∂ sNøpw. A- Xm-°m-pw H∏w X߃-°v CjvS-an-
[m¿an-IXIƒ Xm¬°m-en-
- - √mØ F√m- h - s cbpw X- I ¿- ° m-
Im-izm-k-߃ Hcp ]-t£ pap≈ kph¿Wm-h-k-c-ambn Im-Wp-
{]Zmw sN- b v- X m- e pw ∂-Xn--∏pdw hni-I-ew sNøm-p-≈
BXy-¥n-I-ambn ]-cm-P-b- [m¿anI _m[yX tIcf apkvenw
s∏- S pI Xs∂ sN- ø pw. kaq-lnI, cmjv{Sob, aX -t-Xr-Xz-
ssZh- t _m- [ - a mWv aX- ߃-°p-≠v. Atz-jWw bYm-hn[n
S-∂m¬ sNs∂-ØpI aAvZn-bpsS
Øns‚ Bflm-hv. [m-¿an-I- Ip-∏m-b-Øn¬ am{X-a-√. GsX-¶nepw
X-bmWv AXns‚ ico-cw. aX cmjv-{Sob tXm-°-fpsS `mhn
in-∏n-®Xp sIm≠v Cu kn≥{Uw
c≠m-bn-c-Øn-sbmºXv Unkw_¿ Ccp-]-Øn-bmdv

2. NnIn-’n-°-s∏-Sm≥ t]mIp-∂n-√.
a-°-bnse ISpØ ]oU--Øns‚ ad-hn¬ kmbp[ {]Xn-tcm-[-Ønpw
{]-Xym-{I-aWØnpw Ap-hm-Zan-s√-¶n¬ Nne {]`r-Xn-Isf cl-ky-ambn D∑q-
- - -
e-w sNøp-∂-Xnv Ap-hmZw Xc-W-sa-∂v A`y¿Yn®v {]hm-NI kl-N-cn¬
Nn-e¿ At±-lsØ kao-]n-®p. Hcp {]Xym-{I-aWw S-Øn-bn-s√-¶nepw Nne
i{Xp tXm-°sf KqV-ambn D∑q-ew sN-bvXm¬ ]oU--Ønv henb
Bizmkw e`n-°p-sa-∂-m-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS hne-bn-cp-ج. ]t£ AXnv
adp-]Sn ]d-™-Xv A√mlphm-Wv. ""i{Xp-°-fn¬ n∂v hnizm-kn-Isf {]Xn-
tcm-[n-°p-∂-h≥ A-√m-lphm-Ip-∂p. Ah≥ h©-I-scbpw µn-sI-´-h-scbpw
Hcn-°epw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.'' (A¬l÷v 38).
bp≤-sØbpw kam-[m--sØbpw ]c-kv]cw Iq´n-°p-g-°-cpXv F∂Xv
C-kvem-ans‚ [m¿anI imTy-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv. FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ Iq´n-°p-g-°p-∂p-
s≠-¶nepw apkvenw-Iƒ GtXm Hcp ne-]mSv {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ Dd-
®p n¬°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. AXnv F¥p hne ¬tI≠nh∂mepw AXv
D÷z-e-ambn Gs‰-Sp-Ø-XmWv ]q¿h kqcn-I-fpsS Ncn{Xw.
]ucXzw Hcp Icm-dm-Wv. XSn-b‚-hnS ko¿ Dƒs∏-sSbp-≈-h-sc-°p-
dn®v t]meokv ]d-bp-∂Xv icn-bm-sW-¶n¬, ]uc-XzsØ nIr-jvSambn h©n- -
°p-I-bm-W-h¿ sNbvX-Xv. {]apJ B[p-nI Ckvem-anI ]fin-X-mb e_-
m-nse ss^k¬ auehn ]d-bp∂p: ""]uc-_m-[y-X-Ifpw Ah-Im-i-ßfpw
Hcp-an®p sIm≠pt]mIm≥ Ign-bWw. Ah-Im-i߃ am{Xw Ap-`hn®v _m[y-
- - -
X-Ifn¬-n∂v Hgn-™p-am-dm≥ Ign-bn√. ]uc-Xz-sa-∂Xv cmjv{S-hp-am-bp≈ Icm-
-
dm-Wv. cm-jv{SsØ NXn-°m≥ apkven-anv Ap-hm-Z-an-√. _n(-k) {]kvXm-
hn-°p∂p: "F√m NXn-b-∑m¿°pw AS-bm-f-ambn Hcp sImSnbp≠m-Ipw.' bp≤
{]Jym-]n-X i{Xp-°sf NXn-°p-∂Xpw Ah-tcm-Sp≈ Icm¿ ewLn-°p-∂Xp
t]mepw C-kvemw Ip‰-I-c-am-bmWv ImWp-∂-Xv.
GsXmcp ]ucpw ]ucXz _m-[y-X-Iƒ n¿h-ln-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-m-
Wv. AXv ew-Ln-°p-∂bmƒ in£m-hn-t[-bm-Wv. cmjv{S-Øn¬ {]m_-ey-Øn-
- -
ep≈ F√m nb-aßfpw ]men-°m≥ Abmƒ _m[y-ÿm-Wv. nIp-Xn sIm-
- -
Sp-°Ww... Cu ASn-ÿm-Øn-emWv a-‰p-≈h¿ Abm-tfmSv CS-]gIp-I. Hcmƒ
- - - - -
amXr-cm-PyØv Pohn-®m¬ AXns‚ A¿-Yw Ap-h-Z-o-bhpw nb-am-p-kr-X-
hp-amb- Hcp Imcyw Abmƒ sXc-s™-Sp-Øp F∂m-Wv.''
apkvenw-kaq-lØns‚ tZi-°qdv tNmZyw sNøm≥ {ian-°pI F∂-XmWv
- -
CØcw kw`-hßfp-sS-sb√mw ]-›m-Øe-Øn¬ Ac-tß-dm-dp≈Xv. bYm¿Y-
- -
Øn¬ Ahs‚ tZi-°q-dnv Ahs‚ a-X-t_m-[-hp-am-bmWv _‘w.
C¥y-bnse {]apJ lZokv ]-fin-X-m-bn-cp∂ A≥h¿jm Iivaocn
1977 Unkw-_-dn¬ s]j-hm-dn¬ IqSnb PwC-ø-Øp¬ De-a-bpsS s]mXp-k-
tΩ-f- {]kw-K-Øn¬, Hcp apkvenw cmPyw C¥ysb B{I-an-®m¬ apkvenw-
I-fpsS ne-]m-sS-¥m-bn-cn-°pw F∂ tNmZy-ap-≤cn-®p-sIm≠v At±lw ]d-
bp-∂p: ""h-fsc Xcw-XmW Hcp tNmZy-am-Wn-Xv. C-¥y-bnse apkvenw-Iƒ°pw
Aap-kvenw-Iƒ°p-an-S-bn¬ (kzmX-{¥y-Ønp ti-jap-≈ -km-l-N-cy-Øn¬
apkvenw-Iƒ-°pw Pm-[n-]Xy `c-WIq-SØn-p-an-Sbn¬˛-te-JI≥) Icm¿ ne-
- - - -
Bbn-cØn mq‰n ap∏Ønsbm∂v apl¿dw HºXv

3. nb-a-_m-ly-amb {]Xn-tcm[ hgn-Iƒ thZm kwlm-cn-I-
sf-t∏m-se-bm-Wv. Hcp-]t£ AXv Xm¬°m-enI ^ew
¬In-tb°pw. samØ-Øn¬ AXv ico-csØ Zp¿_-es∏- -
Sp-Øp-IbmWv sNøp-I. nb-ahn-cp≤ {]Xn-tcm-[߃ Nne-
- - -
t∏mƒ Xm¬°m-enI ^e-߃ ¬In-tb-°pw. ]t£ AXv
samØ-Øn¬ cmjv{S ico-csØ Am-tcm-Ky-Øn-te°v
bn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-I. B Am-tcm-Ky-Ønv henb
hne sImSp-t°-≠n-h-cnI cmPysØ yq-]£ ]n∂m°
Zcn{Z Phn-`m-K-߃ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw.
hn-ep-s≠-¶n¬ n›-b-ambpw apkvenw-Iƒ AXv ]men-°pw. F∂p am{X-a-√,
AØ-c-sam-cp Icm¿ ne-n¬°p-t∂-S-tØmfw Hcp apkvenw cmjv{S-Ønpw
C¥ysb B-{Ian-°m≥ A[n-Im-c-an-√. C¥y≥ ap-kv-enw-I-fpsS cmjv{Shp-am-
bp≈ Icm-dns amn-°m≥ a‰p cmjv{S-ß-fnse apkvenw-Iƒ _m[y-ÿ-cm-
Wv.'' dkq¬(-k) ]d-bp-∂p: ""apkvenw-IfpsS Icm-dp-Iƒ H-∂m-Wv. Hcp apkvenw
-
a‰p-≈hcp-ambn h-√ Icmdpw sNbvXm¬ AXns BZ-cn-°¬ F√m-hcp-sSbpw
- - -
IS-a-bmWv'' (_p-Jm-cn 3180).
kwLv]-cn-hm¿ CubnsS tIc-f-Øn¬ S-Ønb Hcp Imº-bn-m-bn-cp-
∂p "BZyw cmPyw ]ns∂ aXw.' apkven-anv H∂m-asØ hnjbw aXw
Xs∂bm-Wv. cmPyhp-am-bp≈ Ahs‚ _‘-Øn-s‚ ASn-Ød t]mepw aX-
am-Wv. BZyw cmPyw ]ns∂ aXw F∂v kwLv]cn-hm¿ ]d-bp-tºmƒ Ah¿°v
-
cmjv{Sw X-s∂-bmWv aXw. AYhm cmjv{S-amWv Rß-fpsS aXw, nß-fp-
tSXpw A-ß-s Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°Wsa-∂m-Wv. ap-kv-enw cmPy-tØmSv Iqdp-≈-
h-m-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv Ah≥ aXap-‡m-hp-tºm-g√, aX-{]-Xn-_≤Xbp-≈hm-
- - - - - - -
Ip-tºm-gm-Wv.
apkvenw kaq-l-tØm-Sp≈ `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ hnth-N--ßfpw ^mjn-
Ãp-I-fpsS B{I-a-W-ß-fp-amWv apkvenw Xo{h-hm-Z-Ønv C‘--am-hm-dp-≈-
Xv. F-∂m¬ CØcw hgn-hn´ {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ IqSp-X¬
ISpØ ]o-UØnpw a‰pw Imc-Wam-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXv Ahs
- - - -
ho≠pw ISpØ `oI-c-m°n am‰p-∂p. oXn-n-tj[w Xo{h-hm-Z-Ønpw Xo{h-
hmZw Iq-Sp-X¬ ISpØ oXn-n-tj-[-Ønpw Im-c-W-am-hp-∂p. CXv Nne
apkvenw-Iƒ A-I-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ Hcp hnj-a-hr-Ø-am-Wv. Cu kao-]--Øn¬
am‰w hcpØm-tØ-S-tØmfw Ah¿°v Cu hnj-a-hr-Ø-Øn¬n∂v c£-s∏-
Sm≥ I-gn-bn-√. a‰p-≈-h¿ Ω-tfmSv AXn-{Iaw sNøp-∂n-t√, At∏mƒ ap-
s°-¥p-sIm≠v Xn-cn®v AXn-{Iaw sNbvXp-IqSm F∂-Xm-Wv AXns‚ bp‡n.
Cu bp‡n-sIm≠v {]ivw ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bns√∂p am-{X-a√ IqSp-X¬
hj-fm-hp-I-bmWv F-∂Xnv B¿°pw ImWm≥ Ign-bp∂ Ap-`-h-߃ -
ΩpsS ap∂n-ep-≠v.
At∏mƒ Fßs Cu hnj-ahr-ØØn¬n∂v ]pd-Øp-IS°pw. hnizm-
- - - -
kn-bpsS A[nI [m¿an-IXsIm≠v am{Xta i{Xp-hns‚ Cu sIWn-bn¬n∂v
c≠m-bn-c-Øn-sbmºXv Unkw_¿ Ccp-]-Øn-bmdv

4. c£-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bq. a‰p-≈-h¿ sX‰p sNøp∂p F∂Xv ap°v sX‰p sNøm-
p≈ ymb-a-√. jvS-߃ kln-®v icn am{Xw sNøp-∂-h¿, nbaw ]men-
°p-∂-h¿ BXy-¥n-I-ambn Chn-sSbpw AXn--∏p-dØpw hnPbn-°p-I Xs∂
sNøpw. A[m¿an-I-X-Iƒ Xm¬°m-en-Im-izm-k-߃ Hcp]t£ {]Zmw
sNbvXmepw BXy-¥n-I-ambn ]cm-P-b-s∏-SpI Xs∂ sNøpw. ssZh-t_m-[-
amWv aX-Øns‚ Bflm-hv. [m¿an-I-X-bmWv AXns‚ ico-cw.
apkvenwXo{h-hm-ZsØ `c-W-IqSw Xs∂ kvt]m¨k¿ sNøp-∂p, ap-
kvenw-k-aq-l-Øns‚ `mK-Øp-n-∂p≈ CØcw {]h¿Ø--߃°v km{am-
Py-Xzw k¿h klm-bhpw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p apXemb hkvXp-X-Iƒ
CØncn _p≤n-bp-≈-h¿°v a-€n-em-hp∂ hn[-Øn¬ C∂v hy‡-am-Wv.
apwss_ `oI-cm-{I-aWw S-Øn-bXn¬ ]mIn-kXm-pw apkvenw anen-‰‚ v {Kq∏p-
- v-
Iƒ°pw ]¶p-≠m-bn-cn-°mw. ]t£ AXn-t-°mƒ ]¶v AXn¬ Ata-cn°°p-
≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂v C∂v hy‡am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv. tUhnUv slUven
-
A-ta-cn-°≥ Nmc-m-sW∂v Ct∏mƒ hy‡-ambn Ign-™n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
At∏mƒ apkven-ans sIm≠v `oIc {]h¿Øw sNøn-°p-∂Xv Ckvem-a-√,
Ata-cn-°-bm-Wv. cmPysØ Ckvem-anI kwL-S--I-f√, `c-W-Iq-S-Ønse
Xs∂ apkvenw-hn-cp≤ C‚-en-P≥kv tem_n-bm-Wv. AXv Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-
bm-Ø, AXn¬ sN∂p-ho-gm≥ am{Xw _p≤n-tam-i-ap≈ XSn-b‚-hnS ko-dp-
am¿ Cu kap-Zm-b-Øn-ep≠v F∂-XmWv kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Zu¿`m-Kyw.
C¥y-bn¬ apkvenw sX‰v sNbv-Xmepw lnµp sX‰v sNbvXmepw Htc
{]Xn-I-c-W-a√ F∂Xv Hcp aq¿Ø bm-Ym¿Yy-am-Wv. CXns apkvenw Fß-
s-bmWv tcn-tS-≠-Xv. Cu hkvXpX cmPy-a-€m£n-bpsS ap∂n¬ Nq-
≠n°mWn-°p-Ibpw AXn-s-Xn-cmbn _lp-P-m-`n-{]mb cq]o-I-c-W-Ønv
cmPysØ atX-Xc hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw am-hnI hmZn-I-fp-sSbpw ]n¥p-W-
tbm-sS {ian-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. F∂m¬ At∏mgpw {]ivw ]q¿W-ambn
]cn-lcn-°s∏-´p-sIm-≈Wsa-∂n-√. CØcw _lp-Pm-`n-{]mb cq]o-IcW {ia-
- - - - - -
߃ S-Øp-tºmƒ Xs∂ tctØ kqNn-∏n® Ckvemw {]Zmw sNøp∂
icm-i-cn-°-∏p-d-ap≈ Db¿∂ [m¿an-I-X-sIm≠v am{Xta AhnXns t`Zn-
°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-f-fq. {]Xn-Im-c-Øns‚ tIhe bp‡n-hmZwsIm≠v Ahv
CXn¬n∂v ]pd-Øp-I-S-°m≥ Ign-bn-√.
en_n-b-bn¬ ctWm-’p-I-amb tImf-n-hn-tam-N ka-c-Ønv t-Xr-
Xzw ¬Inb ]fin-X-mWv Da¿ ap-Jv-Xm¿. C‰-en-°m¿ apkvenw t]mcm-fn-I-
fpsS arX-i-co-c-߃ AwK-`wKw hcp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ AtX mW-b-Øn¬ Xncn-
®-Sn-°m≥ {ian-® Ap-bm-bn-I-tfmSv A-t±lw ]d-™p: ""nß-fpsS Kpcp-°-
∑m¿ C‰-en-°m-c-√. A√m-lphpw Ahs‚ {]hm-N-I-p-am-Wv.''
ChnsS [m¿anIX apkven-ans‚ {]Xn-n-[m--Øn-t‚bpw AXn-Po-h--
Øn-t‚bpw {]iv-am-Wv. GsX-¶nepw hn-`mKw nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn {]h¿Øn-
°p∂p F∂Xv apkven-anv nbaw ssIbn-se-Sp-°m-p≈ ymb-am-I-cp-Xv.
cmPyØv nb-a-hmgvN ne-n¬°pI F∂Xv a‰m-tc-°mfpw cmPysØ Zp¿-
_-e P-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-am-Wv. k-º-∂pw kh¿Wpw nb-a-hmgvN
b-Ym-hn[n ne-n-∂n-s√-¶nepw Ahs‚ Imcy-߃ S-°pw. Ah≥ kpc-£n-
X-m-bn-cn-°pw. a‰m-tc-°mfpw nb-a]cn-c£ Bh-iy-ap-≈Xv A[x-ÿnX a¿Zn-
- -
Bbn-cØn mq‰n ap∏Ønsbm∂v apl¿dw HºXv

5. X P-hn-`m-K-Øn-m-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ nb-a-hm-gvN-bpsS Bbp-cm-tcm-
Kyw h¿[n-∏n-°pI F∂Xv apkvenw k-aq-lØns‚ {][m _m[y-Xbm-hWw.
- -
nb-a-_m-ly-amb {]Xn-tcm[ hgn-Iƒ thZm kwlm-cn-I-sf-t∏m-se-bm-Wv.
Hcp-]t£ AXv Xm¬°m-enI ^ew ¬In-tb°pw. samØ-Øn¬ AXv ico-
csØ Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv sNøp-I. nb-a-hn-cp≤ {]Xn-tcm-[-߃ Nne-
t∏mƒ Xm¬°m-enI ^e-߃ ¬In-tb-°pw. ]t£ AXv samØ-Øn¬
cmjv{S ico-csØ Am-tcm-Ky-Øn-te°v bn-°p-IbmWv sNøp-I. B Am-
-
tcm-Ky-Ønv henb hne sImSp-t°-≠n-hcnI cmPysØ yq-]£ ]n∂m°
-
Zcn{Z Phn-`m-K-߃ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw.
`oI-c-hm-Z-Øn-s-Xnsc apkvenw-k-aqlw AXn-i-‡-ambn cwK-Øp-h-tc-
≠-Xp-≠v. ]t£ AXv `oI-c-hmZsØ°p-dn®v HutZym-KnI `mjy-߃ A‘-
ambn hniz-kn-®p-sIm-≠-√. ΩpsS m´nse `oI-c-hmZw Ata-cn-°bpw ]mIn-
kvXmpw `cWIqS DtZym-Kÿ kaq-l-Ønse Hcp hn`m-Khpw Iptd Xo{h-
hm-Zn-Ifpw ]c-kv]cw Adn™pw Adn-bm-sXbpw Hcp-an®p tN¿∂v S-Øp∂
Hcp aƒ´n mjv¬ hyh-km-b-am-Wv. km{am-PyXzw Htc-k-abw ΩpsS
cmPysØ Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-sfbpw `c-W-IqS-sØbpw klm-bn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXn-
eqsS Ah-cpsS c≠p i{Xp-°sf Hcp-an®v XI¿°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂-h¿ IW-
°p-Iq-´p-∂p. Hcp cmPy-sa∂ ne°v C¥y-sbbpw Hcp BtKmf P-k-aq-l-
sa∂ ne°v apkvenw-I-sf-bpw. Cu I≈pw t]meokpw Ifn-bn¬ `c-W-
IqSw Pbn-®mepw Xo{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ Pbn-®m-epw Ata-cn-°°v em`-am-Wv. ImcWw
km{am-PyXzw Cu Ifn-bn¬ Xnc-»o-e°v ]n∂n-em-Wv. `oI-c-hmZ-Øns‚ Cu
cmjv{So-bsØ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ ΩpsS Hcp ÿqe cmjv{So-b-Ønpw kq£va-
cm-jv{So-b-Ønpw Ign-bp-∂n-√. `oI-c-hmZ `oI-cm-tz-jW hyh-km-b-Øns‚
ASp-°-f-Isf Am-h-cWw sNøm≥ ΩpsS Hcp am[ya {]h¿Ø--Ønpw
km[n-°p-∂n-s√∂p am{X-a√ Ahco Iq´p-sI-´nse {]_-e-amb Hcp IÆn-bm-
Wv.
Ipd-hs‚ ssIbnse Ipc-ßs t]mse ΩpsS t]meo-kp-Im¿ sIm≠p-
-S°p∂ XSnb‚-hnS ko-dns C{X-Im-ehpw kwc-£n-®Xv t]meokv Xs∂-
-
bm-sW∂v kwi-bn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. mb-m¿ h[-t°-kn¬ {]Xn-tN¿°-
s∏-´-Xns‚ t]cn¬ ko-dns AdÃv sNøm≥ AbmfpsS `mcy-ho-´n¬
tUhnUv slUven Ata-cn-°≥ Nmc-m-sW∂v Ct∏mƒ
hy‡-ambn Ign-™n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ apkven-ans
sIm≠v `oIc {]h¿Øw sNøn-°p-∂Xv Ckvem-a√, Ata-
-
cn-°-bm-Wv. cmPysØ Ckvem-anI kwL-S--I-f√, `c-W-
Iq-SØnse Xs∂ apkvenw-hn-cp≤ C‚-en-P≥kv tem_n-bm-
-
Wv. AXv Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bm-Ø, AXn¬ sN∂p-ho-gm≥
am{Xw _p≤n-tam-i-ap≈ XSn-b‚-hnS ko-dp-am¿ Cu kap-
Zm-b-Øn-ep≠v F∂-XmWv kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Zu¿`m-Kyw.
c≠m-bn-c-Øn-sbmºXv Unkw_¿ Ccp-]-Øn-bmdv

6. t]meokv h∂n-cp-∂p. Abmsf ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]mb t]meokv ]n∂oSv Ipd®p
kabw Ign™v B ho´n¬h∂v Abmƒ c£-s∏´pIf™p F∂p ]d-™p.
Cu kw`hw hnh-cn® AbmfpsS `mcym amXmhv ]d-bp-∂Xv t]meo-kns‚
klm-ban-√msX Abmƒ°v c£-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂m-Wv. ko-
-
dns c£n-®Xv CS-Xp-]£amtWm heXp]£-amtWm F∂v I£n-cm-jv{Sob
- -
hmIv]-b-‰n--∏pdw ko-dns c£n-®Xv CS-Xp-Im-e-sØbpw he-Xp-Im-e-
sØbpw tIcfm t]meo-km-Wv.
CØ-c-samcp Xew Acßp XI¿°p∂ aAvZn th´°pap≠v. Fs‚
kplr-Øns ss_°v HmSn-°p-∂-Xn-n-S-bn¬ Hcn-°¬ t]meokv ]nSn-®p.
ssek≥kv ImWn-°m≥ ]d-™p. Ah≥ ssek≥kv ImWn-®p. ss{Uhnw-
Kn¬ nbaw sX‰n®p F∂p t]meokv ]d-™p. AXv icn-b√ F∂-h≥ ]d-
™p ÿm]n-®p. At∏mƒ t]meo-kp-Im-c≥ ]d-™p. F∂m¬ Ipg-∏-an√
Rm≥ sl¬a-‰nv Nm¿Pv sNbvXp-sIm-≈mw. CXp-t]mse aAvZnsb IpSp-
°ntb Xocq F∂v t]meokv tctØ Xocp-am-n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p tXm∂n-
∏n-°p-∂-XmWv t]meo-kv S-]-Sn-Iƒ.
Ign™ ]m¿e-sa‚ v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ CS-Xp-]£w ]n.-Un.-]n-bpambn
cmjv{Sob kJy-ap-≠m-°p-tºmgpw t]meokv IÃ-Un-bn-ep≈ {]Xn-Iƒ aAvZn
-
]e tIknepw {]Xn-bm-sW∂v ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠mbn-cp-∂p. AXn¬
Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p aWn F∂ bqkp-^v. ]t£ Xs∂-s°m≠v t]meokv n¿_-
‘n®v aAvZnbpsS t]cv ]d-bn-°p-Ibm-bn-cp∂p F∂v Abmƒ ]n∂oSv shfn-
-
s∏-Sp-Øn. `c-W-Øn-ep≈ CS-Xp-]£w tIkv ^b-ep-Iƒ ]-cn-tim-[n®v At±-
l-Øns‚ nc-]-cm-[nXzw t_m[y-s∏´ tij-amWv aAvZn-bp-ambn kJyw
IqSm≥ Xocp-am-n-®-sX-∂mWv A∂v CSXp tXm-°ƒ kzIm-cy-ambn hy‡-
am-°n-bXv. ]t£ At∏mgpw t]meo-kn¬ Hcp hn`mKw XpS-cp∂ aAvZn
th´sb A`napJo-I-cn-°m≥ CS-Xp-]£w hnk-Ω-Xn-®p. AXns‚ hne-bmWv
Ah¿ Ct∏mƒ HSp-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
]mIn-kvXm-n¬ Hmtcm Znh-khpw s]m´n-sØ-dn-°p-∂Xv BcpsS km[-
-amWv? AXnp ]n∂n¬ BcpsS Ic-ßfmWv? ]mIv Xmen-_m≥ F∂ sIme-
-
bmfn kwLw BcpsS hf¿Øp ]p{X-m-Wv. C¥y°pw ]mIn-kvXmpw i{Xp-
hm-bn-cn-s°-Xs∂ Ah¿°v Ah-c-dn-bmØ h√ s]mXp-i-{Xp-°-fp-apt≠m?
tImÃv Km¿Uv cq]o-IcWØn¬ ]¶m-fn-bm-hp-Ibpw shÃv _wKm-fnse
- - -
lm¬Un-b-bn¬ Gsd-°mew B tk-bpsS Aa-c-°m-c-mbn Ccn-°p-Ibpw
C¥y≥ tImÃv Km¿Uns‚ Xe-h-mbn hnc-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvX {]`m-I-c≥
]tecn ]d-bp∂p: ""]pd-Øp-n∂v h√-hcpw B{I-an-°m≥ hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
AXns XSp-°m-p≈ F√m Ignhpw ap-°p-≠v. F¥p-sIm-≠v -AXv sNøp-
∂n-√ F∂-Xn¬ am{Xta A¤p-X-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≈q.'' C¥y-bn¬ GXp `oIc
{]h¿Øw S-∂mepw AXns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw ]mIn-kvXm-m-sW∂ hmZw
icn-bm-tWm -F∂ tNmZyØnp-Ø-c-ambn At±lw ]d-bp∂p: ""]mIn-kvXm-
n¬ am{Xw HXp-ßn-n¬°p-∂-X-√. C¥y-bpsS miw ImØn-cn-°p∂
F{Xtbm cmPy-ß-fp-≠v. kulrZw Sn®p n¬°p∂ cmPy-ß-sf-bmWv
G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ `b-t°-≠-Xv. C¥y-bpsS XI¿® ImØn-cn-°p-∂, AXn-
Bbn-cØn mq‰n ap∏Ønsbm∂v apl¿dw HºXv

7. mbn Ahn-{iaw {ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°p∂ cmPy-ß-fpsS t]cv Fs‚ mhn≥
Xpºn-ep-≠v. AXv ]d-bn-√. c≠mWv Imc-Ww. H∂v, AXnp nc-Øm≥ hy‡-
amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ thWw. c≠v, Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ AXv ]d-bp-∂Xv icn-b-√.
F¶nepw AXp≠v F∂Xv hmkvX-hw. ΩpsS {][m i{Xp BcmWv?
]mIn-kvXm≥? F¥np ]mIn-kvXmp tsc hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂p. AXv sX‰mb
nK-a--am-Wv. ]mIn-kvXm≥ thsd i‡n-I-fpsS ASn-a-bm-bn, thsd i‡n-
Iƒ°p th≠n {]h¿Øn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXmWv Rm≥ tcsØ ]d™-Xv.
C¥y-bnse P-߃- D-]-cn-π-h-am-bmWv Imcy-ßsf ImWp-∂-sX-∂v. C¥y-
bpsS hf¿®-bn¬ ]e¿°pw `b-am-Wv. Ah¿ sΩ in-∏n-°m≥ ]e am¿Khpw
tm°pw. ]≠v ]mIn-kvXmpw ssNbpw bp≤w sNbvXp. C∂v bp≤-Øns‚
km[yX Ipd-hm-Wv. thsd Nne¿ ΩpsS Irjn in-∏n-°m≥ `£y klmbw
¬In. `£y-km-[--߃ kuP-y-ambn In´p-tºmƒ F√m-hcpw DZm-ko--
cm-hp-at√m?'' (Iem-Iu-apZn 2009 Unkw-_¿ 20).
`oI-c-hm-Z-Øns‚ t]cn¬ apkvenw kap-Zm-bsØ th´-bm-Sp-∂-Xn-eqsS
AXns‚ ]n∂nse bYm¿Y i‡n-Isf ka¿Y-ambn ad-®p-sh-°m≥ X¬]-c-
I-£n-Iƒ°v km[n-°p-∂p. CXn-¿Yw CXn¬ {]Xn-I-fmb apkvenw-I-sf√mw
nc-]cm-[n-Ifm-sW-∂√. Ah-cpsS hy-hn-Im-cßsf D]-tbm-Ks∏-SpØn henb
- - - - -
AP≠ S-∏m-°p-∂ B`y-¥c sshtZ-inI i‡n-Iƒ c£-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p
am{X-am-Wv. Cu Ahn-th-In-Iƒ Hcp kap-Zm-bsØ samØw tm¨ Ad-ÃUv
]p≈n-Ifmbn ]nSn-°m≥ Ah-kcsam-cp°n-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibm-W.v CXp-Xs∂-bmWv
- - - - -
Ch-cpsS ]n∂n-ep-≈-h-cpsS Xm¬]cyw.
Hmtcm kw`-hap-≠m-Ip-tºmgpw ΩpsS kv{Ionepw t]Pnepw apkvenw-
-
Iƒ F{X-th-K-amWv Ip‰∏-{X-Øn¬ {]tXyIw t]cn-√mØ s]mXp Ip‰-hm-fn-
I-fmbn amdp-∂-Xv. apkvenw amt-Pvsa‚n-ep≈ ]{X-߃ Hcp cm{Xn Ign™v
kqcy-p-Zn-°p-tºm-tg°v ΩpsS am[y-ancq-]-I¿°v apkvenw ]{X-ambn amdp-
∂p! ]t£ ΩpsS m´n¬ H‰ lnµp ]{Xhpw mb¿ ]{X-hp-an-√. tZiob
]{Xw am{X-ta-bp-≈q. {]ikvX Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ k°-dnb ]d-™-Xp-t]mse
""Hcp]t£ ae-bmfn kaqlw C∂-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ G‰hpw Kpcp-X-c-amb
kmwkvIm-cnI cmjv{Sob `ojWn am[y-a-ß-fpsS lrZ-b-iq-y-amb h¿Kob
AP≠ Xs∂-bm-Wv.''
tIc-f-Øn¬ apkvenw-Iƒ Sp-n-h¿Øn n∂v Gsd sNdp-sX-¶nepw
hfsc henb {]Xym-Lm-X-߃ D≠m-°m≥ t]m∂ kaq-l-Ønse Xo{h-
hmZ {]h-W-Xsb tcn-S-Ww. Hmtcm kwL-S-°pw Ah-cpsS aX hymJym
ssien-b-p-k-cn®v CXn-s-Xnsc kap-Zm-bsØ s]mXp-hnepw {]h¿Ø-Isc
khn-ti-jambpw {]t_m-[n-∏n-°Ww. AXnp ]Icw `oI-chm-ZØns‚ Im‰pw
- - - -
tImfp-ap-≠m-Ip-tºm-sg√mw Atß-b‰w ncp-Ø-c-hm-Z-]-c-ambn, CXn-Iw A-
t-Iw hmfy-߃ ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-°-gn-™ auZqZn sXdn-∏m´v ]ns∂-bpw ]mSn-b-
Xp-sIm≠v {]tXy-In®v {]-tbm-Psam-∂p-an-√. auZq-Zn-tbmSv mw F{X hntbm-
- -
Pn-®mepw Xo{h-hmZw Hcp A[m¿anI hyh-km-b-am-sW∂v G‰hpw ∂mbn
Xncn-®-dn™ B[p-nI C-kv-em-anI ]fin-Xpw mb-I-p-am-W-t±-lw.
c≠m-bn-c-Øn-sbmºXv Unkw_¿ Ccp-]-Øn-bmdv