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The Sounds ofThe Sounds of
LanguageLanguage
Presenter:
Nadeem Anjum
(M.A. English, 2nd
Semester, Roll#1)

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• Scientific study of production,
transmission & reception of
human speech sounds
PhoneticsPhonetics

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Branches of PhoneticsBranches of Phonetics
• Articulatory Phonetics (Production)
• Acoustic Phonetics (Transmission)
• Auditory Phonetics (Reception)

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Consonant SoundsConsonant Sounds
Consonant sounds can be classified
according to three dimensions:
1.Voicing (voiceless or voiced)
2.The Place of Articulation (where
the sound is made)
3.The Manner of Articulation (how
the sound is made)

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VoicingVoicing
• A sound is voiced if the
vocal cords vibrate.
• A sound is voiceless if the
vocal cords are not
vibrating.

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Place of ArticulationPlace of Articulation
1. BilaBial- two lips touching each
other
2. laBio dental- lower lip touches the
upper teeth
3. dental- tip of the tongue and the
inner edge of the upper teeth
4. alveolar- tip of the tongue and hard
palate

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5. Palatal- the tongue
and hard palate
6. velar- dorsal tongue
and soft palate
7. Glottal- throat passage

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Manner of ArticulationManner of Articulation
1. StopS/ploSiveS- These are the sounds
produced when the air stream is blocked
completely before it is abruptly released.
2. FricativeS- These are the sounds
produced when the air stream is
compressed and passes through a small
opening creating friction. The sounds

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3.aFFricateS- These are the
sounds produced when a plosive is
followed by a fricative.
4. NaSalS- These are the sounds
produced when the oral cavity is
blocked, and so the air passes
through the nose.

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5. lateral- Sounds are
produced when air stream moves
around the tongue in an
obstructed manner.
6. approximaNt- Sounds that
are close to vowel sounds.

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What You Need to Know forWhat You Need to Know for
VowelsVowels
• FRONT/CENTRAL/BACK: These three refers
to the position of the tongue from front to
back of the mouth during the production of
the sound.
• HIGH/MID/LOW: This designation refers to
whether the lips are rounded (O shape) or
spread (no rounding) when the sound is
being made.

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/a /ʊ /a /ɪ / /ɔɪ /e /ɪ
DiphthongsDiphthongs

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ActivityActivity

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Consonant
sound
IPA Voicing Place of
Articulation
Manner of
Articulation
s
sh
th
th
ch
zh
j
ng
y
t

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Consonant
sound
IPA Voicing Place of
Articulation
Manner of
Articulation
s s Voiceless Alveolar Fricative
sh ʃ Voiceless Palatal Fricative
th θ Voiceless Dental Fricative
th ð Voiced Dental Fricative
ch tʃ Voiceless Palatal affricative
zh ʒ Voiced Palatal Fricative
j dʒ Voiced Palatal Affricative
ng ŋ Voiced Velar Nasal
y j Voiced Palatal Glides
t t Voiceless Alveolar Stops

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