1. Holly Cavanaugh
Anth410
Spring 2013
Week 4
Cover Essay
By looking at my category titles, my interests seem to be everywhere and
anywhere in Anthropology; however, my course work at Humboldt State directly reflects
almost all of these categories, with the exception of Culinary Anthropology, which comes
from a separate and recent source of interest. Other categories include: development,
globalization and sustainability; digital and virtual anthropology; and the anthropology of
art.
Culinary Anthropology (the Anthropology of Food, Food Studies, etc.) is a recent
interests. Iʼve always planned on attending culinary school after obtaining my Bachelorʼs
Degree, but with my increasing passion for anthropology, Iʼve become determined to
include both in my future. I am currently conducting a literature review of culinary
anthropology to further my knowledge on the growing field of research through a food
lens. By growing my library on Food related subjects, I hope to carve out my own niche
in Culinary Anthropology, and conduct ethnographic fieldwork in graduate school, in the
relatively distant future (5-10 years).
Development and globalization have been of interest to me during my collegiate
career. Iʼm really interest in community-based development in relation to food
sustainability in developing countries. Establishing efficient, environmentally aware, and
sustainable food programs is becoming more important in the developing world. By

2. combining a knowledge of food studies with developmental anthropology, working
towards a goal of sustainability would be rewarding and interesting.
Digital and virtual anthropology is quickly becoming more relevant within the
discipline. The virtual world is growing every day and spreading to every corner of the
globe. Understanding and being aware of this growth is important within any category of
anthropology. Having personal background in ethnographic research of a virtual
community, I will be able to jump between the virtual and physical worlds.
Finally, art has had a personal influence on my academic career and my personal
life. Iʼve taken classes in the anthropology of art and I am completing my minor in Studio
Art- Photography. I think having the theoretical background on art, and the ability of
analyze it anthropologically, in addition to the practical knowledge of photography will be
helpful when conducting research. Photography is important in ethnographic research
(especially with the rise of ʻlive field notingʼ), in documenting subjects, and mostly
creating the ability to go back to the field through the photographs.
By cross-referencing these areas for the same project, I think I can make my
anthropological career very successful. Some possible topics that could arise from this
bibliography are: ethnographic research on food-related sustainability in developing
countries; food-related activism through social media (anti-obesity discussions on
Twitter); Using photography to help people document their food-related sustainability
efforts, and working together on finding solutions. There are many possibilities in the
fields of inquiry I am interested in, and that make up who I am as an anthropologist. I
hope to utilize these fields in my own future research.

3. Annotated Bibliography
Categories:
1. Culinary Anthropology
2. Development, Globalization & Sustainability
3. Digital & Virtual Anthropology
4. Anthropology of Art
5. Blog(s)
Section 1: Culinary Anthropology
Bourdain, A. Kitchen Confidential. Bloomsbury. 2000. Print.
Anthony Bourdain is a chef turned food writer and TV host. In his first book,
Kitchen Confidential, he tells of his somewhat scandalous career as a chef and first-
handedly details many ʻunknownʼ parts of a chefʼs life in the fast-paced restaurant
industry.
Bugge, A., Lavik, R. “Eating Out: A Multifaceted Activity in Contemporary Norway.”
Food, Culture & Society. Vol. 13, No. 2. 2010: 215-240.
An analysis of the growing popularity of ʻeating outʼ or away form home in
Norway. This study covers reasons for this popularity and how it contributes to an
individualʼs self-representation and identity.
Clapp, J. “A Global Outlook on Food Studies.” Food, Culture & Society. Vol. 11, No. 3.
2008: 281-286.
Two issues are presented for Food Studies researchers to consider: the ʻgrowing
corporate influence in food governance at the global levelʼ and ʻagricultural trade
liberalization under the WTOʼ. The apparent uneven relationship of the global food
system is a topic more researchers need to start inquiring about and conduct field work
on.
Deutsch, J., Miller, A.. Food Studies. Berg. 2009. Print.

4. A comprehensive overview of research methods and tactics when conducting
food related research. Jon Deutsch and Jeff Miller cover ethnographic methods,
literature reviewing, and acknowledgement of responsibilities to protect participants.
Freedman, R. “Wanted: A Journal in Culinary Anthropology.” Current Anthropology. Vol.
9, No. 1. 1968: 62-63.
This is a short article, essentially a listing of references of examples of culinary
anthropology writings in existence, claiming that the establishment of an ethnoculinary
journal would be beneficial to the culinary anthropology community.
Jensen, T., Johansson, B., Hansen, G., Huotilainen, A., Mäkelä, J., Roos, G., “Nordic
Childrenʼs Foodscapes: Images and Reflections.” Food, Culture & Society. Vol.12 No. 1.
2009: 25-51.
Ethnographic fieldwork conducted by a team of researchers in Nordic countries
(Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Norway) discussing the western ʻfoodscape,ʼ more
specifically how children view the modern ʻfoodscape.ʼ Children who participated were
treated more like co-researchers, than simply research subjects, in analyzing their food
choices and the effects of said choices.
Kessler, D. The End of Overeating: Controlling the Insatiable American Appetite. New
York: Rodale, Inc. 2009. Print.
David Kessler is a former FDA commissioner, tackling the American food industry
and its effects it is having on the nationʼs people. He presents issues within the industry
and gives solutions to aiding in the end of growing obesity rates.
*Lofink, H., Ulijaszek, S. “Obesity in Biocultural Perspective.” Annual Review of
Anthropology. Vol. 35. 2006: 337-360.
With the rise of obesity in human populations, peopleʼs relationship with food is
evolving. Looking at food through differing perspectives, such as biological, cultural, and
economic perspectives, this aticle is reviewing the changing patterns and knowledge of
obesity.

5. Ruhlman, M. The Making of a Chef. New York: Henry Holt and Company. 1997. Print.
Journalist Michael Ruhlman documents his experience of being immersed in the
culinary program at the Culinary Institute of America. His goal is to write about how one
learns to become a chef and the process of doing so.
Robbins, J. Diet for a New America: How your food choices affect your health,
happiness and the future life on Earth. Walpole: Stillpoint International Inc. 1987. Print.
An investigation of the food industry, focused on the treatment of animals raised
for dairy, egg, and meat production. Robbins discusses factory farms, environmental
issues, and the American diet, with ways to reduce poor consumption patterns and
move forward towards a healthier and more conscience lifestyle.
Rousseau, S. Food Media: Celebrity chefs and the Politics of Everyday Interference.
Berg. 2012. Print.
Following the ʻcelebrityʼ of the food industry, Signe Rousseau examines the
influence the media and celebrity culture have influenced the food industry, specifically
how it influences peopleʼs day to day eating habits.
Schlosser, E. Fast Food Nation: The dark side of the all-American meal. Mifflin
Company. 2002. Print.
Taking a critical look into the American fast food system, Eric Schlosser
discusses the wide landscape of the fast food industry. He travels to the restaurants
themselves, slaughter houses, and talks to consumers and producers for their views.
Section 2: Development, Globalization & Sustainability
Bricas, N., Raoult-Wack, A. “Ethincal Issues Related to Food Sector Evolution in
Developing Countries: About Sustainability and Equity. Journal of Agricultural and
Environmental Ethics. Vol. 15, No. 3. 202: 323-334.
With the worldʼs population increasing, food demand is increasing alongside it,
this is paired with the rise and introduction of urbanization into developing countries.

6. This article answers many questions surrounded by this dichotomy, concerning themes
often found in anthropology, such as gender, sustainability, and equity (to name a few).
Edelman, M., Haugerud, A. The Anthropology of Development and Globalization.
Oxofrd: Blackwell Publishing. 2005. Print.
Collected essays and articles covering development and globalization, this is a
goodpver view of how anthropology plays into development and globalization. The
essay that currently stands out to me is Chapter 27: “Beyond Development” (Gardner
and Lewis) which discusses the possibility of a ʻpost-developmentʼ era, or if that era
could even exist.
Gilligan, D., Hoddinott, J. “Is There Persistence in the Impact of Emergency Food Aid?
Evidence on Consumption, Food Security, and Assets in Rural Ethiopia.” American
Journal of Agricultural Economics. Vol. 89 No. 2. 2007: 225-242.
Food security is negatively impacted by food aid, even when food consumption is
high. Looking at a case study of a post-drought Ethipoia, this research is attempting to
determine how effective emergency food aid programs are, and if they are long lasting.
Illich, I. “To Hell With Good Intentions.” Speech.
Speaking to a group of American students volunteering in Mexico, Illich accuses
them of a hypocrisy of intentions. By doing what America sees as a helping poor
Mexicans ʻdevelop,ʼ is seen as extremely unhelpful, and harmful towards those being
imposed upon, in this case native Mexicans.
Karim, L. Microfinance and Its Discontents: Women in Debt in Bangladesh. Minneapolis:
Regents of the University of Minnesota. 2011. Print.
The result of ethnographic research on numerous microfinance operations, Karim
looks at the ʻdark sideʼ of the growing fad of microfinance. Through interviews,
participant observation, surveying, and archival research, Karim tell the untold tale of
microfinance and its negative effects on the women it proclaims to empower.

7. Moyo, D. Dead Aid: Why aid is not working and how there is a better way for Africa.
New York: Farrer, Straus and Giroux. 2009. Print.
An economist, Moyo takes a critical look at aid and how it is not helping African
countries, but hindering them through enabling and corruption.
*Phillips, L. “Food and Globalization.” Annual Review of Anthropology. vol. 35. 2006:
37-57.
ʻExploring the theme of food and globalizationʼ this review analyzes how food and
globalization and food have interacted with each other. The ever growing mobility of
people has created incalculable foodscapes, and ultimately a globalized foodscape that
affects all global citizens.
Rapley, John. Understanding Development: Theory and Practice in the Third World.
Boulder: Lynne Reinner Publishers. 2007. Print.
A concise overview of the history of developmental theory in the post WWII
climate. Covering structuralism, modernization theory, dependency theory, neoclassical
theory, and developmental practices between the first, second and third worlds over a
60 year period.
Ruhblom, H. “Swedish Multiculturalism in a Comparative European Perspective.”
Sociological Forum. Vol. 9, No. 4. 1994: (623-640).
Sweden illustrates, more than any other European country, a radical shift from an
ethnically homogenous population to one with mixed ethnic background. Sweden was
never a colonial power, so there was never a flow of peoples after decolonization of
developing countries; however, refugees began flowing in after many of the wars in
Islamic-based countries.
Section 3: Digital & Virtual Anthropology
Bower, B. “Facebook Users are the Real Thing.” Science News. Vol. 177 No. 7. 2010.
Web.

8. This article discusses how college aged Facebook users generally portray
themselves accurately which thus allows for social interactions to feel real. This article
demonstrates how people can use their online lives to reflect their offline lives, which
can lead to some individuals relying on their social life on the internet as their main
social field.
Emmerson, R., Fretz, R., Shaw, L. Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press. 1995. Print.
A comprehensive guide to conducting and recording ethnographic research.
Discusses methods used in ethnography and how to efficiently note-take and record.
Strickland, B. “Identitiy/Identity Formation.” The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology.2nd
ed: 322-323. 2001. Web.
This article is on identity and identity formation and how personal identity goes
hand in hand with group (or collective) identity. People from a similar social group will
tend to have similar aspects to their personal identities, which happens in both offline
and online situations.
Section 4: Anthropology of Art
Curtis, G. The Cave Painters: Probing the Mysteries of the Worldʼs First Artists.
New York: Random House. 2006. Print.
A comprehensive introduction to the lavish caves in France and Spain that are
riddled with some of the earliest artistic depictions- cave paintings. Discussing the
plethora of theories about cave art inspirations, and the individuals who rediscovered
and studied the paintings.
Dissanayake, E. What Is Art For? Seattle: University of Washington Press. 1988. Print.
Analyzing Art as a human behavior, Dissanayake attempts to answer the title
question, “What is art for?” Humans have utilized art for thousands of years, for many
reasons, aesthetics and emotion being two, and Dissanyake intends not to fully answer
the question, but the gain further insight on the possible answers.

9. Layton, Robert. The Anthropology of Art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1991. Print.
Specifying in non-western art, this book looks analytically at the aesthetics
involves in non western cultures and their art forms. Additionally, Latyon discusses the
context in which much of the art is utilized: rituals, power, and other cultural aspects.
Portman, M. “Photography for Anthropologists.” The Journal of the Anthropological
Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 25. 1896: 75-87.
This is a very old article, but interesting because Portman is claiming that utilizing
photography in the ethnographic field is essential- especially once back from the field.
This is relevant to today because methods such as ʻlive field notingʼ are surfacing within
ethnography, the utilization of photographs was important in the early days of
anthropology and is still today.
Section 5: Miscellaneous
Moore, H., Sanders, T. Anthropology in Theory: Issues in Epistemology. Malden:
Blackwell Publishing. 2006. Print
A collection of articles discussing anthropological theory, past and present. This
collection serves as a ʻgo-toʼ for references of the different theories and ideas present in
todayʼs anthropology.
Section 6: Blog(s)
“Society for the Anthropology of Food and Nutrition” (SAFN). http://foodanthro.com/
SAFN is a section of the the American Anthropological Association, and this is
their blog. Blog contributors are members of the SAFN, and posts are constantly being
uploaded about various topics in the Anthropology of Food and Nutrition.
“Ethnography Matters: Exploring what it means to be an ethnographer today.” 2011.
http://ethnographymatters.net/
Numerous contributors discussing methods and experiences in ethnography.

10. *From Annual Review of Anthropology