3. Plan
• Last
Years
of
Soviet
Union.
Context
and
History
• Shostakovich’s
last
years.
• Alfred
ShniDke.
• Arvo
Part,
Sofia
Gubaydulina,
Galina
Ustvolskaya.
• Summary
and
Assessment
6. Brezhnev
Era
• Leonid
Brezhnev
–
18
years
–
1964-‐1982.
• Expansion
and
repression.
Uprisings
and
invasions
of
Hungary,
Czechoslovakia
(Prague
Spring
1968),
Afganistan
(1979).
• Short
period
under
Andropov
–
but
then
Mikhail
Gorbachev
(1985-‐1991)
led
the
liberalisaYon
that
led
to
the
dissoluYon
of
Soviet
Union
under
Yeltzin.
• End
of
the
Berlin
Wall
(1961-‐89/90)
–
end
of
cold
war.
End
of
communism
in
the
West.
7. Popular
Music
• Following
pop
and
rock
a
form
of
dissidence.
Beatles
(John
Lennon)
very
popular.
• In
music,
although
the
state
conYnued
to
frown
on
such
Western
phenomena
as
jazz
and
rock,
it
began
to
permit
Western
musical
ensembles
specializing
in
these
genres
to
make
limited
appearances.
• But
the
naYve
balladeer
Vladimir
Vysotskii,
widely
popular
in
the
Soviet
Union,
was
denied
official
recogniYon
because
of
his
iconoclasYc
lyrics.
8. Krennikov
• Others
of
the
old
regieme
lived
on
–
Kabalevski,
Katchaturian,
etc.
• Tikhon
Krennikov
–
who
had
done
the
denouncing
lived
on
unYl
2007.
