predictors of aggression , violence, excitement , psychoanalytic theory , humanistic theory, social learning , prevention , treatment , control of aggression , media violence
2. Definition
Aggression refers to behavior between
members that is :
Can be phycical or emotional.
Intended to cause pain or harm.
People can avoid such treatment or
may fight back.
3. Violence and Excitement
Violence : Aggression by force.
- Formed of destructive behavior that can
endanger life or produce adverse effects
on victims .
Excitement : ↑ psychomotor activity in
psychiatric problem.
4. Forms Of Aggression
Aggresion has a defensive behavior is not
normally considered "aggression.“
Forms of aggression:
** Physical.
**Mental.
**Verbal.
6. Predictors Of Aggression
Enjoy in watching or inflicting harm.
Self View as Victim.
Childhood Deprivation.
Early Loss of parents.
Prior Violent Act.
Fire Setting , cruelty to animals.
7. MODELS OF AGGRESSION
Biological Basis of Aggression
Anatomical.
Biological.
chromosomal
Psychological
Psychoanalytical
Humanistic
Social Learning theory
12. Psychological Model
1- Psychoanalytic Theory
2- Humanistic theory.
3-Social Learning Theory.
13. Psychoanalytic Theories
Aggression as an instinctive behavior
♦ Freudian:
* Human behavior stemmed from
interplay between two basic Instincts:
►Eros ( life , sex, reproduction).
► Thanatos( Death ,
aggression).
14. Psychoanalytic Theories
Aggression developed during :
_ Oral Phase : pleasure of bitting .
_ Fixation Of Instincts (enforce toilet
training) :
_ Impaired superego.
16. Psychoanalytic Theories
Lorenz s view
- Fighting Instincts during evolution
to Protect Human territory.
- Direct Behavior Creativity &→
mastering.
- Love & friendship can block
aggression.
♣optimistic, can be rechallenged to
non injurious acts as love, friendship
17. Psychoanalytic Theories
Addller s View:
- Striving for Superiority.
- perfection.
Mc Dougall s View :( instinct)
- replace physical aggression to
sarcastic smiles, Polished insulting
words.
* If fails , individual regerss to primitive
way of behavior.
18. Humanistic Theory
Aggression is
1-A Product Of Frustration
2- resulting of blocking goal in life .
SO, Frustration → arousal of drive →
Harming persons or objects.
19. Humanistic Theory
Basic Concepts ( Drive theory )
- Is elicited drive depends on external factors as
pain
humiliation
loss of faith
20. Humanistic Theory
2- Frustration – Aggression theory
**Arise from deprivation from basic human
needs (Maslow).
- To Control : Accepting environment.
Fulfill basic needs.
NO humiliation.
→→ AGGRESSION is evitable
through satisfaction of basic needs.
21. Social learning Theory
Albert Bandura s View:
- Learned behavior .
- Reinforced by rewards.
- Not born with repertoire of aggression
- Acquired through past experience .
22. Determinants of aggression
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS
Frustration
Direct Provocation
Media Violence
Environmental Determinants.
Situational Determinants.
23. Social determinants
Media Violence:
Disinhibition .
Desensitization.
Arousal of Aggressive feeling.
Encouragement Of Risk Taking.
↑ exposure to violent material will ↑violent
fantasies.
24. Social Determinants
Relies on :
1. Role Modeling .
2. Identification.
3. Human Interaction.
Learned By :
* Imitation.
* Reinforced
32. Television Violence
Has a short – term stimulation effect on
aggressive behavior.
Portrays the world as a more hostile place.
Justified Violence.
Cues aggressive ideas in children.
33. How aggression begins ?
Conditions producing aggressive
impulses.
Person have violent thoughts or fantasies.
If loose control, thoughts become acts.
34. COGNITIVE THEORY
- Obtaining , organizing and using
intellectual knowledge .
- Mental operation & store bits in memory
to be retrived.
- relies on understanding.
- Understanding the connection between
cause and effect.
35. Situational Factors
Sexual Arousal:
* Depend on the erotic material .
* Erotica are mild → Aggression is low.
* If Explicit ----------→ Aggression is
high.
Pain:
*Arouse agg. Drive.
* Aggression to any target.
36. DEFINITION
♣ Forms of Aggression :
∂. Tendency to be physically
assaultive : violence & force.
∂. Indirect expressed hostility.
∂. Verbally expressed anger.
∂. Humors.
∂. Rumors.