Information regarding vehicle safety equipment developed, its function. The information available in the internet is compiled and presented.

1. Vehicle Safety
By
H. Ramsubramaniam

2. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
2
Vehicle Safety
• Road crashes are already the number one killer of young people
aged 10-24
• By 2020 the World Health Organisation estimates that road deaths
will rise by 60 per cent
• Worldwide, from 2000-2015, one billion people are forecast to be
affected by road deaths, or injury
• The cost to developing countries is put at $100bn a year, their total
aid budget
• Wearing a seatbelt would save half of all car occupants who die in
crashes
• Wearing a helmet would save 60% of all two wheeler riders in
accident
• In Britain 3,172 people died in road accidents in 2006
• Sources: Commission for Global Road Safety; Department for
Transport
The biggest killer

3. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
3
Vehicle Safety
Which is the best safety equipment / device ?

4. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
4
Vehicle Safety
Safe for the occupant and pedestrian
 To prevent death or injury during crash/accident.
 Warn/Assist the driver to avoid crash/accident.
 Prevent crash or accident – Adaptive/Intelligence.

5. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Vehicle Safety
Safe for the occupant and pedestrian
– To prevent death or injury during crash/accident.
People stay alive and uninjured in a crash
– Passive Safety
 Seat Belts
 Air Bags
 Collapsible Steering
 Energy absorbing wind shields
 Crash Compatible Structure
 Fuel pump Shut off
 Crumple Zone

6. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
6
Vehicle Safety
Safe for the occupant and pedestrian
– Warn/Assist the driver to avoid crash/accident.
– Active Safety
 Turn Signal, Brake light
 Centre High mounted brake light
 Rear end or Forward Collision warning
 Reverse Backup Sensors
 Lane Departure Warning
 Tyre Pressure Monitoring

7. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Vehicle Safety
Safe for the occupant and pedestrian
– Prevent crash or accident – Adaptive/Intelligence.
– Active Safety
 Antilock Braking System
 Traction Control System
 Vehicle Stability Control System
 Intelligent Speed Adaptation
 Adaptive Light Control System
 Night Vision
 Adaptive Cruise Control
 Active Damping
 Crash Notification System
Electronic
Stability
Control
System

8. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Absorb energy and limit forward motion
Passive Safety Seat Belts

9. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Passive Safety Air Bags
Supplement Resistance System addition to seat belt.
Front
-Head on collision
-Head.
Side
- Side impact
- T bone, head

10. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Passive Safety Air Bags
Curtain
- Side impact, roll over
- head and upper body
Knee
-Frontal Collision
-Knee

11. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Passive Safety Air Bags
Air bag in seat belt
For Pedestrian safety

12. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Passive Safety Air Bags
The bag itself is made of a thin, nylon fabric, which is
folded into the steering wheel or dashboard or, more
recently, the seat or door.
The sensor is the device that tells the bag to inflate.
Inflation happens when there is a collision force equal to
running into a brick wall at 10 to 15 miles per hour (16 to
24 km per hour).
A mechanical switch is flipped when there is a mass
shift that closes an electrical contact, telling the sensors
that a crash has occurred.
The sensors receive information from an accelerometer
built into a microchip.
The airbag's inflation system reacts sodium azide
(NaN3) with potassium nitrate (KNO3) to produce
nitrogen gas.
Hot blasts of the nitrogen inflate the airbag.

13. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
13
Passive Safety – Whiplash Protection System
• The WHIPS seat provides improved spinal support
• Modified backrest characteristics
• Close proximity of the head restraint's position to the occupant's head.
• Has a pre-determined rate of rearward movement in the event of certain
types of rear impacts.
• The seatback also has a series of springs that allows the cushion to
move slightly rearward upon impact
• This, combined with high-mounted head restraints, help to limit the
"whipping" motion of the head that often occurs during a rear-end
impact.
• WHIPS reduces injuries by 33 percent ~ 54 percent.

14. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Passive Safety Collapsible steering column

15. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
15
Passive Safety Energy absorbing windshields
It has got a deformable polymer layer. Windshield will deform absorbing
impact. Prevent penetration.

16. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Passive Safety Crash compatibility

17. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Passive Safety Fuel pump shut off
Turns off fuel in the event of a collision. Prevents gasoline fires
This switch shuts off the fuel pump
in the event of a collision.
Once the switch has been tripped, it
must be reset manually in order to
start the engine.

18. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Passive Safety Crumple Zone
Energy absorption
- displace the impact to this zone
- avoid internal structure
When there is a car crash, the car, its
contents, and the passengers, decelerate
rapidly.
They experience great forces because of
the change in momentum, which can cause
injury.
If the time taken for the change in
momentum on the body is increased, the
forces on the body are reduced too.
Seat belts and crumple zones are designed
to reduce the forces on the body if there is a
collision.

19. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Passive Safety Crumple Zone

20. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
20
Active Safety
Turn signals and Brake Light
Center High mounted Stop lamps

21. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
21
Active Safety
Brake Force Display

22. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Collision Mitigation
Aim:
– To warn the driver on possible collision
– To prevent Collision
Concept:
– Senses deceleration of lead vehicle through Forward Radar
– Check with preset safe distance from lead vehicle & deceleration
– Warn / prevent collision
 Warning
Many options for warning
Visual – through Head Up Display
-in the rear side mirror
Audio – through buzzer or voice
- through disturbance in radio signal
Tactile - seat vibration
- pedal pulsation

23. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Collision Mitigation

24. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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 Prevent Collision:
Sense objects in the front, side or rear
through
– Forward Radar Sensor
– Side Detection Sensors
– Rear Detection Sensors
Vehicle condition through
– Yaw and acceleration
sensors
– Wheel Speed Sensors
– Steering Angle Sensors
Actuate / modulate
– Throttle
– Brakes
Active Safety Collision Mitigation

25. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Reverse Backup sensors
Alerts for nearby objects in the path.

26. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Lane Departure Warning System
Warns when vehicle crosses the lane marked.

27. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
27
Active Safety Tyre Pressure Monitoring
Sensor at wheels- alert you – low pressure – lamp or audio or both

28. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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To monitor real time pressure in the tyre
Sensor at wheels
– Pressure Sensor
– Temperature Sensor
– Signal Processor
– Radio Frequency Transmitter
– Power from long life battery embedded
Remote Sensing Module.
– Stand alone device managing the
 sensing function,
 measurement processing,
 RF transmission and
 power management
Receiver.
Receives the information from RSM and displays
Active Safety Tyre Pressure Monitoring

29. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Antilock Braking System
Prevents wheel lock when adhesion changes

30. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Traction Control System
Restore traction while wheel Spinning

31. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Electronic Stability Control
Senses a possible loss of control.
Reduce power from the engine,
apply brakes – prevents instability due to under steering or over steering.
2004 ESC 1% ABS 18% 2008 ESC 9% ABS 46%
Installation of ESC- Europe: 40% Sweden: 85%

32. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
32
Active Safety Intelligent Speed Adaptation
GPS matched Database -Speed limits

33. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Adaptive Light Control
Allows driver to see obstacles while cornering.
Has swiveling bi-xenon projector headlamps
The projector swivels in outward to inward.
The control module receives input on
vehicle speed
steering angle
lateral acceleration
data from (GPS) navigation and electronic road map
Adjust the headlamps for optimal lighting of the road ahead.
Halogen Applications To Come

34. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
34
Active Safety Adaptive Light Control

35. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
35
Active Safety Night Vision
2006
Visibility for drivers - elimination of blind spots

36. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
36
Active Safety Adaptive Cruise Control
Aim:
– To automatically adjust a vehicle’s speed to maintain
a safe following distance.
– Go at constant speed without driver’s throttle input.
Concept:
– Sense the object in front of the following vehicle-using Radar
– Detect the speed and distance of the vehicle ahead
– Check with preset distance
– Adjust vehicle speed to maintain
the distance.
– Go at set speed when
there is no target vehicle
Radar 77GHz
Distance Range 150 m
Vehicle operating speed 30-180 kmph

37. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Adaptive Cruise Control
Advantage:
– Offer unique levels of comfort by eliminating the need for the
driver to have the throttle pedal constantly floored when the car
is traveling at high speeds.
– Maintains the set interval from the Target vehicle

38. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Active Damping
 Electronic damping system
 Increases driving safety, comfort, and dynamics
 Damping forces adjusted optimally for each individual wheel.
 Required damping forces are calculated within milliseconds.
 Dampers are adjusted quickly.
 Vehicle sensors monitor values such as body, wheel, and lateral acceleration,
 Use them to generate the ideal damping forces for each individual wheel on a
continuous basis.

39. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Active Damping
Skyhook control strategy:
 Damping forces for each wheel are individually controlled for the directional
movements of wheel and body.
 They always provide the best possible compensation for vehicle body
movement relative to a stationary center position.
 The skyhook principle keeps the vehicle body as stable as possible,
independent of driving and road conditions.
 The control strategy seeks to calm vehicle body movement, as if the moving
vehicle were connected to a hook fixed on the sky. As a result, the body moves
along like a sedan chair parallel to the sky.

40. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety Active Damping
Benefits:
 Greater safety thanks to optimized wheel damping
 Enhanced driving comfort and dynamics
 Reduced roll, pitch, and vertical motion
 Shorter braking distances thanks to better road contact
 Continuous adjustment in real time
 Faster steering response
 Better control and handling during lane changes

41. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety – Steer By Wire

42. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety – Brake By Wire
 A car equipped with brake by wire technology has a small electric motor near
the wheels that generate the braking pressure.
 They are governed by electronic control units connected to the brake pedal
that receive input from the driver’s actions and interpret that information into
a series of electronic instructions.
 These instructions are then communicated through a miniature, real time
network connecting the entire braking system.
 The system also has a series of sensors that monitor both the vehicle’s
operations and the driver’s actions and automatically adapt the braking
performance to maintain safety.
 When the driver applies pressure to the brake pedal, information is
electronically passed through the system, the external situation is evaluated,
and the brake motors apply the correct amount of pressure to the wheels.
 All of this happens in mille seconds and without requiring action from any
mechanical parts.

43. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
43
Active Safety – Brake By Wire
Using electro-mechanical brakes has several advantages.
• react more quickly,
• shorter stopping distances and
• increased safety.
Brake by wire systems are also totally silent, and do not have the
vibration felt through the brake pedal and normally associated with
antilock brakes.
It takes up much less physical space, which is an important factor
considering how tight engine compartments have become.
Since there is no corrosive brake fluid involved, brake by wire systems
are considered less damaging to the environment.

44. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Active Safety – Brake By Wire
Finally, brake by wire, as all x-by-wire systems, through there lower
weight and need for electrical power instead of mechanical power,
facilitate the introduction of hybrid and fuel cell powered vehicles.
Surveys have shown that most drivers feel that cars produced today
already have very good braking systems and are therefore reluctant to
pay more for brake by wire technology.
There are currently no government regulations requiring their adoption,
so unless manufacturers can convince consumers of their superior
performance and safety, there may be little consumer demand for x-by-
wire technology in the near future.

45. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Vehicle Safety
Automatic Crash Notification System
 It is the Black Box-but records Data after accident.
 Ability to call when the vehicle is in an accident.
Type of Technology:
– Cellular
– Voice Recognition
– Global Positioning System
– Vehicle Telemetry
Cellular
– It is Voice activated, hands free
– Console has built in micro phone and speakers
– Message is sent through Vehicle Communication and
Interface Module (VCIM)

46. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Vehicle Safety
Automatic Crash Notification System
Voice Recognition
– You can speak in the built in micro phone
– Software – Voice XML-converts voice into text and notify the
centre
GPS-Locate your vehicle through satellites
Vehicle Telemetry – Can locate the vehicle

47. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Vehicle Safety-
Automatic Crash Notification System
AACNS consists of Four components
– Sensors,
– Sensing Diagnostic Module (event data recorder,
accelerometer to measure the severity of accident),
– VCIM and
– Cellular antenna.
 Sensors senses the vehicle is in crash
 It transmit information to SDM
 SDM send to VCIM
 Cellular antenna sends to call centre advisor
 Adviser used GPS, locate the vehicle, call the driver
Or
 VCIM sends message when air bag goes off to adviser to call the driver
 Adviser take action to rescue the occupants

48. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Vehicle Safety-
Automatic Crash Notification System

49. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Vehicle Safety
Warning/Information
Assistance
Avoidance/prevent
Intelligence

50. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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 Mandatory Use of Seat Belts 2000
2015
 Antilock Braking System
 Appropriate Child Restraint
System
 Speed Limiters
 Air Bags  Electronic Stability Control System
 Whiplash Protection System  Brake Assist System
 Vehicle Compatibility  Trye Pressure Monitoring System
 Pedestrian Protection  Accident Data Recorder
 Seatbelt Reminder System  Emergency Call System
 Occupant Classification System
 Driver Fatigue Detection System
 Alcohol Ignition Interlocks
 Intelligent Speed Adaptation
 Anti Collision Devices

51. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Can we do anything?

52. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Can we do anything?

53. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Can we do anything ?
*

54. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Can we do anything ?
**

55. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Can we do anything ?
***

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WHO statistics

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WHO Statistics

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Automotive accidents / deaths
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
1980
1985
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
Millions

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 If this awareness program makes few of you following
the traffic discipline now onwards –
Good 
 If this awareness program makes all of you following the
traffic discipline now onwards –
Fantastic 
Awareness - does not mean negligence

60. The information is a collection from internet and this presentation is the copy right of HECHARES 2008 & updated 2013
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Vehicle Safety
Our Society
Our Safety
Everyone’s Responsibility

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Thank You
&
Have a safe driving