1. Working with
Analogies
SPI 0801.5.5 Choose a logical word to
complete an analogy, using synonyms,
antonyms, homonyms,
categories/subcategories, whole/part,
functions, verb forms, rhymes, scrambled
words, homophones.
2. Analogies test your ability
to:
• Recognize the relationship between
the words in a word pair
• Recognize when two word pairs
display equal relationships
4. To answer an analogy
question you must:
• Recognize the relationship between the
words in the given word pair
• Select the answer containing words
related to one another in most nearly
the same way
• Recognize when two word pairs display
equal relationships
5. Analogies look like this:
Up:Down ::Over:Under
Up is to Down as Over is to Under
6. In what ways could these
pairs of words be related?
• The relationship will always have
to do with the meaning of the
words
I get it…they
are opposites!
7. Examples of possible
relationships in an analogy:
• Synonyms or antonyms
• A part to the whole
• A member to the category that contains
it
• Cause to effect (or effect to cause)
• Varying degrees of a quantity or quality
• Object to function
8. Here is one example of
Synonym relationships:
Infant:Baby::Grown-Up: _________?
Infant:Baby::Grown-Up:Adult
9. Here is one example of
Antonym relationships:
Big:Small::Full:_______?
Big:Small::Full:Empty
10. Here is one example of Part
to Whole relationships:
Wheel:Car::Branch:_______?
Wheel:Car::Branch:Tree
11. Here is one example of Member
to Category relationships:
Apple:Fruit::Carrot:_______?
Apple:Fruit::Carrot:Vegetable
12. Here is one example of
Cause Effect relationships:
Sliver:Pain::Heat:__________
Sliver:Pain::Heat:Boil
13. Here is one example Matters
of Degree relationships:
Warm:Hot::Cool:______?
Warm:Hot::Cool:Frigid
14. Here is one example of Object
to Function relationships:
Truck:Transport::Oven:______?
Truck:Transport::Oven:bake
15. PRACTICE
Can you identify the relationship?
a) Synonyms or antonyms
1. PLATOON:SOLDIER b) A part to the whole
2. HOT:SCALDING c) A member to the
3. STARVATION:BINGING category that contains it
4. GILLS:BREATHING d) Cause to effect (or effect
to cause)
5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCING e) Varying degrees of a
6. SOCCER:SPORT quantity or quality
f) Object to function
16. PRACTICE
Can you identify the relationship?
a) Synonyms or antonyms
b
1. PLATOON:SOLDIER b) A part to the whole
2.
e HOT:SCALDING c) A member to the
a
3. STARVATION:BINGING category that contains it
f
4. GILLS:BREATHING d) Cause to effect (or effect
a to cause)
5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCING e) Varying degrees of a
c
6. SOCCER:SPORT quantity or quality
f) Object to function
17. Approaches that may be helpful
in answering analogy questions:
• Try to determine the precise relationship
between the words in the given pair
• Form a sentence that captures the
relationship between the two words
• Then look for the answer choice containing
the word pair whose relationship is closest
to that of the given pair and can be
expressed in a similar fashion
18. Example
APPLE : FRUIT ::
B. Salad : Mix
C. Orange: Banana
D. Juice : Can
E. Slice : Core
F. Butterfly: Insect
19. Example
APPLE : FRUIT ::
• Salad : Mix
• Orange: Banana
• Juice : Can
• Slice : Core
• Butterfly:Insect
20. How do you know if you
have a good sentence?
• Look at the answer choices
• If more than one answer choice
seems to fit, then your sentence is
too general
• If none of them work, then your
sentence is too specific
21. Example
PEN : WRITE ::
B. Pencil : Sharpen
C. Ink : Blue
D. Letter : Compose
E. Knife : Cut
F. Mistake : Erase
22. Example
PEN : WRITE ::
• Pencil : Sharpen
• Ink : Blue
• Letter : Compose
• Knife : Cut
• Mistake : Erase
23. Helpful Approaches con’t:
• Pay attention to the order of the words in the
pair
• Pay attention to the parts of speech
• The relationships you need to explain will be
constant relationships
• Analogy questions are vocabulary intensive
• Remember that a single word can have several
different meaning
• Never decide on the best answer without
reading all the answer choices
• Practice recognizing and formulating
relationships between word pairs
24. Practice
Large : Big::
B. Remember : Forget
C. Triumph: Success
D. Nostril : Smell
E. Audio : Hear
E. Glasses : See
25. Practice
Large : Big::
• Remember : Forget
• Triumph: Success
• Nostril : Smell
• Audio : Hear
E. Glasses : See
26. Practice
Bat : Hitter
B. Score: Win
C. Walk : Run
D. Mars : Venus
E. Stick : Hockey Player
F. Basketball: Hoop
27. Practice
Bat : Hitter
• Score: Win
• Walk : Run
• Mars : Venus
• Stick : Hockey Player
• Basketball: Hoop
28. Practice
Come : Came::
B. Walk : Walking
C. Ride : Rode
D. Left : Arrived
E. Did : Had Done
F. See : Seen
29. Practice
Come : Came::
• Walk : Walking
• Ride : Rode
• Left : Arrived
• Did : Had Done
• See : Seen
31. Written Practice
Sampler Daily Analogies
Understanding Analogies
Analogies Worksheet
Analogies Dining
Analogies Notes
Analogies Graphic Organizer
Notas del editor
Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE
Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE
Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE
Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE
Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE
Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE
Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE
Let’s practice recognizing relationships. Part to whole - the second word (solider) is part of the first word (platoon) Varying degree - the first word (hot) is the extreme of the second word (scalding) Antonym Object to function - gills are used to breathe Synonym -someone who is persuasive is also convincing Member to category- soccer is a type of sport
Let’s practice recognizing relationships. Part to whole - the second word (solider) is part of the first word (platoon) Varying degree - the first word (hot) is the extreme of the second word (scalding) Antonym Object to function - gills are used to breathe Synonym -someone who is persuasive is also convincing Member to category- soccer is a type of sport
Make a sentence that shows the relationship between apple and fruit. How about “An apple is a type of fruit.” Test that sentence by going through all five answers choices, replacing apple & fruit with the different pairs of words. Only one pair fits the sentence. Answer E: A butterfly s a type of insect.
Make a sentence that shows the relationship between apple and fruit. How about “An apple is a type of fruit.” Test that sentence by going through all five answers choices, replacing apple & fruit with the different pairs of words. Only one pair fits the sentence. Answer E: A carrot is a type of vegetable.
Too specific sentence - I once had a pen that my dog chewed but it still wrote in different colors. - sentence is too long, too specific. Too general: A pen is a thing and to write is an action. Sentence is too vague. It describes each word individually and not the relationship of the words. Lots of very different pairs of words could fit from this sentence.
Too specific sentence - I once had a pen that my dog chewed but it still wrote in different colors. - sentence is too long, too specific. Too general: A pen is a thing and to write is an action. Sentence is too vague. It describes each word individually and not the relationship of the words. Lots of very different pairs of words could fit from this sentence.
