This presentation summarizes the paper presented at the 12th World Conference on Transport Research held in July 2010 in Lisbon.

1. 12th World Conference Transport Research Lisbon 11-15 July 2010 THE LAND USE AND TRANSPORT RELATIONSHIP IN PERIPHERAL AREAS: Policy integration based on case study areas Henar Salas-Olmedo Soledad Nogués UNIVERSITY OF CANTABRIA GEURBAN - Research Group for Urban and Spatial Planning Cover

2. Outline Land use transport periphery studyareas

3. Objectives How does the presence of a highway impact population and activities in peripheral areas? Objectives Highways are claimed as a must-be by local agents in peripheral areas BUT They do not provide further development on its own, instead they induce changes in the spatial pattern

4. Questions How does a highway influence the accessibility pattern? How do these changes affect the land use pattern? What is the resulting commuting pattern?

5. Methodology Methodology Accessibility Residence-to-Work flows Road Maps Masterplan Transport, OSM50 and UK Borders. © Crown Copyright/ database right 2007. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service. Origin – Destination Matrix National Statistics. Origin Destination Statistics. Wards. Census 2001. © Crown Copyright. Graph theory Köning and Shimbel tests (modified to measure time/distance, results relative to the area) Mackenzie centrality index, Multiple Linkage Analysis Complementary data: Corine Land Cover and population data both at the ward and settlement scale Complementary tools: tests designed to measure the centrality of the urban system and the degree of sprawl with some residence or job-based tests

6. Peripherallocation Near / farawayenoughfromeachother What study areas? Trunkvs.highwaycrossroad Criteria to select the study areas Network mapping and core-periphery (credits: Ross Dawson). http://km4meu.wordpress.com.

8. Over 50 km. away from each other

9. They are crossroads and have a sub-regional role in the regional urban system

10. DMB: M18 to A1(M) and M180 motorway junctions

11. LPA: 5-trunk-road intersection (A46; A15; A158; A57 and A607)Study areas: DMB & LPA

12. DONCASTER METROPOLITAN BOROUGH Sub-regional centre 56,000 Ha. 286,866 persons 12 market and coalfield towns, and about 50 small villages LINCOLN POLICY AREA Principal Urban Area 72,000 Ha. 164,443 persons Settlements performing dormitory or local services functions DMB & LPA – roads, settlements & wards

13. Results Results

14. Mackenzie’s index of centrality Increment of accessibility in DMB Difference in minutes in Shimbel test value with and without motorway

15. CLC 2000

16. Multiple Linkage Analysis Relative dispersion ∆’(G) test: ∆’(DMB) = 3.813; LPA (∆’(LAP) = 2.448

17. Diagnosis Diagnosis

18. Proposals What can be done to improve land use and transport efficiency? One of the main targets to achieve is to bring households and workplaces individually closer Co-location (Hickman & Banister, 2004) Reducing daily mobility Proposals

19. Reducing daily mobility - I Enhancing co-operation Improving public transport Improving public transport Reducing the need to travel Complementary measures: advice, live information, competitive fares to faithful users… High quality public transport system Increment the cost of the use of the car, where socially acceptable

20. Reducing daily mobility - II Enhancing co-operation Reducing the need to travel Improving public transport Reducing the need to travel Relationships between settlements Urban design Co-location Plot size of human scale Street design for cyclers and pedestrians Building design: sensible densities and land use mixture Tax reduction for those working and living at a walking/cycling distance Public support to rent or buy a home near their workplace Fares reduction in PT Promotion of local firms to a wider area Trade shows and workshops Fitting PT & Activities timetables Delivery services

21. Reducing daily mobility - III Enhancing co-operation Enhancing co-operation Improving public transport Reducing the need to travel Finding and explaining win-to-win relationships Horizontal and vertical co-operation between and within public administration and the society Long term planning policies

22. Further research Disaggregated data Local particularities Causality Long term analysis HOW to implement measures in small and medium size towns in peripheral areas? Further research

23. Thank you The end Henar Salas-Olmedo and Soledad Nogués Dpt. Geography, Urban and Spatial Planning School of Civil Engineering UNIVERSITY OF CANTABRIA - SPAIN www.grupospdi.unican.es/geurban geurban@unican.es