Good forest description.

2. Introduction.
Canada is home to 30% of the worlds boreal
forest and the 70% in Eurasia, Europe and Asia. It also
includes the worlds largest biome
forest in the world, which include(tree species)
pine, fir, spruce, aspen and a number of other
tree species and animal species.

3. THE LOCATION OF THE BOREAL
FOREST.
Known in Russia as the cool coniferous-forest (taiga),it accounts for
about one third of this planet's total forest area or 11.3% and 14.3%
of the Earths land. The Boreal forest constitutes one of the largest
biome in the world, covering 12 million square kilometres and is in
one of the coldest parts of the Earth. It circles the Northern
hemisphere, covering Canada, Sweden, Finland and inland Norway,
Russia, Siberia, Scandinavia, Alaska, parts of Kazakhstan, Mongolia
and a small amount are in Japan and is one of the important places
where birds and some other species too and from the forests
migrate.

4. The taiga or boreal forest is a broad band of herbs, shrubs, coniferous trees and some
deciduous trees that extends around the north below the tundra and here are some
coniferous species. Pinaceae- Pine Family
The Silver Fir: it is also known as the European Fir. A tall tree with a long clear bole surmounted
by a pyramid like crown or base that becomes flat, topped and at a mature age growing to
a height of 46 m. Siberian Fir: This tree can grow to an average height of 30 m and a diameter of
50 cm, it has a conical crown. Native to eastern Russia, Turkestan, Mongolia and China it prefers
cool and moist climate usually resistant to frost.
Pinus
Lodgepole Pine: A widely distributed pine that usually grows tall with narrow, dense, conical
crown, may remain small with broad, rounded crown, growing to an average height of 6 - 24 m
and a diameter of 0.3 - 0.9 m. A 3 - 7 cm long stout, slightly flattened and often twisted, yellow-
green to dark green. Bark: light brown, thin, and scaly. Cones: 2 - 5 cm long. An egg-shaped one-
sided base, shiny yellow-brown, remaining closed on trees for many years, cone-scales raised,
rounded with tiny, slender prickles. It grows throughout the Interior, from mid elevation to
subalpine sites which is in the eastern sides of Canada. Douglas Fir: A large tree with narrow,
pointed crown, growing to a height of 24 - 61 m and a diameter of 0.6-1.5 m, often much larger.
Bark: reddish-brown, very thick. Twigs: orange, turning brown, slender, hairy, ending in dark red,
conical, pointed, scaly, hairless bud. Cones: 5 - 9 cm long; narrowly egg-shaped, light brown,
short-stalked; with many thin, rounded cone-scales each above a long, protruding, three-pointed
bract, paired, long-winged seeds it is located in the mid west of Canada.

5. Cypress Family.

6. Oak Family
Northern Red Oak: The Northern Red Oak is spread all along the
northern regions. It is a large tree with rounded crown of stout,
spreading branches, growing to a height of 18 - 27 m and a
diameter of 0.3 - 0.8 m. Leaves: 10 - 23 cm long, usually divided
less than halfway to the middle into wavy cuts with a few
irregular that are tipped, usually dull green above, dull light
green beneath with lots of hairs in angles along middle vein,
turning brown or dark red in Autumn. Bark: dark grey or
blackish, rough, furrowed into scaly ridges and the inner is bark
reddish. American Elm: The American Elm is located at the
northern regions. It is a large, graceful tree with enlarged
buttresses at base, usually spreads into many spreading
branches, droops at ends, forming a very broad, rounded crown,
growing to a height of 30 m and a diameter of 1.2 m; often much
larger.

7. Sugar Maple: Sugar maple is one of 148 maple species
found in the Northern Hemisphere(Canada, Russia and
Alaska). A large shade tree with rounded, dense crown,
growing to a height of 21 - 30 m and a diameter of 0.6 - 0.9
m. Leaves: 9 - 14 cm long, lobed with 5 deep long-pointed, 5
main veins from base, leafstalks long and often hairy, dull
dark green above, paler and often hairy on veins beneath,
turning red, orange, and yellow in autumn. Bark: light grey;
becoming rough into narrow scaly pieces.
Species of Common Shrubs.
Vine Maple: It is mostly restricted to the south-western area.
A shrub or small tree with short trunk or vinelike branches
turning and twisting from the base, growing to a height of
7.5 m and a diameter of 20 cm, sometimes larger. Mountain
Alder: The Mountain Alder is located in the north west of
Eurasia and Canada. It is a shrub with spreading, slender
branches with several trunks and a rounded crown,
growing to a height of 9 m and a diameter of 15 cm, often
grows in thickets.

8. FLORA, CONIFEROUS GALLERY.

9. FLORA, DECIDUOUS GALLERY.

10. FLORA, DECIDUOUS PLANTS.

16. Gallery.

17. Hundreds of indigenous people live in the boreal forest (specifically in
Canada) They rely on the lakes, rivers, water foe, beaver, fish and
other aquatic species and deer. They use the boreal lakes and rivers
for transportation. Factories like food production and electricity Etc.
bring tourist, scientists, people who build houses there and gradually
becoming into towns and even cities. It is a good place for grazing
bringing in animals or farms.(also Mongolians, Russians,
Scandinavians and Siberians also live in the boreal forest)

18. Topography or Landscape.
The Topography or landscape of the boreal forest is quite mountainous which means it has a alpine biome,
these ranges start from California and stretches to the west coast of Canada and to the Alaska Range
(Appalachian Mountains). In Europe, Eurasia and Asia Mountains are not that popular(where the boreal
forest is located), but there are mountains that are about 700M to 2100M in the north-west of Russia and
in the artic region. The great big mountains in Eurasia are in the boarder of Mongolia and South Russia.
These mountains have dramatic features like glaciers. There are 230 glaciers in the these mountains. Here
are some Mountains:
Look At google earth
Wiki
Peak
2333m
Redstone
Hill
2446m

19. Climate. rapidly and one of
In the Boreal forest Temperatures are changing
the main problems are global warming. The taiga is a moist subarctic
forest that begins where the Tundra ends. The winters are long, dark
and cold with lots of snow, and the summers are warm and short
when the daylight can be up to 20 hours long. The Northern part of
Canada, Alaska and Russia, you have gained altitude, therefore it is
much more cooler. The taiga climate is mostly cold arctic air. Strong
cold winds bring bitterly cold air from the Arctic Circle, the
temperatures fall even more on clear nights when there is no cloud
cover. Winter, with it's freezing cold temperatures, lasts for six to
seven months. Summer is a rainy, hot, humid and a short season in
the taiga. Autumn is the shortest season for taiga. Spring brings
flowers, the frozen ponds melt, and the animals come out from
hibernation. The taiga climate has an average annual rainfall of 30 -
84 cm. Most of it falls in the summer as rain. Winter's LOWEST
temperature in taiga is -15°C.
Winter's HIGHEST temperature is -1°C.
Summer's LOWEST temperature is -1° C.
Summer's HIGHEST temperature is 21°C.

20. Facts.
 the Greek god of the North
The Boreal Forest is named after Boreas,
wind. The biome is known as boreal in Canada, but is also known as
taiga, a Russian word. Taiga is most commonly used to refer to the
biome's more barren northern locations while boreal is used for the
more temperate, southern area. The boreal represents 11.3%% of the
world's forest cover. While typically low on biodiversity, the boreal
around the globe supports a range of animals. Canada's boreal forest is
home to 85 species of mammals, 130 species of fish, some 32,000 species
of insects, and 300 species of birds. Of the 300 bird species that call
Canada's boreal forest home during the summer, only 30 stay through
the winter. Wildfires are an important part of the reproductive cycle for
some species. Depending on the area, large fires occur in a cycle
repeating anywhere from 70 to 200 years. The aurora borealis was
named after the Roman goddess of dawn, Aurora, and the Greek name
for the north wind, Boreas. However, the Greek call the Dance of the
Spirits and it covers 14.3% of earths land surface. The boreal forest also
contains 1.5 million lakes.

21. The things that make the boreal forest unique and different is that the boreal
forest stores enormous quantities of carbon, possibly more than the temperate
and tropical forests combine, much of it in peat-lands, in the acidic soil and in
the trees. These acidic soils store aluminium, carbon dioxide and other minerals.
The boreal also provides electricity, wood, oil, gas, coal, hydro-electricity ,
uranium, biomass and steel. The electricity comes from, hydro-electricity from
dams and electricity from gas, nuclear and oil. Gas, oil, uranium, wood(paper
and timber) and steel are sold, this will raise the economy and will also bring
tourist and tourist is money. Food, food is also important to civilization. The boreal
forest is good place for grazing and also for farming. It also provides lots of water
and one of the cleanest, because they get filtered by the peatlands. Canada
is also a place for birds to migrate. The peace Athabasca delta is one of the
most important ecological system on earth, it is a place where birds mate and
migrate to and from it and listed as a world heritage, because of the
threatened species of millions of birds. The peat-lands are like water filters, if
contaminated water goes through will be filtered and drinkable and water is an
important source to human life. Biomass can be turned into fuel and the fuel
can be turned into electricity this is one of the sustainable ways of creating
electricity.

22. Millions of amphibians, birds mammals and other animals are being
instinct or are threatened to being instinct. This is happening by
logging(deforestation), mining, hydro-electric power generators and
nuclear generators. Already 4,400 mining claims have been staked across
the northern half of Canada's Boreal Forest. This is all leads to air
pollution, water pollution and soil pollution. Because the world needs the
boreal forest!
Threats.

23. Definitions.

24. Definitions.

25. Definition.
Aurora’s: bands of light sometimes seen in the sky in polar
regions(north or the south pole).

27. National geographic.
Boreal Forest - The Canadian Encyclo-pedia.
The Alpine Biome.
The Boreal Forest Biome: Taiga Biome.
Tree Hugger
BOREALFOREST.ORG
Books: encyclo-pedia and love earth.
Videos: Geography and history.