2. INTRODUCTION:
• Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, devised a rule
that all good writing must contain a beginning, a
middle, and an end. A writer must consciously
separate these three parts in the correct
proportion so that your speech will be effective.
Clear speech requires thorough organization.
Clear organization develops ideas and makes the
listeners and speakers interact with each other
better.
3. A. Opening the Speech
• Making a good impression is very
important.
• Your introduction sets the climate wether
to feel positively or negatively toward the
rest of what you have to say.
• The introduction does the following:
4. • Sets the tone;
• Makes an impression;
• Arouses interest in both listener and
speaker;
• Develops the boundaries of the topic
for the audience;
• Gives the audience your intentions for
the speech.
5. Pointers in making introductions
•Wake up your audience.
•Hold their attention.
•Arouse their interest.
•Establish a willingness to listen.
•Lead them slowly into the body
of your speech.
6. •Provide a preview of what you are
going to say.
•Explain your speech purpose.
•Break down prejudice
•State the limitations of your
subject.
•Arouse curiosity and get a
favorable response from your
audience.
15. Concepts to remember on
openings
•Memorize your opening sentence
•Get to the point
•Have self-confidence
•Open with short, forceful
sentences
•Make your introduction or
opening appealing
16. Developing the Main Idea
The body of your speech should be 70% to 80%
of the whole. It should develop the main idea.
Thus, the body is an orderly and detailed mass of
evidence that helps to drive the main idea into
the minds of the audience. Your audience will
have difficulty remembering all the information
you want to convey. That’s why you need to
remember the old saying that states
17. “Tell them what you
are going to tell them,
tell them, and tell
them what you told
them.”
18. Guide in Developing the Body of
your Talk
• Express your ideas clearly so that your hard-won
evidence is not obscured and weakened.
• Execute your purpose by means of an orderly plan.
• Expand your major points with strong evidence in
detailed form.
• Extract from your sources information the most
important evidence. Your points will be weakened
by the addition of trivial items or the omission of
strong ones.
• Expunge or strike out any details that do not
support your main idea.
19. Ways of Developing a Speech
• The Topical Pattern
*Speech arrangement that is
divided according to well-known
topics or categories
*Subject is broken according to
types, kinds, categories, reasons,
groups, traits, parts, advantages,
disadvantages, and so on using the
topical pattern.
20. Example:
• BODY
II. White-Collar Jobs
A. History of the term
B. Nature of the job
C. Types of work belonging to it
III. Blue-Collar Jobs
A. History of the term
B. Nature of the job
C. Types of work belonging to it
21. • The Sequential Pattern
*Arrangement based on space and time
*Also called ‘spatial’ arrangement and
‘chronological’ arrangement
*Physical space or geographic proximity is used to
show relationship and to produce unity.
*The chronological approach is used for how-to-
speeches or historic speeches
*Another term is “The Way it happened”
arrangement.
*For insistance, you relate what happened on your
trip, at the convention, during the fire, or any event in
the order it happened.
*In short, you start at the beginning and stop at the
end.
22. II. BODY
A. Off to Boracay
1.Getting on the bus
2.The plane ride
3.The ferry boat ride
B. The First Day in Boracay
1.Breakfast at Titay’s
2.Jet-ski ride
3.Dinner and dancing at Lodge
C. Second Day
1.Skiing on the Beach
2.Lunch at club Panoly
3.Jamming on the shore
4.Seeing celebrities at dinner
23. D. Third Day
1.Slight drizzling in the morning
2.Swimming on the Beach
3.Exploring the grounds
4.Going to the underground cave
E. Fourth Day
1.Seafoods for lunch
2.Swimming in the rain
3.Last disco party
4.Last-minute shopping
5.Farewell dinner
F. Home Again
1.Ride back
2.My husband meeting me at the airport
24. • Logical Arrangement
* The order in which the major points of the body
will appear is determined by what you think is
reasonable and in orderly plan.
* Another name is ‘It Seems Reasonable’
arrangement
Types of Logical Arrangement
a. The Causal Pattern- the causal arrangement make
known the causes and effects. For example, you
could cite that teenagers in your community do not
have recreational outlets and cite its effect
25. BODY
II. Cause: No recreational outlets for teenagers
A. No basketball court
B. No dancing hall
C. No attention given to social activities
III. Effect: Increase negative characteristics of
teenagers
A. Unhappiness
B. Lack of cooperation
C. Increase in juvenile delinquency
26. b. The Problem-Solution Pattern- this arrangement is
desirable in trying to sell a solution, plan or scheme
to an audience. It is effective when you are
proposing a change or suggesting an alternative to a
present-day problem. In this arrangement four
questions are asked in this order:
1. Is there a problem?
2. What is a proposed solution to the problem and
is it possible?
3. Is this solution desirable?
4. Is there a better solution?
27. Concluding the Speeches
• Present a Summary of Your Theme- simple and
commonly used method which fixes attention on the theme
of the speech. The conclusion of your speech does the
following:
Summarize your main points;
Highlight the central theme; and
Leave a clear, definite favorable impression on your
listeners.
28. • Summarize the Individual Points You Presented
Restate the essential facts or major points which you have
presented.
Don’t overuse this device as it can be monotonous.
• Return to the Method Used in the Introduction
Very obvious but effective method of conclusion
Audiences usually have a feeling of pleasure and
satisfaction when they hear this type of ending.
You may repeat the exact words of your opening, if they are
especially memorable, or you may refer to the theme or idea
with which you began.
29. • Appeal to the Emotions
We all feel more than we think
People will often remember an appeal which touches the
heart
• Use an Illustrations, Story, or Anecdotes
Concrete or personal examples may well make your main
idea more vivid than a dozen generalizations.
Make the audience see the forest and not the trees
• Refer to a Rhetorical Question
Forces the audience to engage themselves in your topic by
mentally answering the question and by pondering the
information you have given them
An effective ending for a persuasive speech
30. • Refer to the Occasion
• Refer to a Quote
Tips on concluding a speech
1. Be brief
2. Don’t introduce any new material in your
conclusion
3. Don’t use long sentences
4. Plan your concluding sentences.
