Christianity began around 1-2 BCE with Jesus Christ, who was born in Bethlehem to the Virgin Mary. Jesus preached messages of love and taught that he was the Messiah, but was crucified. After his death and resurrection, Christianity grew based on teachings in the Old and New Testaments and sacraments like baptism and communion. The religion split in 1054 CE between Catholics and Orthodox, and Martin Luther further split Christianity during the Protestant Reformation in 1517.