The document summarizes plans by Hawaii state agencies and the National Geodetic Survey to modernize Hawaii's spatial reference systems. Hawaii DOT is funding a 5-phase plan to establish a new digital leveling network, continuous GPS reference station network, and LIDAR data. The NGS has established a new national spatial reference system called NAD 83(2011) based on reprocessing data from over 2000 GPS reference stations from 1994-2011. By 2022, the NGS aims to establish new geometric and vertical datums to further improve positioning accuracy across the United States.

1. Now & the Future of Geodesy in
Hawaii for the GIS Users
Edward E. Carlson
Pacific Region Geodetic Advisor
NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey

2. Outline
State of Hawaii
Vertical Network
Real Time Reference Network
National Geodetic Survey
National Adjustment of 2011
Geometric Datum 2022
NGS Tool Kit

3. Hawaii DOT Height Modernization Plans
• Phase 1 – Digital Leveling
- First Order Class II using digital levels
• Phase 2 – Continuous Operating Reference Stations
(CORS) and Real Time Network (RTN)
• Phase 3 – LIDAR and Airborne Gravity (NGS)
• Phase 4 – Research and Development
• Phase 5 – Reference Center
Note: Phase 1 and 2 have been funded through CIP

4. Oahu - Existing Benchmarks

5. Oahu - Proposed Level Network

6. Maui - Existing Benchmarks

7. Maui - Proposed Level Network

8. Kauai - Existing Benchmarks

9. Kauai - Proposed Level Network

10. Big Island - Existing Benchmarks

11. Big Island - Proposed Level Network

12. Lanai - Proposed Level Network

13. Molokai - Proposed Level Network

14. Estimated miles of leveling
• Oahu
– Estimate of 211 miles
• Maui
– Estimate of 251 miles
• Kauai
– Estimate of 128 miles
• Big Island
– Estimate of 410 miles
Note: Data to be submitted to NGS to be included in National
Spatial Reference System (NSRS)

15. Phase 2 – CORS & VRS

16. • GPS Receivers:
– Current GNSS Receivers and Geodetic Antennas
• Equipment:
– Solar panels, backup batteries, battery enclosure box
– Modem radio where no internet exist to provide a single base
solution
• Construction:
– In Federal, State or County property where possible
– Sites may change depending on site issues (high buildings, trees,
transmission towers, mountains, etc.)
• Servers
– Central server with redundant server located in each county.

17. VRS Network
• Oahu - 7 Stations
• Maui - 8 Stations with a possible 9th station
• Kauai – 6 Stations
• Big Island – 9 Stations
NOTE 1: Will level to as many VRS stations
NOTE 2: Include at least 20% in the National CORS
network system

18. National Geodetic Survey Announces
Better Positions and
Improved Access to the
National Spatial Reference System
The National Adjustment of 2011

19. Introducing…
NAD 83(2011) epoch 2010.00
• Multi-Year CORS Solution (MYCS)
– Reprocessed all CORS GPS data Jan 1994-Apr 2011
– 2264 CORS & global stations
– NAD 83 computed by transformation from IGS08
• National Adjustment of 2011 (NA2011)
– New adjustment of GNSS passive control
– GNSS vectors tied (and constrained) to CORS
NAD 83(2011) epoch 2010.00
– Approximately 80,000 stations and
400,000 GNSS vectors
• Realization SAME for CORS
and passive marks
• This is NOT a new datum! (still NAD 83)

20. Why a new NAD 83 realization?
• Previous NAD 83(CORS96) needed many improvements
• NSRS improvements achieved with the MYCS include:
– Consistent coordinates and velocities from combined solution
– Aligned with most recent realization of global frame (IGS08)
• IGS08 epoch 2005.0 (previous aligned at epoch 1997.0)
• NAD 83 epoch 2010.0 (previous epochs of 2002.0 and 2003.0)
– Major processing algorithm, modeling, metadata improvements
– Absolute phase center antenna calibrations
• Highly accurate and consistent CORS coordinates and velocities
determined using Best Available Methods
– Needed because CORS network is foundation of NSRS

22. Datum Differences
NAD83(PACP00) – NAD83(PA11) = 0.02m
NAD83(PA11) - WGS84(ISG08) = 2.42m
NAD83(PACP00) – WGS84(ITRF00) = 1.80m
NAD83(PACP00) – NAD83(PA11) = 0.02m
NAD83(PA11) - WGS84(ISG08) = 2.44m
NAD83(PACP00) – WGS84(ITRF00) = 1.87m
NAD83(PACP00) – NAD83(PA11) = 0.02m
NAD83(PA11) - WGS84(ISG08) = 2.45m
NAD83(PACP00) – WGS84(ITRF00) = 1.88m
Hawaiian
NAD83(PACP00) – NAD83(PA11) = 0.02m
Islands NAD83(PA11) - WGS84(ISG08) = 2.47m
NAD83(PACP00) – WGS84(ITRF00) = 1.91m
NGA is doing a new definition of WGS84 in 2012

23. Datum Differences
NAD83(MARP00) – NAD83(MA11) = 0.08m
NAD83(MA11) - WGS84(ISG08) = 1.13m
NAD83(MARP00) – WGS84(ITRF00) = 1.05m
NAD83(PACP00) – NAD83(PA11) = 0.16m
NAD83(PA11) - WGS84(ISG08) = 3.05m
NAD83(PACP00) – WGS84(ITRF00) = 2.45m
NAD83(MARP00) – NAD83(MA11) = 0.03m
NAD83(MA11) - WGS84(ISG08) = 1.23m
NAD83(MARP00) – WGS84(ITRF00) = 1.15m

24. Modernizing the NSRS
Positioning America in a dynamically changing world
• New Geopotential “Vertical” Datum
• New Geometric “Horizontal” Datum
Estimated completion date - 2022
www.geodesy.noaa.gov

25. Geometric Datum of 2022

27. NGS TOOL KIT

28. “ALL PAU”
Any Final Questions
Edward E. Carlson
National Geodetic Survey
808-532-3205
ed.carlson@noaa.gov